a-i. Asphondylia vitea: a-b, galls on Cayratia trifolia from the Philippines (Figs VIII-4 & VIII-6 of Uichanco (1919)); c, gall on C. trifolia from Indonesia (Fig. 636 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); d, palpus; e, first tarsomere; f, male terminalia (dorsoposterior); g, 6 th male flagellomere (only part of circumfila visible in type specimen); h, wing; i, tarsal claw of front leg with empodium. Insect drawings made from types reared in the Philippines.

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... falcaria (Felt) [Figs 2a-j] mon Islands, New Caledonia and north of New Zealand (Duke 1991), so Actilasioptera falcaria may have a wider distribution than currently known. DvLR & DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside ( Fig. 2 of Gagné & Law 1999); e-f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g-k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, ...

Context 2

... in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g-k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section ( Fig. 51c of DvLR & DvL 1910). Actilasioptera sp. [Figs 2k-n] Stefaniella falcaria Felt, 1921b: 141 (in ...

Context 3

... mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g-k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section ( Fig. 51c of DvLR & DvL 1910). Actilasioptera sp. [Figs 2k-n] Stefaniella falcaria Felt, 1921b: 141 (in ...

Context 4

... Female. Wing 1.7 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; R 5 two-thirds wing length, straight. Antennae with 12 flagellomeres, as in A. falcaria. Palpus [ Fig. 2k] 2-segmented; first segment twice as long as wide, constricted at basal third, with several setae; second segment one-third width and length of first, with single terminal seta; palpiger absent. Ovipositor retracted inside abdomen, so extent of its dorsoventral curvature, a character differentiating Actilasioptera spp. ( Gagné & Law ...

Context 5

... emergence, the pupal exuviae remain wedged in the exit holes on the underside of the gall. While the host was given as "Avicennia officinalis L." in DvLR & DvL (1910a) and Felt (1921b), DvL (1921) corrected the species to Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. var. intermedia (Griff.) Bakh. and provided a new, detailed illustration of the gall in Fig. 3 [Fig. ...

Context 6

... Male. Wing length 2.3 mm, width 1.0 mm. Antenna: scape 2x longer than wide, pedicel slightly wider than long, flagellomeres slightly progressively shorter [ Fig. 3g]. Palpus 3-segmented, division between second and third may be indistinct, segments progressively longer [Fig. 3d]. First tarsal segment with apicoventral spur short, robust, curved at basal third [Fig. 3e]. Tarsal claws robust, curved at midlength, empodia as long as claws, pulvilli minute [Fig. 3f]. Gonostylus as wide as long in ...

Context 7

... Uichanco (1919) reared the type specimens in the Philippines from leaf galls on Callicarpa erioclona Schauer (gall No. 18147, Plate X Fig. 2 [Fig. 3a]) and described the gall as about 30 mm, width 15 mm, thickness 16 mm, polythalamous, consisting of an enlargement of the midrib and forming with the atrophied leaf lamina a single mass of succulent tissue. The enlarged portion is tomentose, concave above and convex on the nether surface. The petiole, usually the leaf apex, and a small ...

Context 8

... concolorous with the normal short pubescence of the plant. Larval chambers are subellipsoid, their size variable and arranged irregularly in close proximity to the upper, concave surface. The deformation is confined to younger, subterminal leaves. Galls were abundant at the type locality and present most of the year (Uichanco 1919). DvL (1921, Fig. 8 [Fig. 3c]) and DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1291 Fig. 927 [Fig. 3b]) reported a similar gall on Callicarpa longifolia from several localities in Indonesia. The insects reared from the Indonesian galls were examined by Felt who considered them conspecific with the insects from the Philippine galls (Felt 1921b;DvLR & DvL ...

Context 9

... plant. Larval chambers are subellipsoid, their size variable and arranged irregularly in close proximity to the upper, concave surface. The deformation is confined to younger, subterminal leaves. Galls were abundant at the type locality and present most of the year (Uichanco 1919). DvL (1921, Fig. 8 [Fig. 3c]) and DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1291 Fig. 927 [Fig. 3b]) reported a similar gall on Callicarpa longifolia from several localities in Indonesia. The insects reared from the Indonesian galls were examined by Felt who considered them conspecific with the insects from the Philippine galls (Felt 1921b;DvLR & DvL ...

Context 10

... 1000m, vi-1916Cadas Malang, near Cibeber, alt. 1000m, iv-1917Mt Gede, Cibodas, alt. 1500m, ix-1918Pesewahan, south of Cibadak, near Bogor, alt. 600 m, viii-1918;Mt Ungaran, alt. 1200m, xi-1919Wanayasa, near Purwakarta, alt. 1000m, vii-1920and in Sumatra at Rimbo Pengadang vi-1916. Uichanco (1919)); b, gall on Callicarpa longifolia from Java ( Fig. 927 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); c, gall on Callicarpa longifolia from Java ( Fig. 8 of DvL 1921); d, male palpi; e, male first tarsal segment; f, male last tarsal segment with claw, empodium and pulvillus; g, male antenna; h, gonostylus in posterodorsal view; i, female palpi; j, female wing; k, female antenna (within pupal exuviae); l, end of ...

Context 11

... alt. 1500m, ix-1918Pesewahan, south of Cibadak, near Bogor, alt. 600 m, viii-1918;Mt Ungaran, alt. 1200m, xi-1919Wanayasa, near Purwakarta, alt. 1000m, vii-1920and in Sumatra at Rimbo Pengadang vi-1916. Uichanco (1919)); b, gall on Callicarpa longifolia from Java ( Fig. 927 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); c, gall on Callicarpa longifolia from Java ( Fig. 8 of DvL 1921); d, male palpi; e, male first tarsal segment; f, male last tarsal segment with claw, empodium and pulvillus; g, male antenna; h, gonostylus in posterodorsal view; i, female palpi; j, female wing; k, female antenna (within pupal exuviae); l, end of ovipositor in ventral view; m-o, anterior part of pupa: m, o, ventral; n, ...

Context 12

... Gianyar, Bali on C. annuum (18-iii-2004); Kubang, Guguak district, West Sumatra on C. annuum (1-x-2001(1-x- ) (Uechi et al. 2016. Plant infestation by A. capsicicola in Bogor area, Indonesia, reached 41% in 2005, suggesting that a potential outbreak of this species could cause severe crop damage (Maryana et al. (2006), as Asphondylia sp.). (Fig. 637 of DvLR & DvL (1926)). Figs 4d-e. Asphondylia yushimai (photos by Atsushi Kikuchi, Hiroshima, Japan, October 2007): d, pupal exuviae in infested pod of Glycine max; e, damage of pod of G. max. [Figs 5a-g] Asphondylia ixora Felt, 1927b: 388. Material examined. Syntypes, 2 females reared by DvL 20-v-1923 Male, pupa, larva unknown. ...

Context 13

... is consistent with the date in DvLR & DvL (1926). Larva unknown. remarks. A fruit gall on Leea sambucina Willd. in Gabon, Africa was identified by Houard (1923) as caused by A. leeae, but his accompanying figures 1107 and 1108 show irregular, lumpy galls that appear different from the regular, smooth gall of Felt's type series from Indonesia [ Fig. 6a]. Resolving this identification should depend on comparison between the gallmakers, so we are not including Gabon in the geographical distribution range of A. leeae. In Indonesia, undescribed gall midges were found feeding on Leea aequata L. and L. indica. These cause flower galls that are different from the fruit gall of Asphondylia ...

Context 14

... This species causes a fruit gall on Leea indica. DvLR & DvL (1914) describe and illustrate the gall (No. 443, Fig. 203 [Fig. 6a]). Normal fruit are depressed-spheroidal, about 10 mm wide and 7 mm high while galled fruits are substantially larger, pear-shaped to round, 15 mm wide and 20 mm long, the surface smooth and greygreen. The inside is composed of parenchymatic tissue and an irregular larval chamber in the ...

