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The live and heat inactivated forms of Lentinus edodes pellets were used for the biosorption of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions. The maximum adsorption of metal ions on the live and heat inactivated pellets of fungus was observed at pH 6.0 for all the used metal ions. The effect of temperature on the biosorption capacity was negligible in the range of 15–...
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... pellets was elucidated on the basis of heat treatment; FT-IR, SEM and BET method. Heat treatment can produce additional binding sites via denaturation of proteins on the cell wall structures. The changes in the functional groups and the surface properties of the fungal pellets are confirmed by the FT-IR spectra before and after heat treatment ( Fig. 1). FT-IR spectra of native and heat inactivated fungus confirm the biosorbents heterogeneity and evidence the presence of different characteristics peaks in agreement with the possible presence of amino, carboxylic, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups are presented in Fig. 1. In general, the FT-IR spectra of the live and heat inactivated fungal ...
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... pellets are confirmed by the FT-IR spectra before and after heat treatment ( Fig. 1). FT-IR spectra of native and heat inactivated fungus confirm the biosorbents heterogeneity and evidence the presence of different characteristics peaks in agreement with the possible presence of amino, carboxylic, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups are presented in Fig. 1. In general, the FT-IR spectra of the live and heat inactivated fungal biomass have intense peaks at the frequency level of 3400-3200 cm −1 representing -OH stretching of carboxylic groups and also representing stretch- ing of -NH groups. The strong peaks at around 1645 cm −1 are caused by the bending of N-H groups of chitin on the ...
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Citations
... On the other hand, biological remediation using microorganisms (algae, bacteria, fungi) has been investigated for their capacity for metal adsorption from polluted waters, with fungi beneficial for this aim due to their accessibility, low cost, and capacity to ingest significant amounts of heavy metals (Bayramoğlu & Arica 2008, Dhankhar & Hooda 2011, Maznah et al. 2012, Kumar et al. 2019. Many fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, and Saccharomyces biomass, have been considerable attention because of their large capacity for metal removal (Çeribasi & Yetis 2001, Kiran et al. 2005, Parvathi et al. 2007, Bayramoğlu & Arıca 2008. Since a great deal of work has been done in this field. ...
A common heavy metal pollutant of water resources, copper (II), can cause serious health problems or even death. Over the past few years, several filamentous fungi strains have been isolated, identified, and tested for their ability to bio-adsorb heavy metals for potential use in the bio-remediation of copper from wastewater. In this study, variables, including the dosage of fungal pellets, temperature, pH, time, initial copper concentration, and agitation rate, were assessed to select the best conditions for the adsorption of copper by Dictyuchus sterile pellets. To identify the active groups responsible for metal adsorption, microscopic observations were made using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The copper adsorbent was then analyzed before and after adsorption using an atomic adsorption spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ideal adsorption conditions were: fungal pellets with a wet weight of 1 g.L-1 at a temperature of 25°C, pH 5.5, the initial copper concentration of 100 ppm, and shaking at a speed of about 250 rpm for 72 h to achieve a removal efficiency rate of 95%. Copper adsorbed with the biomass of the fungal pellets was 57 mg.g-1. The use of fungal pellets would be a method that can be used to increase the surface area of adsorption and also is thought to be one of the most cost-effective ways to remove trace metals from polluted water.
... After immobilization of mycelial biomass on powdered AC changed peak position reveals the changed functional groups. Fungal mycelial biomass chemically consisted of proteins and glycoproteins with various functional groups such as carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups [44]. FTIR analysis of native T. versicolor NFCCI 4361 (Fig. 8b) reveals the sharp peak at 1029 cm −1 which shifted to a lower wavelength may be due to the loading of AC particles (Fig. 8c). ...
The fungus Trametes versicolor, a basidiomycete, is well recognized as a source of industrial enzymes including laccase. Laccase productivity of T. versicolor NFCCI 4361 was determined at different concentrations of molasses, copper (Cu), guaiacol (Gua), gallic acid (GA), and 2, 2´-azino bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). Copper with molasses synergistically increased the laccase productivity of T. versicolor NFCCI 4361 from 291.59 ± 30.92 to 1228.96 ± 87.52 U/L. The GA and Gua had negligible effects, while ABTS (1 mM) greatly increased the laccase productivity, both on its alone (495.4 ± 83.47 U/L) and when combined with copper (921.71 ± 41.58 U/L). Following the study of laccase productivity, the percentage of spent wash decolorization was determined by using powdered activated carbon (AC), living, dead, and activated carbon immobilized mycelial biomass (ACIMB) of T. versicolor NFCCI 4361, comparatively. The maximum percentage of decolorization was obtained by ACIMB (44%), followed by AC (40%), living (30%), and dead (16%) mycelial biomass of T. versicolor NFCCI 4361 after 144 h of interaction time.
