Fig 8 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Activated carbon fibers with high micropore volume and large specific surface area were prepared from abundant and low-cost coconut fibers, which show excellent adsorption performances towards various dyes.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... chemical structure and functional groups of activated carbon bers can be determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of the coconut carbon bers before and aer the activation are shown in Fig. 8. From Fig. 8, we can see that the characteristic absorption peaks of carbonized coconut ber and activated carbon ber both appeared at 3435, 2920, 2850, 1610 and 1115 cm À1 . The absorption peak at 3435 cm À1 was assigned to the O-H bond stretching vibration, while those of 2920 cm À1 and 2850 cm À1 were assigned to the C-H bond ...
Context 2
... chemical structure and functional groups of activated carbon bers can be determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of the coconut carbon bers before and aer the activation are shown in Fig. 8. From Fig. 8, we can see that the characteristic absorption peaks of carbonized coconut ber and activated carbon ber both appeared at 3435, 2920, 2850, 1610 and 1115 cm À1 . The absorption peak at 3435 cm À1 was assigned to the O-H bond stretching vibration, while those of 2920 cm À1 and 2850 cm À1 were assigned to the C-H bond stretching vibrations. ...
Similar publications
Research has been carried out on the nutritional content of dried noodles substituted with coconut pulp. This study aims to determine the highest total protein content, highest crude fiber content and the highest water content and organoleptic quality of dried noodles substituted with coconut pulp. Dry noodles are made from wheat flour and coconut...
This study aims to determine the effect of liquid smoke treatment on the tensile strength of the single fiber and Coconut fiber (CF) Reinforced Composite. The research method is Immersion the fiber with liquid smoke and heating. First treatment, CF was immersed in liquid smoke for 1, 2, and 3 hours, then dried for 1 hour at a temperature of 40 degr...
Citations
... The UV spectra of the CR solution during the adsorption by BPBC are shown in Supplementary Material Figure S1. Equation (8) can be used to express a first-order kinetic model in linear form [46]. ln(q e − q t ) = lnq e − k 1 t (8) ...
... Using the second-order model, the kinetic data were further analyzed. The linear form of this model can be seen in Equation (9) [46]. ...
This study investigates the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from wastewater using banana peel biochar (BPBC) in both batch and fixed-bed column modes. BPBC was characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, and BET analysis, revealing a predominantly mesoporous structure with a surface area of 9.65 m2/g. Batch adsorption experiments evaluated the effectiveness of BPBC in removing CR, investigating the influence of the BPBC dosage, initial CR concentration, and solution pH. Results showed optimal CR removal at pH levels below 4, suggesting a favorable electrostatic interaction between the adsorbent and the dye. Furthermore, a pseudo-first-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process. The Freundlich isotherm provided a better fit compared to the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) models, implying a heterogeneous adsorption surface. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) from the Langmuir model was 35.46 mg/g. To assess continuous operation, breakthrough curves were obtained in fixed-bed column experiments with varying bed heights (1–3.6 cm). The results demonstrated efficient CR removal by BPBC, highlighting its potential for wastewater treatment. Finally, this study explored the feasibility of BPBC regeneration and reuse through four adsorption–desorption cycles.
... The surface compositions and chemical states of AC, AC-800, and Fe-AC-800 were examined further using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The survey scan shown in Fig. 4 revealed that C and O are well detected in all samples [48][49][50], whereas Fe was only detected in the Fe-AC-800. Herein, the absence of Zn in the XPS spectra, as observed from the XRD and SEM-EDS results, could be attributed to the lower surface content of the element (~ 0.2 %) [44]. ...
... In Fig. 9c, the O 1 s scan of Fe-AC-800 before adsorption shows three deconvolutions at 530.19 eV, 531.70 eV, and 532.59 eV, corresponding to the distinct chemical states of Fe-O, C --O, and C-OH, respectively. Meanwhile, as shown in Fig. 9e, the C 1 s scan before adsorption was deconvoluted into three distinct peaks at 284.48, 285.90, and 289.51 eV, corresponding to the C -C/C --C conjugated system, C -OH, and C --O groups, respectively [36,[48][49][50]. After adsorption, the intensity of the Fe-O region decreased, as observed in Fig. 9d, indicating that some of the Fe species have undergone partial oxidation. ...
... [30]. However, the presence of N in carbon network proven by FTIR analysis as described in Figure 4. Fig. 4. The FT-IR spectrum of undoped-carbon or activated-carbon shows characteristic peaks at 3446 cm -1 refers to O-H stretching [31,32], C-H stretching at 2884 cm -1 [33,34], C-O stretching at 1092 cm -1 [32,35], and C=C aromatic at 1570 cm -1 [32,34]. The C=C vibrations shift to about 1587 cm -1 after N and N/S doping, almost piled up with C=N stretching at around 1534 cm -1 [36,37]. ...