Context 15

... folded, one antenna with remaining 7, the other with 6 flagellomeres, and terminalia in posterior position. The pupa and the female inside it are well-preserved. One of the larvae is cleared, the other uncleared. FIgureS 7a-n. Asphondylia strobilanthi: a, galls on aerial root of Strobilanthes cernua, cross section of single gall at bottom right ( Fig. 9 of DvL (1921); b-e, male: b, gonostylus (posterior); c, first tarsal segment; d, last tarsal segment with claw, empodium and pulvillus; e, sixth and seventh flagellomeres; f-h, female: f, last tarsal segment with claw, empodium and pulvillus; g, last flagellomeres; h, end of needle-like protrusible part of ovipositor; i-k, larva: i, ...

Context 16

... Description based on specimen still inside its pupa. Flagellomeres 1-9 progressively slightly shorter, 10-12 progressively much shorter [ Fig. 7g], first flagellomere 5.5x longer than wide. Needle-like protrusible part of ovipositor slightly widened at terminus in ventral view [Fig. ...

Context 17

... Length 5 mm, thorax dark, abdomen dark yellow (Felt 1921b). Antennal horns long, triangular, serrate ventrally [Fig. 7m]. Frontal anterior horn robust, bilobed, lobes pointed; posterior horns absent [Fig. 7m]. Cephalic papillae minute [ Fig. 7m] Prothoracic spiracle unusually long, narrow, of constant width, trachea bulging, ending at basal fifth [Fig. 7l]. Abdominal dorsal spines simple, relatively small, arranged in sparse anterior field and dense posterior row, size of spines increasing posteriad [ Fig. ...

Context 18

... lobes pointed; posterior horns absent [Fig. 7m]. Cephalic papillae minute [ Fig. 7m] Prothoracic spiracle unusually long, narrow, of constant width, trachea bulging, ending at basal fifth [Fig. 7l]. Abdominal dorsal spines simple, relatively small, arranged in sparse anterior field and dense posterior row, size of spines increasing posteriad [ Fig. ...

Context 19

... [Fig. 7i]. Spatula broad, short-shafted; with two long, narrowly triangular teeth separated by distance 3x greater than their basal width; on either side with 2 pairs of lateral setose papillae; no pigmented area around shaft [Fig. 7j]. Terminal segment with anus positioned ventrocaudally and no terminal papillae visible on available specimens [Fig. ...

Context 20

... Asphondylia strobilanthi is unique among its Indonesian congeners for the narrow, widely separated lobes of the larval sternal spatula [ Fig. 7j], and, in the pupa, the long, tube-like prothoracic spiracle [ Fig. 7l], the two-lobed anterior frontal horn, the lack of posterior frontal horns [ Fig. 7m], and the ventrally serrated antennal horns [ Fig. 7m]. It can be separated from Indonesian congeners whose males are known by the prolonged gonostylus [ Fig. ...

Context 21

... Asphondylia strobilanthi is unique among its Indonesian congeners for the narrow, widely separated lobes of the larval sternal spatula [ Fig. 7j], and, in the pupa, the long, tube-like prothoracic spiracle [ Fig. 7l], the two-lobed anterior frontal horn, the lack of posterior frontal horns [ Fig. 7m], and the ventrally serrated antennal horns [ Fig. 7m]. It can be separated from Indonesian congeners whose males are known by the prolonged gonostylus [ Fig. ...

Context 22

... Asphondylia strobilanthi is unique among its Indonesian congeners for the narrow, widely separated lobes of the larval sternal spatula [ Fig. 7j], and, in the pupa, the long, tube-like prothoracic spiracle [ Fig. 7l], the two-lobed anterior frontal horn, the lack of posterior frontal horns [ Fig. 7m], and the ventrally serrated antennal horns [ Fig. 7m]. It can be separated from Indonesian congeners whose males are known by the prolonged gonostylus [ Fig. ...

Context 23

... Asphondylia strobilanthi is unique among its Indonesian congeners for the narrow, widely separated lobes of the larval sternal spatula [ Fig. 7j], and, in the pupa, the long, tube-like prothoracic spiracle [ Fig. 7l], the two-lobed anterior frontal horn, the lack of posterior frontal horns [ Fig. 7m], and the ventrally serrated antennal horns [ Fig. 7m]. It can be separated from Indonesian congeners whose males are known by the prolonged gonostylus [ Fig. ...

Context 24

... the larval sternal spatula [ Fig. 7j], and, in the pupa, the long, tube-like prothoracic spiracle [ Fig. 7l], the two-lobed anterior frontal horn, the lack of posterior frontal horns [ Fig. 7m], and the ventrally serrated antennal horns [ Fig. 7m]. It can be separated from Indonesian congeners whose males are known by the prolonged gonostylus [ Fig. ...

Context 25

... DvL (1921, Fig. 9 [ Fig. 7a]) described the gall on the aerial roots of Strobilanthes cernua, a plant that grows gregariously in virgin forests on mountain sides [of Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java]. Parts of the root develop above ground, which is where these were found, partly hidden under remains of leaves and patches of moss. They are galls of the bark, ...

Context 26

... DvL (1921, Fig. 9 [ Fig. 7a]) described the gall on the aerial roots of Strobilanthes cernua, a plant that grows gregariously in virgin forests on mountain sides [of Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java]. Parts of the root develop above ground, which is where these were found, partly hidden under remains of leaves and patches of moss. They are galls of the bark, whose shape is ...

Context 27

... Male. Wing [ Fig. 8h] 2.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide. Flagellomeres cylindrical with short necks, progressively longer, 6 th segment 3.5x longer than wide, 12 th 5x longer than wide; circumfila comprising four wavy longitudinal bands, Fig. 8i], those of the foreleg similarly shaped but not so robust as those of the mid and hindleg. Terminalia [ Fig. 8f]: ...

Context 28

... Male. Wing [ Fig. 8h] 2.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide. Flagellomeres cylindrical with short necks, progressively longer, 6 th segment 3.5x longer than wide, 12 th 5x longer than wide; circumfila comprising four wavy longitudinal bands, Fig. 8i], those of the foreleg similarly shaped but not so robust as those of the mid and hindleg. Terminalia [ Fig. 8f]: gonocoxite robust, gonocoxal apodemes long, separated distally; gonostylus twice as long as wide in posterior view, with merged, equally large distal teeth; cerci ovoid; lobes of hypoproct triangular, divided by shallow, ...

Context 29

... Male. Wing [ Fig. 8h] 2.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide. Flagellomeres cylindrical with short necks, progressively longer, 6 th segment 3.5x longer than wide, 12 th 5x longer than wide; circumfila comprising four wavy longitudinal bands, Fig. 8i], those of the foreleg similarly shaped but not so robust as those of the mid and hindleg. Terminalia [ Fig. 8f]: gonocoxite robust, gonocoxal apodemes long, separated distally; gonostylus twice as long as wide in posterior view, with merged, equally large distal teeth; cerci ovoid; lobes of hypoproct triangular, divided by shallow, narrow incision; aedeagus long, narrow, rounded ...

Context 30

... larva unknown. remarks. Felt (1918) stated that no gall description was associated with the type material of this species from Manila, but Uichano (1919, Figs 4 & 6 in Tab. VIII [Figs 8a, b]) described and photographed the gall of this species collected at Laguna, Luzon between viii and ix-1917. DvLR & DvL (1926, No 891, Fig. 636 [Fig. 8c]) reported and illustrated a petiole and stem gall from Cayratia trifolia in Java which they deemed "probably identical" to the gall described by Uichano (1919) and attributed to Asphondylia vitea Felt. Despite there being no insects available from this Javanese collection, we are including A. vitea in the Indonesian fauna because the ...

