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FT-IR analysis of Carboxymethylated AH polysaccharide in Two different concentrations (a) – AI polysaccharide, (b) – CMAI-1, (c)- CMAI-2.
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In this study, gum polysaccharide of Azadirachta indica was extracted and purified. The obtained polysaccharide was subjected to TLC chromatography, spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and GC-MS analysis. The polysaccharide was found to have Glucose, Idosan, Allose, Galactose, Ribose and Xylose. The polysaccharide was not having anti...
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The demand for environmentally safe preservatives for wood is increasing all around the world. This study is focused on the evaluation of the ability of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil and copper-ethanolamine to protect Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna) and Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) against termites. Wood blocks were impregnated with s...
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... Plant gum exudates were dissolved in water at room temperature (25-30°C) and the contaminants were filtered out using muslin cloth. After that, the sample was centrifuged for 15 minutes at 10°C at 4500 rpm (Samrot et al., 2020). Ultimately, a transparent solution was acquired. ...
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Piper longum L. fruit and Acorus calamus L. rhizome powders in counteracting the Callosobruchus maculatus F. attacks on the mung bean. People frequently consume mung beans; thus, the insecticides, which are used to prevent seeds from infestations by storage pests, should be formulated in such a way that they can be readily removed from grains prior to cooking; for that reason, powdery formulations were selected. Neem plant (Azadirachta indica A.) gum was pulverized and incorporated as adjuvant according to weight. 100 g of mung bean seed lots were individually exposed to powdery formulations of 80%, 90% and 100% of P. longum and A. calamus, respectively and 100% of adjuvant, along with control. Consequently, five pairs of unsexed C. maculatus were introduced into eight treatments, with three replicates and laid out in the Completely Randomized Design. This experiment was designed to evaluate the adult survival, ovipositional capacity, adult emergence of the F1 and F2 generations and developmental period of C. maculatus, and weight loss in mung bean seeds. Simultaneously, qualitative analysis was done to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannin, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponin, and anthraquinone phytochemicals in selected botanicals. Data were subjected to the analysis of variance aided by SAS 9.4 version and means were separated by using the Duncan Multiple Range Test at the 5% significance level. According to the statistical analysis, mung beans treated with 100% A. calamus showed no survival of C. maculatus two days after treatment, whereas those treated with 90% A. calamus powdery pesticide showed 3.3% survival. Though minimum cumulative number of eggs was detected in 90% and 100% (11.0, 9.7) of A. calamus treated mung bean seeds, zero progeny development was observed until 60 days; therefore, no weight loss was detected on mung bean seeds. The study concluded that 90 and 100% of the powdery insecticides from A. calamus were efficacious in safeguarding the mung bean from C. maculatus.
... The carboxymethylated polysaccharide was utilised to create curcumin nanocarriers, which demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against MCF7 cancer cell lines despite lacking antibacterial activity. 24 The research explores the prospective of leaves for phenol adsorption in refineries and chemical industries. The study found that neem leaves can effectively remove 97.5% of phenol when the pH, dose, time, concentration, and temperature are controlled. ...
This review explains the therapeutic prospective of Azadirachta indica (Neem), a traditional medicinal tree in India, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Neem extracts have been found to have various therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antifertility, and antinociceptive properties. Recent research has shown neem’s potential as an antiviral agent, cancer treatment, and a source of antibiotic compounds. Neem oil nano hydrogel shows significant antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The plant also has the potential to mitigate heavy metal pollution and develop a model for predicting soil remediation using neem leaves. Neem’s inhibitory activity on papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 is also explored. Overall, neem’s therapeutic potential is significant and its potential in healthcare and environmental remediation is highlighted.
... The polysaccharide did not have antibacterial properties, but it did have antioxidant and cancer-fighting properties. The extracted polysaccharide was carboxymethylated and utilized to make a nanocarrier for the anticancer medication curcumin (Samrot et al., 2020). ...