... [30]. However, the presence of N in carbon network proven by FTIR analysis as described in Figure 4. Fig. 4. The FT-IR spectrum of undoped-carbon or activated-carbon shows characteristic peaks at 3446 cm -1 refers to O-H stretching [31,32], C-H stretching at 2884 cm -1 [33,34], C-O stretching at 1092 cm -1 [32,35], and C=C aromatic at 1570 cm -1 [32,34]. The C=C vibrations shift to about 1587 cm -1 after N and N/S doping, almost piled up with C=N stretching at around 1534 cm -1 [36,37]. ...
... XRD pattern of ACF@CuO-13 was obtained with a broad peak at around 2θ value of 24.95° along with two major peaks at 14.04° and 16.73° confirming the presence of activated carbon material (See Figure 8) however, the XRD pattern of ACF@CuO-13 revealed additional peaks at 2θ values of 30.81°, 33.03°, 45.14°, with low-intensity peaks at 36.84°, 42.09° 51.36°, 57.17°, and 63.04° correspond to the crystalline region attributed to the presence of CuO functionality on the ACF surface. The complete pattern confirmed the formation of crystals of CuO on the surface of ACF, as reported in the literature [41,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. ...
... Additionally, a satellite peak 2 was observed at 941 eV. Furthermore, peaks 3&4 at 951.8 eV and 959.7 eV were observed for Cu 2p 1/2 , indicating the presence of the CuO phase on the surface of ACF@CuO-13 [44,51]. The XPS analyses results concluded the functionalization of ACF surface with CuO evidenced by the presence of specific peaks as explained. ...
... The additional sulfate peak is produced by the oxidation of sulfur in air during the synthesis process [45]. Two peaks at 285.13 and 288.89 eV, corresponding to C-C and O-C-O respectively, could be observed in the high-resolution C 1s spectrum of S/coco, S/ rGO, and S/MWCNT (Fig. 6c, f, and j) [46]. A large peak with the binding energy of about 534.55 eV is also evident in the O1s XPS spectra of the prepared material (Fig. 6g), which is consistent with the functional group of C-O [47]. ...
Sodium sulfur (Na-S) battery is an electrochemical energy stowage stratagem which has been labelled as a practicable aspirant for extensive grid-ion verve stowage structures. Na-S battery consumes a high energy concentration as well as a high thermodynamic efficiency of charge and discharge rotations. In this aspect, sulfur is a promising cathode material due to its capability of intercalating two electrons simultaneously in addition to its low cost and natural abundance. Due to the insulating nature of sulfur, a carbon matrix is introduced and encapsulates the sulfur. In this work, coconut carbon, rGO, and MWCNT acted as a various carbon matrix synthesized by the melt diffusion method. Further, physical and electrochemical studies have been investigated. Interestingly, S/rGO exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 965 mAhg⁻¹ at 0.1C with a coulombic efficiency of 81%.
Graphical Abstract
... The C 1s peak was dissected by fitting it with three distinct peaks at binding energies of 288.3 eV, 285.3 eV, and 284.3 eV. These split peaks correspond to three functional groups: O-C --O, C-O, and C-C, respectively [37]. The proportions of the identified groups are detailed in Table 5. ...
... From the FTIR results, the characteristic peaks of activated carbon at 3431 cm -1 , 1560 cm -1 , 1384 cm -1 , and 1109 cm -1 were O-H stretching vibration (Abdullah et al., 2018;Zhang et al., 2018), C=C bending vibration (Barroso-Bogeat et al., 2019), CH 3 attributed vibration (Das et al., 2008), and C-O stretching vibration (Cheng et al., 2016;, respectively. The Fe-O stretching vibration appeared with a band at 700-500 cm -1 (Krishnan and Haridas, 2008) and the Fe-O-H stretching vibration appeared with a band at 700-500 cm -1 (Mehrabi et al., 2015). ...
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates is a challenging problem. This paper investigated the feasibility of using sodium persulfate (PS), a strong oxidant, as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) filling material. Firstly, sustained-release persulfate balls were manufactured to adjust the release rate of persulfate, the oxidation agent. In addition, Fe(II) loaded activated carbon was used to help with an even distribution of Fe(II) in the porous medium (PRB in this case). Then, the oxidation efficiency and kinetic rate of COD removal by the sustained-release balls were subjected to batch tests. It was found that a ratio of 1:1.4:0.24:0.7 for sodium persulfate: cement: sand: water was the most efficient for COD removal (95%). From the breakthrough curve for a 5 mm sustained-release ball, it was found that the retardation factor was 1.27 and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient was 15.6 cm 2 /d. The corresponding half-life of COD oxidation was 0.43 d, which was comparable with the half-life of PS release from sustained-release balls (0.56 d). The sustained-release persulfate balls were shown to be an economical material with a simple recipe and production method when catalyzed by Fe-AC. Sustained-release balls used in PRBs offer significant advantages in terms of both effectiveness and economy compared with cutting-edge methods for the preparation of sustained-release and catalytic materials. These results verified the feasibility of sustained-release persulfate balls as a PRB material for COD removal.