Context 31

... by Uichano (1919) and attributed to Asphondylia vitea Felt. Despite there being no insects available from this Javanese collection, we are including A. vitea in the Indonesian fauna because the same kind of gall occurs on the same host there. In Indonesia, Asphondylia viticola also occurs on the same host, but its galls are lopsided [see Fig. 4c], unlike those of A. vitea that are symmetrically developed around petioles and stems [Figs ...

Context 32

... DvLR & DvL (1926, No 891, Fig. 636 [ Fig. 8c]) describe the gall on Cayratia trifolia as oval or almost cylindrical outgrowths of the stem which is distended in all directions. All the tissues of the stem take part in the gall-formation. The surface is green, glabrous or pubescent, the wall succulent. The galls are 10-50 mm long and about 7 mm across, with larger ...

Context 33

... DvLR & DvL (1926, No 891, Fig. 636 [ Fig. 8c]) describe the gall on Cayratia trifolia as oval or almost cylindrical outgrowths of the stem which is distended in all directions. All the tissues of the stem take part in the gall-formation. The surface is green, glabrous or pubescent, the wall succulent. The galls are 10-50 mm long and about 7 mm across, with larger specimens ...

Context 34

... distribution. This species is known from the Philippines and Indonesia. In Indonesia it was found at Jrakah, near Semarang, Java, ii-1012 (DvLR & DvL 1926). Uichanco (1919)); c, gall on C. trifolia from Indonesia (Fig. 636 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); d, palpus; e, first tarsomere; f, male terminalia (dorsoposterior); g, 6 th male flagellomere (only part of circumfila visible in type specimen); h, wing; i, tarsal claw of front leg with empodium. Insect drawings made from types reared in the Philippines. [Figs 4b-c] Asphondylia viticola Kieffer & DvLR, 1910: ...

Context 35

... Galls were described by Kieffer & DvLR (1910), DvLR & DvL (1909b, Fig. 48 [Fig. 4b], young gall] and DvLR & DvL (1926, Fig. 637 [Fig. 4c], mature gall). Asphondylia viticola causes galls on stems and sometimes on leaf stalks of Causonis trifolia. Galls are brown, lopsidedly developed, 10-50 mm long and 6-12 mm wide, the infested part of the stem is often curved, inside are one to several larval chambers. The gall is ...

Context 36

... Galls were described by Kieffer & DvLR (1910), DvLR & DvL (1909b, Fig. 48 [Fig. 4b], young gall] and DvLR & DvL (1926, Fig. 637 [Fig. 4c], mature gall). Asphondylia viticola causes galls on stems and sometimes on leaf stalks of Causonis trifolia. Galls are brown, lopsidedly developed, 10-50 mm long and 6-12 mm wide, the infested part of the stem is often curved, inside are one to several larval chambers. The gall is succulent and covered with a red-brown corky layer. ...

Context 37

... d, 5 th flagellomere; e, terminalia (lateral; arrows indicate aedeagus (ae), cercus (ce), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus, (gs), hypoproct (hy)); f, first tarsomere; g, last tarsomere; h, tarsal claw of midleg with pulvillus and empodium; i-k, female: i, terminalia (lateral); j, basal part of antenna; k, 9 th flagellomere; l, galls on Smilax modesta (Fig. 59 of DvLR & DvL ...

Context 38

... Male. Length 3 mm (Felt 1927a), wing length 3.3 mm (3.3-3.4), width 1.4 mm (1.3-1.5). Antenna: scape slightly longer than wide, pedicel 1.5x wider than long, fifth flagellomere 2.5x longer than wide [Fig. 9c]. Palpus as in Fig. 9b. Last tarsal segment 10x longer than wide at midlength [Fig. 9g]; tarsal claws pectinate, bent at acute angle at basal third; empodia as long as bend in claws; pulvilli one-third length of empodia [Fig. ...

Context 39

... Male. Length 3 mm (Felt 1927a), wing length 3.3 mm (3.3-3.4), width 1.4 mm (1.3-1.5). Antenna: scape slightly longer than wide, pedicel 1.5x wider than long, fifth flagellomere 2.5x longer than wide [Fig. 9c]. Palpus as in Fig. 9b. Last tarsal segment 10x longer than wide at midlength [Fig. 9g]; tarsal claws pectinate, bent at acute angle at basal third; empodia as long as bend in claws; pulvilli one-third length of empodia [Fig. ...

Context 40

... pupa unknown. Biology. This species induces a mass of small, round leaf galls on Smilax modesta (Smilacaceae), described and illustrated by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 103 Fig. 59 [Fig. 9l]). Affected leaves are entirely deformed except the apices that remain normal. Individual galls are small, approximately spherical and hard. They occur closely together in groups of 40-50, causing the leaf to thicken and bend. Galled leaves are only about 20 mm long while the normal leaves are about 100 mm in ...

Context 41

... e, gonostylus (posterior). Figs 10f-m. Bruggmanniella bursaria: f, gonostylus (dorsal); g, male last tarsal segment with claw and empodium; h, male first tarsal segment; i, male last 6 flagellomeres; j, female palpus; k, ovipositor (lateral); l, apex of ovipositor (lateral); m, female last six flagellomeres; n, gall on Symplocos fasciculata ( Fig. 877 of DvLR & DvL (1926)). Arrows indicate hypertrophic bark tissue (hb), apex tube containing larval chamber (tl), single gall ...

Context 42

... for the preoccupied Diceromyia Felt, shows no close affinity to the type species A. vernoniae (Felt) that causes an undescribed gall on Vernonia lancifolia Merr. (Asteraceae) in the Philippines (Felt 1918). That species has a single, bifurcate gonostylar tooth with two greatly uneven points, one of them twice the length of the other (Gagné 1969, Fig. 4). Known only from the male, B. orientalis could fit in either Bruggmanniella or Pseudasphondylia, genera defined on the basis of larval and pupal characters (Gagné 1994;Elsayed, pers. comm.). We elect to place A. orientalis in Bruggmanniella, the older name of the two ...

Context 43

... apex, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork. Tarsal claws simple, empodia a bit shorter than claws. Terminalia with cerci concave apically; hypoproct longer than cerci, slender at base, widening and ovoid distally; aedeagus narrow, longer than hypoproct; gonostylus elongate, narrow and bowed [ Fig. 17o]. DvLR & DvL (1926)); n, last two male flagellomeres (Fig. 8 of Kieffer & DvLR (1910)); o, terminalia (dorsal, Fig. 9 of Kieffer & DvLR ...

Context 44

... empodia a bit shorter than claws. Terminalia with cerci concave apically; hypoproct longer than cerci, slender at base, widening and ovoid distally; aedeagus narrow, longer than hypoproct; gonostylus elongate, narrow and bowed [ Fig. 17o]. DvLR & DvL (1926)); n, last two male flagellomeres (Fig. 8 of Kieffer & DvLR (1910)); o, terminalia (dorsal, Fig. 9 of Kieffer & DvLR ...

Context 45

... lobe. The superior lobe is 7.5 to 9.5 mm long and 5 mm wide, the inferior lobe 7 to 9.5 mm long and 5.5 to 7 mm wide, and 4 to 5.5 mm thick. DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 867, Fig. 622 [Fig. 19d]) found the galls to be common on Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. in Indonesia. Their description agrees in all particulars with that of Uichanco (1919). (Fig. 622 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); e, wing; f, tarsal claw with empodium; g, female postabdomen from tergite 6 (lateral); h, 3 rd female flagellomere; i, palpus; j, end of ovipositor (lateral). Arrow indicates dorsolateral ...

Context 46

... are two other types of globular leaf galls induced by Cecidomyiidae on L. indica in Indonesia (DvLR & DvL (1926) -a round, hairy gall on the leaf's upper side (gall No. 868, Fig. 623) and a fusiform, glabrous leaf ribgall visible on both sides of the leaf (gall No. 869, Fig. 624), but the gall makers were not ...