Azadirachta indica constituents exhibit potential therapeutic role to control cancer progression. The potential anti-cancerous activity of neem extracts reduces cell propagation, migration, inflammation, and invasion. The current review describes the importance and effectiveness of neem extracts in different solvents against various cancers. Studies performed in different geographic locations from 2001 to 2021 were searched in Google, PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI. The relevant information has been retrieved, including the type of extracts, solvents, year of publication, and type of cancers. A total of 125 relevant studies published in different journals have been screened, among which the most commonly used neem part was leaf (n = 79), followed by seed (n = 18), flower (n = 10), oil (n = 10), bark (n = 10), roots (n = 6), fruit (n = 6), gum (n = 5), limonoids (n = 5), nimbolide (n = 4), stem (n = 4), xylem (n = 1), and as herb (n = 1). Similarly, the most commonly investigated cancer to be treated with the neem extract was breast cancer (n = 23), followed by cancerous cell lines (n = 21), prostate cancer (n = 11), and leukemia (n = 8). Most of the studies applied ethanol (n = 40) as a solvent for neem extraction, followed by methanol (n = 25), distilled water (n = 17), ethyl acetate (n = 6), Gibco Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (n = 4), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (n = 4), MTT assay (n = 3), acetone (n = 3), ether (n = 3), ethyl alcohol (n = 2), hexane (n = 2), glucose (n = 2), oxadiazol-2yl-benzothiazole (n = 2), and N-nitrosodiethylamine (n = 1). In conclusion, neem is an important medicinal plant with therapeutic potency against different types of cancer. However, its role has not been investigated widely in some cancers, including bone cancer, retinoblastoma, and oral cancer. Moreover, its potential role may be enhanced if nanocarriers are conjugated to prevent them from human enzymatic metabolism and for successful targeted delivery in cancer therapy.
... Nanotechnology is an emerging field that focuses on the design, characterization, manufacturing of devices, and systems by manipulating shape and size at the nanoscale [1]. Recent developments in nanotechnology and nanoscience find its application in various fields such as food technology, medicine, transportation, drug delivery, cosmetics, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Nanomaterials can interact with cells and the milieu in a way that their chemically identical, larger biological counterparts cannot, and this is because of their exceedingly small size [7]. ...
Nanotechnology is used in a variety of scientific, medical, and research domains. It is significant to mention that there are negative and severe repercussions of nanotechnology on both individuals and the environment. The toxic effect of nanoparticles exerted on living beings is termed as nanotoxicity. Nanoparticles are synthesized by various methods such as chemical, biological, physical, etc. These nanoparticles’ nanotoxicity has been observed to vary depending on the synthesis process, precursors, size of the particles, etc. Nanoparticles can enter the cell in different ways and can cause cytotoxic effects. In this review, the toxicity caused in the reproductive system and the role of the antioxidants against the nanotoxicity are briefly explained.
... Gum mimba (Azadirachta indica) adalah salah satu bagian tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai agen antioksidan karena memiliki kandungan polisakarida yang tinggi meliputi glukosa, arabinosa, fukosa, manosa, xilosa, dan asam uronat (Samrot et al., 2020). Gum mimba yang merupakan eksudat alami dari kulit batang mimba ini memiliki rasa manis dan mudah dicerna sehingga dijadikan sebagai pelapis obat dalam bidang farmasi (Dashtdar et al., 2016;Ketkar et al., 2005;Kulkarni et al., 2013). ...
Diazinon is the most commonly used pesticide in Indonesia. It may increase the production of free radicals that triggers the lipid peroxidation process which will produce the final product, MDA, which can damage cells and tissues, especially the kidneys. Neem gum with its high polysaccharide is a good antioxidant agent to neutralize free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of neem gum administration to prevent the increase in kidney MDA levels of wistar rats induced by diazinon. Thirty wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, K0 (given cornoil), K1 (induced DZN 40 mg/kgBW), groups P1, P2, P3, and P4, administered with neem gum as a drinking water at a dose 3.75 g/kgBW, 7.5 g/kgBW, 15 g/kgBW, and 30 g/kgBW and induced by DZN 40 mg/kgBW. The treatment was carried out for 8 days, in which diazinon induction and neem gum solution were administered simultaneously. The average renal MDA levels are K0=20.85±1.10; K1=26.98±5.87; P1=26.84±3.75; P2=21.43±3.44; P3=20.23±3.27; P4=21.99±1.70. One Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The LSD posthoc test showed a significant difference in the treatment groups P2, P3, and P4 compared to the K1 group (p<0.05). This shows that the neem gum solution at a dose of 7.5 g/kgBW, 15 g/kgBW, and 30 g/kgBW can prevent the increase of kidney MDA level in wistar rats induced by diazinon. Keywords: Pesticide, oxidative stress, Antioxidant, Neem gum
... shows the absorption spectra for Ni(OH) 2 @Mn 3 O 4 -NC, and chia-seed extract in the range 200-700 nm. The absorption spectrum of the chia-seed extract shows peaks at 280 and 320 nm that are assigned to the C=O group of glucose and protein contents of chia-seed extract, respectively [30]. The Ni(OH) 2 @Mn 3 O 4 -NC UV-Vis spectrum shows a more linear spectrum in the range 250-350 nm and this could be because of the existence of Ni(OH) 2 , which decreases the light-illuminating properties of the nanocomposite [25,26]. ...