... The PAC consisted of primary compounds centering at 283.5, 284.6, 285.0, and 287.5 eV, which were attributed to C = C, C-C/C-H, C-OH, and C = O, respectively. 43 The ratio of C-OH in the pristine PAC was 42.5%, while in the used PAC, it decreased to 38.7%. This result indicated that C-OH groups could have contributed to PMS activation for the formation of ROS. ...
Urea is a problematic pollutant in reclaimed water for ultrapure water (UPW) production. The sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) has been recognized as an effective method for urea degradation. However, conventional metal-based catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation are unsuitable for UPW production due to issues related to metal ion leaching. In this study, the use of powdered activated carbon (PAC) was investigated for the removal of urea from reclaimed water. The PAC exhibited a high degree of defects (I D /I G = 1.709) and various surface oxygen functional groups (C-OH, C = O, and C-O), which greatly enhanced its catalytic capability. The PAC significantly facilitated PMS activation in the PMS + PAC system, leading to the complete urea decomposition. The PMS + PAC system demonstrated excellent urea removal efficiency within a wide pH range, except for pH < 3. Among the various anions present, the CO 3 2 − and PO 4 3 − inhibited urea degradation, while the coexistence of Cl − promoted urea removal. Furthermore, the feasibility test was evaluated using actual reclaimed water. The quenching test revealed that SO 4 −· , · OH, and O 2 −· played crucial roles in the degradation of urea in the PAC-assisted SR-AOP. The oxygen functional groups (C-OH and O-C = O) and defect sites of PAC clearly contributed to PMS activation.
... Consequently, more and more researchers are focusing on finding low-cost and green raw materials for the preparation of ACFs. In recent years, ACFs have been successfully prepared from some bio-resources such as liquefied wood [8], flax [9], coconut fibers [10], sisal [11], kenaf [12], and Senegalia catechu [13]. However, there are few reports on the preparation of ACFs from plant pulp fibers. ...
Well-developed micro and mesoporous activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with fiber structure were prepared from tissue by CO2 activation. The XRD patterns and Raman spectrum indicated ACFs had a graphitic and amorphous structure. The SEM results indicated that the sample exhibited fiber structure with lots of mesoporous, with an average pore size of 2-5 nm. The specific surface area of 1517 m2 /g, micro surface area of 412.9 m2 /g, and total pore volume of 1.194 cm3 /g were obtained at 900°C with CO2 activation for 2 hours. ACFs showed relatively high methylene blue adsorption properties with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 526 mg/g. The kinetic model of the Pseudo-second-order equation was more suitable for MB adsorption than the Pseudo-first-order equation and Intraparticle diffusion kinetics, with a high correlation coefficient value (R>0.999). The present research provided a new idea of bionics for the manufacture of ACFs and brought forward a creative prospect for achieving energy-related CO2 emissions to net-zero and mitigating global warming.
... Thus, it concluded from this research that a different matrix for determining vitamin D 3 is the stable, low-cost BMC. [85][86][87][88][89][90] ...
Recent advancements in electrochemical sensors for the detection of vitamins, particularly vitamin D, have drawn a lot of attention due to their outstanding advantages of simplicity and high sensitivity. For the purpose of detecting vitamin D in this circumstance, recent research has focused on developing electrochemical sensors. Although there is always space for improvement, electrochemical sensors for vitamin D detection and its transformation into point‐of‐care devices have made great strides lately. For example, the development of innovative electrode materials that can increase sensitivity and selectivity continues to garner a lot of interest. New suggestions on adsorptive detections using vitamin D carriers like nanoclays or hydroxyapatite‐clay composites are being developed. These biosensors hold huge potential for the detection of cheap, disposable, and biodegradable solutions. Also, the biosensor could monitor the depletion of vitamin levels, providing a real‐time platform for the Internet of Medical Things, fifth‐generation wireless communications, and smartphone‐based electrochemical sensors. Currently, electrochemical sensors based on smartphones have been proposed to detect using various biomarkers for monitoring several changes in glucose, etc. We believe smartphone‐based electrochemical sensors and adsorptive sensing platforms provides a novel way toward point‐of‐care tests for identifying especially vitamin D deficiency and real‐time monitoring