Context 47

... are two other types of globular leaf galls induced by Cecidomyiidae on L. indica in Indonesia (DvLR & DvL (1926) -a round, hairy gall on the leaf's upper side (gall No. 868, Fig. 623) and a fusiform, glabrous leaf ribgall visible on both sides of the leaf (gall No. 869, Fig. 624), but the gall makers were not ...

Context 48

... without occipital protuberance, frons with setae. Flagellomeres 12, first and second not fused, binodal in both sexes, bearing one whorl of looped circumfila on basal and two whorls on distal node, loops longer in male than in female on which the two circumfila on distal node connected by single vertical band [Figs 20m, o, q, s]. Palpus 3-segmented [Fig. ...

Context 49

... the two circumfila on distal node connected by single vertical band [Figs 20m, o, q, s]. Palpus 3-segmented [Fig. 20l]. Wing: R 5 joining C posteriad of wing apex; C weakened but not interrupted at juncture with R 5 ; R 1 slightly shorter than half wing length; Rs as stub on R 5 , closer to arculus than end of R 1 ; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork [Fig. 20k]. Tarsal claws simple, bent apically, empodia slightly shorter than claws [Fig. 20j]. Tergites with posterior and lateral setae, without scales. Male terminalia [ Fig. 20n]: gonocoxite cylindrical, without mesobasal lobes, densely covered with setae; gonocoxal apodomes merged basally; gonostylus with many long setae and setulose ...

Context 50

... but not interrupted at juncture with R 5 ; R 1 slightly shorter than half wing length; Rs as stub on R 5 , closer to arculus than end of R 1 ; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork [Fig. 20k]. Tarsal claws simple, bent apically, empodia slightly shorter than claws [Fig. 20j]. Tergites with posterior and lateral setae, without scales. Male terminalia [ Fig. 20n]: gonocoxite cylindrical, without mesobasal lobes, densely covered with setae; gonocoxal apodomes merged basally; gonostylus with many long setae and setulose basally, with short setae and carinate distally; cerci triangular, very short; lobes of hypoproct broad, incised apically, with rounded lobes, no longer than cerci,; aedeagus ...

Context 51

... 1.8 mm wide. Flagellomeres: third 3x longer than wide, segments cylindrical at basal part of antenna becoming binodal distally Biology. This species causes leaf galls on Pandanus nitidus Kurz (Pandanaceae) (host plant identified by C. A. Backer, the botanist of the Java Flora, see Felt (1921c) and Leefmans (1921). DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 49, Fig. 27 [Fig. 20b]), found the same gall but corrected the host plant name to Pandanus furcatus Roxb. While both plant names are valid, the main distribution of P. nitidus is confined to Java whereas P. furcatus occurs between Thailand, Sri Lanka and Nepal, and we consider the original diagnosis as the likely correct one. Leefmans (1921, Plates IX-XI, ...

Context 52

... 27 [Fig. 20b]), found the same gall but corrected the host plant name to Pandanus furcatus Roxb. While both plant names are valid, the main distribution of P. nitidus is confined to Java whereas P. furcatus occurs between Thailand, Sri Lanka and Nepal, and we consider the original diagnosis as the likely correct one. Leefmans (1921, Plates IX-XI, [Fig. 20a]) describes the gall and its development as follows. Galls are oval, up to 5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, occurring on both sides of the leaf, with a circular [emergence] hole, 1.5-2.5 mm in diameter, at the ...

Context 53

... adult emergence, both membranes are penetrated by the pupa. The pupae were found to be parasitized by a chalcid (Leefmans 1921, Plate XII Figs 6, 7). geographical distribution. ...

Context 54

... Java: Cibodas, Mt Gede, alt. 1450 m, vii-1919 (Leefmans 1921, host P. nitidus); Mt Ungaran, alt. 1000m, xii-1909Mt Salak, alt. 1000m, vii-1920 ii-1917;(all DvLR & DvL 1926, host P. furcatus). Additionally, the galls were found and larvae, pupae and an adult were collected by Melinda Agustina and Purnama Hidayat (IPB University (pers. comm., [Fig. 20c])) at Mt Gede and Mt Salak, Java, between February and April 2018. Description. Based on Barnes (1935) and Harris (1968). Male. Length about 1 mm. Flagellomeres 12, binodal, first and second fused, basal node about as long as distal, internode and neck about as long as nodes, circumfila looped, bifilar, with third, posterior, whorl ...

Context 55

... Lestodiplosis lacciferi has bifilar, instead of trifilar, male flagellomeres, unique in the genus, a wide, angular, mesally-setulose, mesobasal gonocoxal lobe, and flattened aedeagal apex [as in Fig. 21d]; Lestodiplosis oomeni has a merely low, convex mesobasal gonocoxal lobe, a gonostylus thinnest at midlength and an apically bulbous aedeagus [Fig. 22c]; and Lestodiplosis syringopais has an acutely triangular gonocoxal lobe, a thin, tapered gonostylus and slender, cylindrical, apically-rounded aedeagus [ Fig. 23j]. Females of these three species were described well enough to differentiate only L. oomeni. Larvae are unknown for L. ...

Context 56

... flattened aedeagal apex [as in Fig. 21d]; Lestodiplosis oomeni has a merely low, convex mesobasal gonocoxal lobe, a gonostylus thinnest at midlength and an apically bulbous aedeagus [Fig. 22c]; and Lestodiplosis syringopais has an acutely triangular gonocoxal lobe, a thin, tapered gonostylus and slender, cylindrical, apically-rounded aedeagus [ Fig. 23j]. Females of these three species were described well enough to differentiate only L. oomeni. Larvae are unknown for L. ...

Context 57

... additional to those of the eight terminal papillae. In L. syringopais the head is acutely triangular with antennae shorter than head width, the outer pair of dorsal papillae have setae that are much longer than the two inner pairs, and the terminal segment has six papillae with or without setae [possibly broken off] and no additional vestiture [ Fig. 23q]. Biology. Type specimens were collected and reared from a population preying on the purple tea mite Calacarus carinatus (Green) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) that was feeding on the tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) in Java (Harris 1982). Additionally, the larvae were observed preying on the pink tea mite Acaphylla theae (Watt) (Acarina: ...

Context 58

... Little is diagnostic for the larva, also, although the drawing of the head appears remarkably more accurate than any other part of the body. [Fig. 23n]. Other than that, characters that may be diagnostic are: outer pair of dorsal thoracic papillae have long setae and two middle pairs much shorter [Figs 23o, p]. The terminal segment shows 6 or 8 papillae but without the usual setae, which could have broken off [Fig. ...

Context 59

... the head appears remarkably more accurate than any other part of the body. [Fig. 23n]. Other than that, characters that may be diagnostic are: outer pair of dorsal thoracic papillae have long setae and two middle pairs much shorter [Figs 23o, p]. The terminal segment shows 6 or 8 papillae but without the usual setae, which could have broken off [Fig. ...

Context 60

... (Cecid. 525-534), same data as holotype. Other material: males (Cecid. 8494-8498), females (Cecid. 8499-8500), Barnes collection (BMNH), same data as holotype. We have not seen this material. Female. Length about 1.2 mm. Flagellomeres 12, first and second fused, consisting of cylindrical node and short neck, slightly shorter than in male [ Fig. 24j]. Ovipositor: short, barely protrusible; cerci separate, ovoid in lateral view; hypoproct 2/3 length cerci; 10th sternite in form of large, setose lobe, pointed distally in lateral view [ Fig. ...

Context 61

... Female. Length about 1.2 mm. Flagellomeres 12, first and second fused, consisting of cylindrical node and short neck, slightly shorter than in male [ Fig. 24j]. Ovipositor: short, barely protrusible; cerci separate, ovoid in lateral view; hypoproct 2/3 length cerci; 10th sternite in form of large, setose lobe, pointed distally in lateral view [ Fig. ...