In the present work, the facile eco-friendly synthesis and evaluation of the anti-tumor activity of Ni(OH)2@Mn3O4 nanocomposite were carried out. The synthesis of Ni(OH)2@Mn3O4 nanocomposite from chia-seed extract was mediated by sonication. The obtained materials were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. The results of XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, FT-IR, and UV-Vis analysis indicate the successful manufacturing of a crystalline, cactus-type Ni(OH)2@Mn3O4 nanocomposite of 10.10 nm average particle size. XPS analysis confirms that the synthesized materials consist mainly of Ni2+, Mn2+, and Mn3+. The antitumor activity of the nanocomposite was tested against a breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. The results showed Ni(OH)2@Mn3O4 nanocomposite possesses insignificant cytotoxicity. The cell-death percentage was 34% at a 100 ppm concentration of Ni(OH)2@Mn3O4 nanocomposite. The obtained results imply that the synthesized nanocomposite could be suitable and safe for drug delivery and water treatment.
... The precipitated polysaccharide was collected and dried at 40 • C temperature in a hot air oven for the removal of water from the polysaccharide until a constant weight was achieved. The dried NGP was powdered and stored in an air-tight container [10,11]. ...
... The FTIR results of NGP, PVA, and G14 (CL) were shown in Fig. 4. The FTIR spectra of PVA show an absorption peak at 3325 cm − 1 due to the O -H stretching vibration, peak at 2937 cm − 1 due to C -H stretching vibration, peak at 1419 cm − 1 due C--O carbonyl stretching, peak at 1245 due to C -H bending vibration of CH 2, peak at 1088 is due to C -H deformation vibration [26]. In the FTIR spectra of NGP, a broad peak appears at 3360 cm − 1 stipulating -OH stretching, a small peak at 2909 cm − 1 suggests -CH stretching in the alkyl group, peak at 1632 cm − 1 suggests C--O carbonyl stretching and the peak at 1062 cm − 1 designates C-O-C esters [11]. The FTIR spectra of G14 (CL) show a broad peak at 3305 cm − 1 due to the -OH stretching, at 2921 cm − 1 due to the presence of C-H stretching of alkane, at 1714 cm − 1 due to the presence of C--O carbonyl stretching, at 1245 cm − 1 due to C -H bending vibrations of CH 2 and at 1068 cm − 1 due to the presence of primary alcohol. ...
Modern-day treatment demands scarless wound healing utilizing scaffolds in the form of nanofiber mats which are tissue and environment-friendly. Neem gum polysaccharide (NGP) in conjugation with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the form of nanofibers exhibits antimicrobial properties mimicking extracellular matrix for tissue growth. Different grades of nanofibers mats (NFM) were prepared by combining different ratios of NGP and PVA which were later crosslinked using glutaraldehyde vapors (25 % w/v in 0.5 M HCl), and optimized grade G14 exhibited maximum tensile strength with smooth surface morphology, hemocompatible properties, in-vitro biodegradability and antimicrobial action against S. aureus & E. coli. G14 was analytically characterized using different analytical techniques viz. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which indicated polymer-polymer compatibility. The surface hydrophobicity as detected using Optical contact angle (OCA) confirmed the hydrophobicity of NFM with increased glutaraldehyde vapor for crosslinking when compared to non-crosslinked NFM. Histopathology slides indicated G14 CL-NFM accelerated the wound healing in mice with dense collagen and fibroblasts when compared to control mice suggesting the tissue engineering potential of the prepared device.