Graphical Abstract
... As compared to bacteria and algae, fungi are more potential candidates for the ionization of metals and dye removal. In earlier reported work some metal ions like Zn +2 , Hg +2 , and Cd +2 were removed successfully using Lentinusedodes fungi (Bayramoğlu and Arıca, 2008). Some of the examples of the application fungi also removed dyes such as macro-fungi for methylene blue dye (Maurya et al., 2006), Aspergillus Niger for direct red 28, and disperse red 1 (Fu and Viraraghavan, 2002), acid blue 29by lining fungus (Fu and Viraraghavan, 2001). ...
Aloe vera has been harvested for decades due to its diverse medicinal and nutritional potential. Researchers are presently concentrating on an additional application of aloe vera that is pertinent to industrial usages such as techniques for pollutant removal and water purification. For decades, inorganic and organic pollutants from home and industrial wastewater have been decontaminated using aloe vera biomass, either in its natural state or modified state. This review article gives a detailed summary of the classification of synthetic dyes and heavy metals, their toxicity, and different removal methods using bare and modified aloe vera-based biosorbents. The botany, origin, taxonomy, and utilization of Aloe vera in different sectors have also been summarized. In addition, this paper emphasizes the preparation of biosorbent using aloe vera biomass either in its unmodified form or modified form under different physicochemical conditions. Moreover, acid and base-treated Aloe vera and metal oxide-modified Aloe vera was used and discussed in detail. The physicochemical factors influencing the adsorption capability of biosorbent such as initial pollutant concentrations, contact period, pH, and shaking or stirring speed have been thoroughly discussed. Finally, conclusions have been drawn based on the reviewed literature and also proposed a few possible suggestions for future research for Aloe vera biomass-based biosorbents.
... Penicillium chrysogenum CS1 Chromium [133] Saccharina fusiforme, S. japonica Cadmium [114] Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lead [104] Penicillium chrysogenum A15 Lead [122] Trichoderma sp., Cadmium [105] Aspergillus clavatus, A.niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium glabrum Arsenic [134] Aspergillus flavus CR500 Chromium [135] Clavulina humicola Cadmium [136] Rhizopus delemar Nickle, copper [137] Lentinus edodes Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury [138] Fusarium solani Chromium [139] Galerina vittiformis Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Lead [140] Fusarium sp. MMT1 Chromium [141] Botrytis cinerea Copper, Cadmium [142] Neurospora crassa Copper, Lead [143] Lactarius scrobiculatus Cadmium, Lead [144] Amanita rubescens Cadmium, Lead [145] Rhizopus arrhizus Cadmium [146] 3. Algae ...
Citation: Tarfeen, N.; Nisa, K.I.; Hamid, B.; Bashir, Z.; Yatoo, A.M.; Dar, M.A.; Mohiddin, F.A.; Amin, Z.; Ahmad, R.A.; Sayyed, R.Z. Microbial
... However, several other factors influence biosorption, including the medium pH [1,25], which we investigated herein. This variable affects the speciation of metal ions and also influences the surface properties of adsorbents [26], which modifies the dissociation of linking groups and their surface charge, the activity of functional groups (mainly carboxylate, phosphate, and amino groups) in biomass [27], as well as the competition of metal ions with hydronium ions for adsorption sites [28]. ...
Biosorption on fungal pellets constitutes a promising way of removing precious metals, which are often present at dilute concentrations in wastewater. Herein, we studied the Ag and Au biosorption by Aspergillus tabacinus and Cladosporium cladosporioides pellets. For A. tabacinus pellets the optimum pH values for the biosorption of Ag and Au were 5 and 4, respectively, while for C. cladosporioides granules, the best-suited values were 3 and 4, respectively. Biosorption kinetics of both metals were also studied at low adsorbate concentrations (1 mg/L) and the pH values mentioned above, and the contact times that allow maximum recovery of the two metals were defined. At the pH values estimated as optimum, A. tabacinus pellets adsorbed greater amounts of Ag than C. cladosporioides pellets, while for Au the opposite occurred. We found that the pseudo-second-order model adequately represents Ag and Au biosorption kinetics under the conditions tested. Due to the growing demand and limited availability of these metals, their recovery from aqueous residual solutions is economically attractive and desirable in the expanding circular economy scheme.