Context 62

... Adult. Wing with R 5 straight, joining C slightly behind wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5 ; Rs not present; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork [Fig. 25a]. Flagellomeres 12; in male foreshortened with two indistinct nodes, proximal node with one, distal with two whorls of circumfila, all with loops shorter than distance between them, internode partially setulose [Fig. 25b] : gonostylus broad, basal 2/3 asetose and setulose, distal third with sparse, short setae and no setulae, tooth set ...

Context 63

... R 5 straight, joining C slightly behind wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5 ; Rs not present; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork [Fig. 25a]. Flagellomeres 12; in male foreshortened with two indistinct nodes, proximal node with one, distal with two whorls of circumfila, all with loops shorter than distance between them, internode partially setulose [Fig. 25b] : gonostylus broad, basal 2/3 asetose and setulose, distal third with sparse, short setae and no setulae, tooth set at strong angle to shaft, large, weakly sclerotized, carinate, with scattered short setae; aedeagus narrow in lateral view, about as long as cerci and hypoproct, recurved dorsally, rounded apically, with apical asetose ...

Context 64

... c, terminalia (mesolateral); d, gonostylus (ventral); e, gonostylus (dorsal); f, claw and empodium; g, palpus; h-k, female: h, palpus; i, 3 rd flagellomere; j, ovipositor (lateral); k, cercus and hypoproct (lateral); l-m, pupa: l, antennal horns and cervical papillae (ventral); m, prothoracic spiracle; n, aerial root gall on Freycinetia imbricate (Fig. 24 of DvLR & DvL ...

Context 65

... [Figs, 25j, k] retractable, cerci round in lateral view, setose, setulose, with pair of prominent dorsoapical, thick, blunt setae much longer than surrounding setae; hypoproct about third length of cerci, rounded apically with pair of distal setae. Pupa with large antennal horns [ Fig. 25l], prothoracic spiracle long [ Fig. 25m]. ...

Context 66

... [Figs, 25j, k] retractable, cerci round in lateral view, setose, setulose, with pair of prominent dorsoapical, thick, blunt setae much longer than surrounding setae; hypoproct about third length of cerci, rounded apically with pair of distal setae. Pupa with large antennal horns [ Fig. 25l], prothoracic spiracle long [ Fig. 25m]. ...

Context 67

... Flagellomeres as for genus [Fig. 27e], last flagellomere with apical extension [ Fig. 27f]. Terminalia [Fig. 27d]: gonostylus short, strongly tapered, setulose except immediately next to distal tooth where carinate; cerci triangular, wide; hypoproct conical, slightly tapered; aedeagus narrow, as long as hypoproct, with several asetose sensilla on distal ...

Context 68

... gall midge causes a leaf sheath gall on Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase described by DvLR & DvL (1926) as Hymenachne indica Buese. (= Panicum indicum L), gall No 59, Fig 36. [ Fig. 27a]). ...

Context 69

... This gall midge causes a leaf sheath gall on Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase described by DvLR & DvL (1926) as Hymenachne indica Buese. (= Panicum indicum L), gall No 59, Fig 36. [ Fig. 27a]). The slender white or greenish gall tubes develop chiefly in the inflorescences. Leaf buds grow between the flowers in the axils of the leaves of the flower stalks and the leaf ends of these buds change into galls. The galls occur also in axillary buds on the main stems and side ...

Context 70

... Flagellomeres [ Fig. 28c] and terminalia [ Fig. 29e], generally as for ...

Context 71

... Flagellomeres [ Fig. 28c] and terminalia [ Fig. 29e], generally as for ...

Context 72

... Flagellomere [ Fig. 28d] as for genus. Pupa, larva unknown. remarks. This species appears similar to O. oryzae. It differs from O. difficilis Gagné, which causes similar galls on the same host plant in India, in the more strongly tapered gonostylus and the narrower hypoproct (Gagné ...

Context 73

... This species causes a leaf sheath gall on Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) described by DvLR &DvL (1926, gall No 52, Figs 29, 30) [Figs 28b, d]. Females deposit eggs on the upper surface of the leaves at night. ...

Context 74

... larvae penetrate the young leaves until they have reached the upper end of the growth tip where they live for some time. A number of axillary buds develop which grow into small stems. Leaf sheaths become enlarged and forced outward by the great number of buds, until a fusiform gall is produced, which is often somewhat laterally compressed [ Fig. 28b]. A leaf then develops from the primary axillary buds like a cylindrical case that encloses the larva, in this way forming a gall chamber. The leaf sheaths open at the top and the young twigs and galls emerge [ Fig. 28d]. An aperture is formed near the top of the gall from which the adult gall midge emerges. After some time, when the ...

Context 75

... forced outward by the great number of buds, until a fusiform gall is produced, which is often somewhat laterally compressed [ Fig. 28b]. A leaf then develops from the primary axillary buds like a cylindrical case that encloses the larva, in this way forming a gall chamber. The leaf sheaths open at the top and the young twigs and galls emerge [ Fig. 28d]. An aperture is formed near the top of the gall from which the adult gall midge emerges. After some time, when the larvae have pupated, all the axillary buds, both those in which a larva lives and the uninfected ones, begin to ...

Context 76

... Female. The only relevant descriptive characters given in Kieffer & DvLR (1910) are that the fly is large, 3.5 mm long, and has a 2-segmented palpus. Their single drawing of the two last flagellomeres is shown here [Fig. ...

Context 77

... pupa, larva unknown. Biology. Kieffer & DvLR (1910) and DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 64, Fig. 38) [Figs 26c] describe the gall as a hairy, 8 mm long and 3 mm wide, leaf sheath on Ottochloa nodosa (as Panicum trigonum Retz.) (Poaceae). The sheath does not grow into a long tube, but remains short, oval at base and pointed towards the tip. The leaf blade is often rudimentary at the top of the gall or totally missing [Fig. 26c]. Galls ...

Context 78

... Terminalia [ Fig. 29b]: generally agrees with Bogor specimens illustrated by Gagné [ Fig. ...

Context 79

... Terminalia [ Fig. 29b]: generally agrees with Bogor specimens illustrated by Gagné [ Fig. ...

Context 80

... Flagellomeres cylindrical, circumfila positioned in distal 2/3 of segment, consisting of some five transverse bands connected by longitudinal bands [Figs 29d, e]. ...

Context 81

... larva unknown. remarks. The BMNH specimens fit the original description of O. javanica in palpi, male flagellomeres and male terminalia [ Fig. 29g] but differ in the female circumfila not being reticulate [ Fig. 29f], a difference which cannot be resolved here. Felt (1917) identified Indian specimens from the same host plant as O. javanica, but the male terminalia as he described them have a short and much broader hypoproct exceeded in length by the aedeagus and thus probably ...

Context 82

... larva unknown. remarks. The BMNH specimens fit the original description of O. javanica in palpi, male flagellomeres and male terminalia [ Fig. 29g] but differ in the female circumfila not being reticulate [ Fig. 29f], a difference which cannot be resolved here. Felt (1917) identified Indian specimens from the same host plant as O. javanica, but the male terminalia as he described them have a short and much broader hypoproct exceeded in length by the aedeagus and thus probably represent a different species (Gagné ...

Context 83

... The leaf gall on cogon grass I. cylindrica was described in detail by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 60, Fig. II-5 [Fig. 29a]) and DvLR & DvL (1910a). The first stage of gall development while larvae are growing is superficially not obvious, but after pupation occurs the gall emerges from the center of the surrounding leaves and develops into a long, often curved, tube which is pointed at the tip. The galls are 4-20 cm long and about 3 mm in diameter, mostly ...