... The latex extracts were characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography, UV-Visible spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis (SHIMADZU, QP2010 PLUS). Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S.aureus was performed and antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH assay 10 . ...
In this study, bioactivity and application of plant latex of Manilkara zapota in agriculture fields had been studied. Latex was collected, extracted and characterized with TLC, UV-Vis and GCMS analyses. Latex was also subjected for seed germination study, pot study and insecticidal activity. This latex was found to increase water holding capacity and soil porosity and soil structure was improved by latex. It was also inducing the root formation and enhances crop yields. It also shown insecticidal activity against mealy bugs.
... The absorption spectrum of chia seeds extract reveals two main peaks in the range of 250-350 nm. The peak centered at 280 nm could be assigned to the xylose and glucose content of chia extract [38] while the peak at 320 could be attributed to the protein content of the chia seeds extract [39]. Due to its weak light-harvesting characteristics, Ni(OH) 2 has more linear absorption spectra in both the UV and visible regions [40]. ...
... The absorption spectrum of chia seeds extract reveals two main peaks in the range of 250-350 nm. The peak centered at 280 nm could be assigned to the xylose and glucose content of chia extract [38] while the peak at 320 could be attributed to the protein content of the chia seeds extract [39]. Due to its weak lightharvesting characteristics, Ni(OH)2 has more linear absorption spectra in both the UV and visible regions [40]. ...
Theophrasite β-Ni(OH)2 nanocluster were fabricated via the sonochemical-assisted biogenic method using chia seeds extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The optical and morphological feature of the synthesized nanocluster was characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, FE-SEM-EDS, HR-TEM, DLS, XPS, and XRD analysis. According to FE-SEM and HR-TEM images of the synthesized materials, β-Ni(OH)2 nanocluster illustrates the hexagonal particle shape with an average size of 5.8 nm, while the EDS results confirm the high purity of the synthesized nanocluster. Moreover, the XRD pattern of the synthesized materials shows typical peaks that match the reference pattern of the Theophrasite form of β-Ni(OH)2 with a hexagonal crystal system. The XPS analysis illustrates that the prepared samples exhibit both Ni2+ and Ni3+ with the predominance of Ni2+ species. Additionally the in-vitro cytotoxic activity of β-Ni(OH)2 nanocluster is tested against the MCF7 cell lines (breast cancer cells). The MTT assay results proved that the synthesized β-Ni(OH)2 nanocluster has potent cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell lines (IC50: 62.7 μg/mL).
... Gum Acacia modesta was purchased from the local market of Gujrat city and authenticated from the Botany Department, University of Gujrat. The gum powder was mixed with water and allowed to swell for overnight [26]. A viscous solution was obtained, which was further stirred on a shaking incubator (Incu-Shaker™) for 6 h at room temperature. ...
In the present research, we developed zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) based surgical sutures for the accelerated wound healing process. Color change from transparent to dark, surface plasmon response with a peak at 270 nm and infra-red spectra with ZnO-bond stretches at 489.6831 cm⁻¹ confirmed the synthesis of NPs. Rod shape ZnO-NPs with an ideal size of 70 ± 03 nm were noted with uniform distribution. X-rays diffraction patterns revealed sharp peaks which was a clear indication of the crystalline nature of NPs. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis of synthesized nanoparticles reveals that the expected stoichiometric mass percent of zinc and oxygen is 77.55% and 22.45% respectively. Disc-diffusion antibacterial assay revealed that synthesized NPs hold good anti-bacterial potential against the Escherichia coli and Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Gum based ZnO-NPs coated suture revealed good tensile strength which is considered as a necessary parameter for suturing purposes. The designed suture showed excellent wound healing potential in Sprague-dawley rats through the incision wound model. Overall, in rats, rapid rate of epithelialization, wound contraction, mild inflammation and absence of any infection on the wounded site were recorded. Additionally, histopathology showed enhanced collagen fibers, fibroblast cells, lower inflammatory cells and rapid angiogenesis at healed tissues as compared to standard surgical treatment. Conclusively, the improved wound healing responses of the AM-ZnO-NPs were obtained due to the higher antibacterial activity of NPs.