... At first sight, it could be inferred that all removal takes place by adsorption for all isolates, and that adsorption process is enhanced in thermally-inactivated biomass compared to viable fungi. This has been demonstrated for different kinds of biomass, including fungal, due to surface area modification (Bayramoglu and Arica, 2008;Legorreta-Castañeda et al., 2020). Nonetheless, when ecotoxicological analyses are considered, not only adsorption, but also biodegradation, is possibly taking place in Rxn systems using T1 and T4, in which significant detoxification was achieved (493 and 340-fold lower toxicity than abiotic control for T1 and T4, respectively). ...
The transition from conventional to organic agriculture is often challenged by the adaptation of biological control agents to environments heavily exposed to agrochemical pollutants. We studied Trichoderma species isolated from living leaf tissues of wild Rubiacaeae (coffee family) plants to determine their fungicide tolerance and potential for bioremoval. First, we assessed the in vitro tolerance to fungicides of four Trichoderma isolates (Trichoderma rifaii T1, T. aff. crassum T2, T. aff. atroviride T3, and T. aff. strigosellum T4) by placing mycelial plugs onto solid media supplemented with seven different systemic and non-systemic fungicides. After a week, most of the fungicides did not significantly inhibit the growth of the isolates, except in the case of cyproconazole, where the only isolate able to grow was T1; however, the colony morphology was affected by the presence of fungicides. Second, biological removal potential was established for selected isolates. For this experiment, the isolates T1, T2, and T4 were independently inoculated into liquid media with the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyproconazole, and trifloxystrobin. After 14 days of incubation, a removal of up to 89% was achieved for chlorothalonil, 46.4% for cyproconazole, and 33.1% for trifloxystrobin using viable biomass. In the case of azoxystrobin, the highest removal (82.2%) occurred by adsorption to fungal biomass. Ecotoxicological tests in Daphnia magna revealed that T1 has the highest removal potential, achieving significant elimination of every fungicide, while simultaneously detoxifying the aqueous matrix (except in the case of cyproconazole). Isolate T4 also exhibited an intermediate efficiency, while isolate T2 was unable to detoxify the matrix in most cases. The removal and detoxification of cyproconazole failed with all the isolates. These findings suggest that endosphere of wild plants could be an attractive guild to find new Trichoderma species with promising bioremediation capabilities. In addition, the results demonstrate Escudero-Leyva et al. Fungicide Removal by Trichoderma that attention should be placed when combining certain types of agrochemicals with antagonistic fungi in Integrated Pest and Disease Management strategies or when transitioning to organic agriculture.
... Finally, a peak identified at 470 cm À1 related to the C-N-C scissoring group. These several functional groups present on both fungal biomass RB and AA (Bayramoglu & Arıcaülay 2008). ...
In this study, the adsorption abilities of Russula brevipes (RB), Agaricus augustus (AA), and Fomes fomentarius (FF) were evaluated in Basic Red 18 (BR18) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) biosorption from textile effluent. The adsorbents were characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR). Fomes fomentarius presented a low sorption capacity contrary to the two other fungi (RB and AA). RB and AA were selected as potential adsorbents for BR18 and RBBR, respectively. The maximum BR18 removal efficiencies for 10, 25, and 50 mg/L were obtained after 60 min to be 90, 88, and 86%, respectively. The RBBR adsorption efficiencies were 96.4, 96, and 90% for dye concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 mg/L. The adsorption of BR18 onto the RB biomass followed the Freundlich isotherm, while Langmuir is the best isotherm for RBBR sorption's elucidation onto AA fungus biomass. The removal of BR18 by BR biomass was found to follow the pseudo-second order. In contrast, the adsorption of RBBR onto the AA biomass followed Lagergren's pseudo-first order. For both adsorbents, the adsorption was exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. Finally, the dyes' biosorption process was perfectly achieved onto fungi biomass via physisorption. HIGHLIGHTS
Three fungi, Russula brevipes (RB), Agaricus augustus (AA), and Fomes fomentarius (FF) were used for dye adsorption.;
Basic Red BR18 and Remazol Brilliant Blue RBBR dyes were tested for adsorption.;
Freundlich describe perfectly the sorption process of BR18 dye onto RB fungus.;
Langmuir is the best isotherm for RBBR sorption's elucidation onto AA fungus biomass.;
... Microbial cells such as polysaccharides and metabolites are very strong for metal accumulation, as there are many attachment sites in the cell wall of microorganisms and diversity in these attachment sites. The low pH values between the metal ions and functional groups on the cell wall and the positive charge of the cell surface have an effect on reducing the sorption (Bayramoğlu and Arıca 2008). It has been observed that when the cell surface is loaded more negatively and at higher pH values (pH: 5), sorption increases. ...