Context 84

... paralectotypes female and pupa, reared from leaf sheath gall on Oplismenus compositus P. Beauv., Bogor, Java, vi-1920, Felt type #a3152. The types are whole, cleared mounts on two separate slides, remounted by RJG, entire except for most circumfila being dissolved and mostly unrecognizable, and the 2 and 3 terminal male flagellomeres are missing. Fig. 30f]: gonocoxite narrow beyond bulbous base; gonostylus long, cylindrical, widened just proximad of tooth, setulose at basal 1/4, carinate beyond; cerci tapered caudally; hypoproct much longer than cerci, convex apically; aedeagus longer than and nearly as wide as hypoproct, conical apically, with asetose sensilla ...

Context 85

... Flagellomere nodes narrowed at basal third, circumfila slightly irregular [ Fig. 30j]. Tergum 10 with setae along caudal margin, cerci ovoid, setae narrower towards apex, thick sensory setae slightly longer than adjacent setae [Fig. ...

Context 86

... Flagellomere nodes narrowed at basal third, circumfila slightly irregular [ Fig. 30j]. Tergum 10 with setae along caudal margin, cerci ovoid, setae narrower towards apex, thick sensory setae slightly longer than adjacent setae [Fig. ...

Context 87

... This species causes a leaf sheath gall on Oplismenus compositus (Poaceae), described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 55, Figs 32, 33) [Figs 30a, b]. The leaf sheath of the youngest leaf is changed into a tube emerging among other, unchanged leaves [ Fig. 30a]. ...

Context 88

... This species causes a leaf sheath gall on Oplismenus compositus (Poaceae), described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 55, Figs 32, 33) [Figs 30a, b]. The leaf sheath of the youngest leaf is changed into a tube emerging among other, unchanged leaves [ Fig. 30a]. The leaf blade is developed though not quite normal at the end of the tube, and in this case the occurrence of the leaf blade is a feature of the gall, although that feature occurs occasionally with leaf sheath galls of other species. When older, the gall tube grows very quickly. There is a weak spot about a third of the total length ...

Context 89

... and in this case the occurrence of the leaf blade is a feature of the gall, although that feature occurs occasionally with leaf sheath galls of other species. When older, the gall tube grows very quickly. There is a weak spot about a third of the total length from the tip of the gall where the gall breaks in two, allowing the gall midge to emerge [Fig. ...

Context 90

... 2011); b, male terminalia (dorsal); c, 3 rd male flagellomere; d, 3 rd female flagellomere; e, female 10 th tergite and cerci (dorsolateral; arrow indicates pair of thick setae on cercus; Karawang, Java, Indonesia); f, female 10 th tergite (Cuttack, Odisha, India); g, claw and empodium; h, wing; i, female head; j, female flagellomeres 3-12. Fig. b from Harris & Gagné (1982), Figs c-f from Gagné (1985). [Figs 32a-k] Parallelodiplosis paspali Felt, 1921d: 92. Orseolia paspali (Felt): Gagné 1973: 507, new ...

Context 91

... This species causes a 10-15 cm long and 2 mm wide, tubular leaf sheath gall, similar to Orseolia oryzae, on Paspalum scrobiculatum L. (Poaceae) (DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 66, Fig. 40 [Fig. 32a]) and P. conjugatum P.J.Bergius (Gagné ...

Context 92

... (based on Kieffer & Cecconi (1906) and Harris (1966). Adult: Wing: 1.5-2.0 mm long, R 1 joining C at basal half, R 5 slightly curved, joining at near wing apex [ Fig. 33i]. palpus 4-segmented [Fig. 33g]. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; in male binodal, internode very short, each node with whorl of looped circumfila [Fig. 33f]; in female nodes cylindrical, not longer than wide, neck shorter than wide, circumfila simple. Tarsal claws according to Harris (1966) toothed on some, possibly all legs. Kieffer & ...

Context 93

... (based on Kieffer & Cecconi (1906) and Harris (1966). Adult: Wing: 1.5-2.0 mm long, R 1 joining C at basal half, R 5 slightly curved, joining at near wing apex [ Fig. 33i]. palpus 4-segmented [Fig. 33g]. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; in male binodal, internode very short, each node with whorl of looped circumfila [Fig. 33f]; in female nodes cylindrical, not longer than wide, neck shorter than wide, circumfila simple. Tarsal claws according to Harris (1966) toothed on some, possibly all legs. Kieffer & Cecconi (1906) recorded simple claws, but teeth in other Procontarinia spp. are very thin so conceivably were overlooked by them. Male terminalia: gonocoxite ...

Context 94

... long, narrow, cylindrical except for pronounced obtusely triangular mesobasal lobe; gonostylus narrow, curved medially; aedeagus long, evenly broad, bearing many asetose papillae; cerci ovate, well-separated; hypoproct slightly wider and much shorter than aedeagus, deeply bilobed [Figs 33d, h]. Ovipositor barely protrusible, cerci stout [ Fig. ...

Context 95

... 33a-i. Procontarinia matteiana: a-c, galls on Mangifera indica: a, Sicily, Italy (Kieffer & Cecconi 1906); b, Indonesia ( Fig. 577 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); c, South Africa ( Augustyn et al. 2013); d, male terminalia; e, female cerci; f, 5 th flagellomere; g, palpus; h, male terminalia (dorsal); i, wing. Figs d-e from Kieffer & Cecconi (1906), f-i from Harris ...

Context 96

... This species causes leaf galls on Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) (Kieffer & Cecconi (1906, Fig. 3 [Fig. 33a]), DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 801, Fig. 577 [Fig. 33b])). Tiny circular galls, about 1.5-2 mm across and 1 mm high, developed on both sides of the leaf or on young twigs. Galls are pale green at first [ Fig. 33c], later becoming pink and purple, finally black. Inside, there is a single larval chamber. The larva pupates in the gall ( Au- ...

Context 97

... This species causes leaf galls on Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) (Kieffer & Cecconi (1906, Fig. 3 [Fig. 33a]), DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 801, Fig. 577 [Fig. 33b])). Tiny circular galls, about 1.5-2 mm across and 1 mm high, developed on both sides of the leaf or on young twigs. Galls are pale green at first [ Fig. 33c], later becoming pink and purple, finally black. Inside, there is a single larval chamber. The larva pupates in the gall ( Au- gustyn et al. 2013). Procontarinia matteiana is a pest ...

Context 98

... This species causes leaf galls on Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) (Kieffer & Cecconi (1906, Fig. 3 [Fig. 33a]), DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 801, Fig. 577 [Fig. 33b])). Tiny circular galls, about 1.5-2 mm across and 1 mm high, developed on both sides of the leaf or on young twigs. Galls are pale green at first [ Fig. 33c], later becoming pink and purple, finally black. Inside, there is a single larval chamber. The larva pupates in the gall ( Au- gustyn et al. 2013). Procontarinia matteiana is a pest not only on the Indian subcontinent, where mango was first domesticated, but also in other countries of the world where it is cultivated now (Kolesik et al. ...

Context 99

... mango was first domesticated, but also in other countries of the world where it is cultivated now (Kolesik et al. 2017). Resistant mango varieties (Githure et al. 1998) and the presence of natural enemies (Sankaran 1988) are currently the major control strategies. geographical distribution. Procontarinia matteiana has been confirmed in Italy [ Fig. 33a], India, Indonesia, Mauritius, Réunion, Kenya and South Africa [ Fig. 33c] ( Gagné & Jaschhof 2017), and reported also from Oman, Trinidad and Iran (Kolesik et al. 2017). In Indonesia it was found in Java at the following localities (DvLR & DvL 1926): Mangkang, near Semarang, vii-1910;Candi, near Semarang, alt. 50 m, iii-1911;Mt Muria, ...

Context 100

... where it is cultivated now (Kolesik et al. 2017). Resistant mango varieties (Githure et al. 1998) and the presence of natural enemies (Sankaran 1988) are currently the major control strategies. geographical distribution. Procontarinia matteiana has been confirmed in Italy [ Fig. 33a], India, Indonesia, Mauritius, Réunion, Kenya and South Africa [ Fig. 33c] ( Gagné & Jaschhof 2017), and reported also from Oman, Trinidad and Iran (Kolesik et al. 2017). In Indonesia it was found in Java at the following localities (DvLR & DvL 1926): Mangkang, near Semarang, vii-1910;Candi, near Semarang, alt. 50 m, iii-1911;Mt Muria, alt. 500 m, ix- 1912;Bandung, alt. 600 m, vi-1916Bandung, alt. 600 m, vi- ...

Context 101

... 34a-j. Procontarinia robusta: a-b, galls on Mangifera indica: a, Java (Fig. 578 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b, Bali, Indonesia, 2013; c, wing; d, larval spatula; e, male 3 rd flagellomere; f, female 3 rd flagellomere; g, male last tarsomere; h, female terminalia (ventral); i, male terminalia (cerci omitted; dorsal); j, male cerci and hypoproct (dorsal). Figs c, e-j from Li et al. (2003), d from Cai et al. ...

Context 102

... straight, joining C at wing apex, R S fading towards R 1 , slightly closer to arculus than end of R 1 , M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork, wing fold visible [Fig. 34c]. Head: occipital protuberance present, short; palpus mostly 3-, sometimes 4-segmented; antennae with 12 flagellomeres. Tarsal claws toothed, curved at basal third, about as long as empodia [Fig. ...

Context 103

... Flagellomeres binodal, first and second not fused, internode very short, setose, neck shorter than nodes, asetose; each node with whorl of looped circumfila, equal in length, proximal loops reaching midlength of distal node, distal loops reaching end of neck [ Fig. 34e]. Terminalia [Figs 34i, j]: gonocoxite robust, without mesobasal lobe; gonostylus evenly tapered from wide base to very narrow apex, tooth small; cerci nearly fused mesally; hypoproct longer than cerci, shallowly incised, lobes with 2-3 distal setae; aedeagus long, wide, slightly tapered, a small notch apically, with several asetose papillae along ...

Context 104

... Antennal flagellomeres with cylindrical nodes, necks 1/5 node length, circumfila of two vertical and two horizontal, slightly arched bands [Fig. 34f]. Terminalia short; cerci stout, short, fused, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; hypoproct rounded in ventral view, with pair of setae [ Fig. ...

Context 105

... Antennal flagellomeres with cylindrical nodes, necks 1/5 node length, circumfila of two vertical and two horizontal, slightly arched bands [Fig. 34f]. Terminalia short; cerci stout, short, fused, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; hypoproct rounded in ventral view, with pair of setae [ Fig. ...

Context 106

... have been found in Java, Sumatra, Sebesi Island and Bali but the species is likely to occur through the whole Indonesian archipelago. Java: Salatiga, iii-1909;Semarang, viii-1912;Jakarta, v-1917;Cikam- pek, vi.1924;Mt Raté, Way Lima, Lampung;Sumatra, xi.1921;Sebesi Island, i.1922;(all by DvLR & DvL 1926);Ubud, Bali, 10-vi-2013 (Peter Kolesik , new record, [Fig. 34b]). [Figs 35a-j] Psephodiplosis rubi Kolesik, 2017, in Kolesik et al. ...

Context 107

... SAMA) reared from similar galls on Rubus moorei F. Muell. collected at Springbrook, Queensland, 28-ii & 8-xi- 2007 andLamington National Park, Queensland, 18.iv.2013. The presence of this species in Indonesia is speculated based on the occurrence of similar galls on the related Rubus moluccanus L. recorded by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 495, Fig. 346 [Fig. 35a]) (Kolesik et al. 2017). Rubus moluccanus occurs in South East Asia but also in Australia where its distribution range overlaps with those of R. nebulosus and R. moorei, the other hosts (Atlas of Living Australia ...

Context 108

... Adult (from Kolesik et al. 2017). Occipital protuberance absent. Palpus 1-segmented. Wing with R 5 curved to join C beyond wing apex, C with break at juncture with R 5 , R apparent. Tarsal claws toothed, strongly bent at basal third; empodia reaching bend in claws [Fig. ...

Context 109

... Flagellomeres binodal, with 1 circumfilum on basal node, 2 on distal [ Fig. 35g]. Terminalia [ Fig. 35j]: gonocoxite with small mesobasal lobe, apodemes separated at base; gonostylus setulose basally, carinate beyond, with comb-like tooth; aedeagus short, no longer than hypoproct, robust, with numerous asetose papillae; cerci widely separated, ovoid; hypoproct bilobed, with many ...

Context 110

... Flagellomeres binodal, with 1 circumfilum on basal node, 2 on distal [ Fig. 35g]. Terminalia [ Fig. 35j]: gonocoxite with small mesobasal lobe, apodemes separated at base; gonostylus setulose basally, carinate beyond, with comb-like tooth; aedeagus short, no longer than hypoproct, robust, with numerous asetose papillae; cerci widely separated, ovoid; hypoproct bilobed, with many ...

Context 111

... Flagellomeres cylindrical, circumfila bowed, with numerous connections along vertical strands [Fig. 35h]. Cerci ovoid, with long and short setae basally, blunt, thickened setae at midlength and much shorter, pointed setae apically [Fig. 35f]; hypoproct hemispherical, with several setae [Fig. ...

Context 112

... Flagellomeres cylindrical, circumfila bowed, with numerous connections along vertical strands [Fig. 35h]. Cerci ovoid, with long and short setae basally, blunt, thickened setae at midlength and much shorter, pointed setae apically [Fig. 35f]; hypoproct hemispherical, with several setae [Fig. ...

Context 113

... 35a-j. Psephodiplosis rubi: a, galls on Rubus moluccanus in Indonesia (Fig. 346 of DvLR & DvL (1926)), b, galls on Rubus moorei, c, galls on Rubus nebulosus, d, larval head through 1 st thoracic segment, e, pupal antennal horns (dorsal), f, end of ovipositor (ventrolateral), g, 6 th male flagellomere, h, 6 th female flagellomere, i, male tarsal claw with empodium, j, male terminalia (dorsal). Galls and insects in ...

Context 114

... Vertex with pair of short setae cervical papillae. Antennae greatly produced anteriorly, mesal edge unevenly serrate, with field of asetose papillae mesobasally [Fig. ...

Context 115

... Spatular tooth triangular, shaft undeveloped [ Fig. 35d]. Terminal segment with 6 short-setose ...

Context 116

... This species causes hairy spherical galls on Rubus nebulosus (Rosaceae) [ Fig. 35c], R. moorei [ Fig. 35b], R. moluccanus and R. alceifolius (Kolesik et al. 2017). Their appearance on R. moluccanus is as follows (DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 495, Fig. 346 [Fig. 35a]). Galls are produced on the leaf underside, are spheroid, 2-6 mm across and covered with a thick yellow-brown or gray hair. Their presence on the upperside ...

Context 117

... This species causes hairy spherical galls on Rubus nebulosus (Rosaceae) [ Fig. 35c], R. moorei [ Fig. 35b], R. moluccanus and R. alceifolius (Kolesik et al. 2017). Their appearance on R. moluccanus is as follows (DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 495, Fig. 346 [Fig. 35a]). Galls are produced on the leaf underside, are spheroid, 2-6 mm across and covered with a thick yellow-brown or gray hair. Their presence on the upperside of the leaf is marked ...

Context 118

... This species causes hairy spherical galls on Rubus nebulosus (Rosaceae) [ Fig. 35c], R. moorei [ Fig. 35b], R. moluccanus and R. alceifolius (Kolesik et al. 2017). Their appearance on R. moluccanus is as follows (DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 495, Fig. 346 [Fig. 35a]). Galls are produced on the leaf underside, are spheroid, 2-6 mm across and covered with a thick yellow-brown or gray hair. Their presence on the upperside of the leaf is marked only by the same brown hairs. On R. alceifolius galls appear not only on leaves but on leaf stalks (Kolesik et al. ...