In this study, a solid phase extraction method was successfully applied in the preconcentration and determination of trace levels of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (white rot fungus) modified bentonite was used as adsorbent. After the biosorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions, metal concentrations in the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. pH, adsorbent amount, eluent type, sample volume, and flow rate, which are effective in the adsorption of metal ions, have been studied. 1 M HCl was used for desorption of these metal ions retained (recovery 95–100%). In addition, the effect of interfered ions has also been investigated. Sorption data were examined according to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations. The results obtained show that the applied method has a high metal biosorption capacity, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions are successfully recovered. It was also successful in applying the proposed enrichment method to real water samples.
Recovery values between 92.3% and 97.3% were obtained for the studied metal ions. According to the results, the proposed method can be successfully applied to water analysis at 95% confidence interval.
... Thermal inactivated cells of P. agglomerans were investigated for removal of cadmium and found that its rate of removal was well comparable with live cells 32 . In another finding heat inactivated forms of Lentinus edodes biosorption capacity of 57.7 ± 1.1 mg/ g was noted 33 . Thus, species performed well even in inactivated state which proves their potential to remove cadmium either by accumulation or adsorption on the surface. ...
Heavy metals are extremely toxic and their presence in the environment is a known risk factor. Out of them, cadmium is known for its fatal effects on the environment, humans and soil. Bioremediation offers an economical solution for detoxifying such metals. So, the present study aimed to isolate Bacillus sp. and Cupriavidus sp. from the cadmium contaminated soils and studied their cadmium bioremediation potential. Strains that have exhibited good tolerance upto 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm of cadmium concentration and good absorption to cadmium were studied by scanning electron microscopy. An increase in the size of the bacterial cells was observed. The absorption of cadmium by bacterial cells was further confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and found that the sorption rate of Bacillus sp. ECd004 was 87% and of Cupriavidus sp. SCd005 was 90%. Furthermore, these strains were exposed to cadmium contaminated soil in the form of bioformulations and their role in the rate of seed germination of Vigna radiata and Cicer aertinum and impact on seedlings growth was determined. Seed germination and growth rate was found to be double in comparison to the negative control. This investigation proves their efficacy to use in highly cadmium contaminated soils making them a suitable choice for bioremediation.
... By comparing the spectra of strains in the presence and absence of Cd, significant vibrations were observed at the wave numbers of 1450 and 1072 cm −1 , which presented the stretching vibration adsorption band for alcoholic hydroxyl group (C-OH) (Yunchuan et al. 2011). In addition, the vibrations of adsorption band at 1240 and 532 cm −1 were confirmed as O-C-O scissoring and aromatic oxide stretching (Bayramoğlu and Arıca 2008). Therefore, as the result of comparing the spectra in the presence and absence of Cd, functional groups -OH, -CH, -NH 2 , and carboxyl on the surfaces Environ Sci Pollut Res of strains L1 and L3 might participate in the Cd adsorption process. ...
Characteristics and resistant mechanisms of macro-fungus endophytic bacteria to cadmium (Cd) have not been well defined. Strains L1 and L3 with Cd-resistant capacity were isolated from the fruiting body of Coprinus comatus, which were identified as Bacillus sp. Under the stress of Cd, the morphologies of both L1 and L3 changed to reduce the threat of Cd. The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry indicated that functional groups such as –OH, -COOH, and –NH2 participated in the Cd adsorption process. The contents of Cd adsorbed on the cell wall of L1 were 83.46–174.51% higher than that of L3. On the contrary, the contents of Cd accumulated in L1 cytoplasm were 38.77–74.77% lower than that of L3. As the level of Cd increased from 10 to 30 mg/L, the percentages of Cd distributed on the cell walls of L1 and L3 increased by 42.43% and 26.78%, respectively. The results also revealed that the contents of Cd absorbed by the sterilized strains L1 and L3 were 47.67–64.94% and 8.65–78.63% higher than that of living ones, respectively. In addition, the proline production of L1 was 23.75–109.68% higher than that of L3, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) production of L1 was 0.96–15.60% lower than that of L3. Thus, through the comparison of endophytic bacterial physiological responses, the possible characteristics and resistant mechanisms of macro-fungus endophytic bacteria under Cd stress were firstly reported.