Context 119

... instead of being evenly convex; and gonostylar teeth are solid in S. laporteae, missing in S. nodosa, and spiny and narrow in S. villebrunneae. Material examined. Syntypes, female, male and pupa, the male enclosed within the pupa, reared from a large swelling of the petiole or leaf base on Laportea stimulans Miq. (DvLR & DvL 1910b, gall No. 180, Fig. 74 [Fig. 36a]) at Mt. Ungaran, Java, 10-iv-1914, Felt type #a3088. The series is on a single slide. The female is nearly complete but palpi are lacking and the ovipositor is hidden because retracted into the end of the abdomen. The only observable male characters are part of the head including the palpi and the distal part of one ...

Context 120

... Adult. Wing with R 5 bowed at distal third, joining C at wing apex, R 1 shorter than half wing length, R S rudimentary, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork. Palpus 3-segmented [ Fig. 36h]. First tarsomere with small ventroapical lobe [ Fig. 36g]. Tarsal claws simple, robust, bent at distal third, longer than empodia [ Fig. ...

Context 121

... Adult. Wing with R 5 bowed at distal third, joining C at wing apex, R 1 shorter than half wing length, R S rudimentary, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork. Palpus 3-segmented [ Fig. 36h]. First tarsomere with small ventroapical lobe [ Fig. 36g]. Tarsal claws simple, robust, bent at distal third, longer than empodia [ Fig. ...

Context 122

... Adult. Wing with R 5 bowed at distal third, joining C at wing apex, R 1 shorter than half wing length, R S rudimentary, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork. Palpus 3-segmented [ Fig. 36h]. First tarsomere with small ventroapical lobe [ Fig. 36g]. Tarsal claws simple, robust, bent at distal third, longer than empodia [ Fig. ...

Context 123

... [specimen inside pupa]. Gonocoxite with triangular ventroapical lobe, bearing long setae at apex; gonostylus twice as long as broad in dorsal view, slightly curved, tapered distally, uniformly setulose, with solid, triangular tooth covering half width of gonostylus [ Fig. ...

Context 124

... 1.0 mm. Flagellomeres cylindrical with short necks, progressively shorter, the last abruptly so, first and second not fused; circumfila weakly bowed [Figs 36, l]. Postabdomen long, dorsobasal lobes not visible in type; tip of needle-like apex of ovipositor completely incorporating indistinguishable cerci, with 4-5 pairs of setae of mixed length [ Fig. ...

Context 125

... This species causes a swelling on petioles and the underside of leaf bases of Laportea stimulans (Urticaceae) (Felt 1921b;DvLR & DvL 1910b, gall No. 180, Fig. 74 [Fig. 36a]; DvLR & DvL 1926, gall No. 314, Fig. 221 [Fig. 36b]). The gall is irregularly spheroid, 30-50 mm long and 5-12 mm thick on the petioles but only 8-10 mm long and 5-7 mm thick when on the midrib. The surface is light green and often ...

Context 126

... Adult. Wing R 5 bowed at distal third, joining C at wing apex, R 1 shorter than wing half, R S rudimentary, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork. Palpus 4-segmented [Fig. 37m]. First tarsomere with small, straight ventro-apical lobe [Fig. 37j]. Tarsal claws simple, thin, bent at distal third, longer than empodia [ Fig. ...

Context 127

... Adult. Wing R 5 bowed at distal third, joining C at wing apex, R 1 shorter than wing half, R S rudimentary, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork. Palpus 4-segmented [Fig. 37m]. First tarsomere with small, straight ventro-apical lobe [Fig. 37j]. Tarsal claws simple, thin, bent at distal third, longer than empodia [ Fig. ...

Context 128

... 37a-p. Schizomyia nodosa: a, gall on Basilicum polystachyon (Fig. 947 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b-d, larva: b, head (ventral); c, spatula with adjacent papillae; d, cuticle of 7 th abdominal segment (ventrolateral); e-g, pupa: e, anterior segments (ventrolateral); f, prothoracic spiracle; g, 2 nd abdominal tergum (dorsolateral); h-k, male: h, terminalia (lateral); i, tarsal claw and empodium; j, first ...

Context 129

... Wing length 1.7 mm (1.7-1.8), width 0.6 mm. Flagellomeres 11 in both antennae of both available females, first and second fused, all with short necks, progressively shortened, with last flagellomere abruptly so, circumfila appressed to node [Figs 37n, p]. Ovipositor long, thin, flexible, with small dorsobasal lobe [Fig. 37l]; needle-like part about 6x longer than seventh sternite, bearing minute, medially appressed cerci visible, each with a single lateral seta [ Fig. ...

Context 130

... fused, all with short necks, progressively shortened, with last flagellomere abruptly so, circumfila appressed to node [Figs 37n, p]. Ovipositor long, thin, flexible, with small dorsobasal lobe [Fig. 37l]; needle-like part about 6x longer than seventh sternite, bearing minute, medially appressed cerci visible, each with a single lateral seta [ Fig. ...

Context 131

... Length 1.8 mm. Antennal bases not produced, face without horns [Fig. 37e]; prothoracic spiracle long, about 10x longer than basal width, trachea ending at apex [Fig. 37f]; abdominal segments anterodorsally with large spiny spicules, otherwise mostly evenly covered with short spicules, on each side of terga a pair of closely set asetose papillae [ Fig. ...

Context 132

... Length 1.8 mm. Antennal bases not produced, face without horns [Fig. 37e]; prothoracic spiracle long, about 10x longer than basal width, trachea ending at apex [Fig. 37f]; abdominal segments anterodorsally with large spiny spicules, otherwise mostly evenly covered with short spicules, on each side of terga a pair of closely set asetose papillae [ Fig. ...

Context 133

... Length 1.8 mm. Antennal bases not produced, face without horns [Fig. 37e]; prothoracic spiracle long, about 10x longer than basal width, trachea ending at apex [Fig. 37f]; abdominal segments anterodorsally with large spiny spicules, otherwise mostly evenly covered with short spicules, on each side of terga a pair of closely set asetose papillae [ Fig. ...

Context 134

... Length 2.1 mm. Spatula bilobed, lateral papillae comprising one pair of setose papillae and one triplet of two setose and one asetose papillae [Fig. 37c]; head with antennae 1.5x longer than wide at base, apodemes longer than head capsule [Fig. 37b]; cuticle of rounded verrucae throughout [ Fig. ...

Context 135

... Length 2.1 mm. Spatula bilobed, lateral papillae comprising one pair of setose papillae and one triplet of two setose and one asetose papillae [Fig. 37c]; head with antennae 1.5x longer than wide at base, apodemes longer than head capsule [Fig. 37b]; cuticle of rounded verrucae throughout [ Fig. ...

Context 136

... Length 2.1 mm. Spatula bilobed, lateral papillae comprising one pair of setose papillae and one triplet of two setose and one asetose papillae [Fig. 37c]; head with antennae 1.5x longer than wide at base, apodemes longer than head capsule [Fig. 37b]; cuticle of rounded verrucae throughout [ Fig. ...

Context 137

... nodosa is odd for this genus so might only be an aberration in this series. See under the heading of Schizomyia and under S. laporteae for characters that separate the three species of Schizomyia in Indonesia. Biology. This species causes a flower gall on musk basil, Basilicum polystachyon (Lamiaceae), described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1324 Fig. 947 [Fig. 37a]). The calyx and the corolla are inflated, spheroid, about 5 mm across and have a rough surface. Anthers are atrophied but the pistil is swollen, inside of which a larva lives in a small cavity. Often all the flowers of an inflorescence are ...

Context 138

... flagellomeres present in the lectotype. The second slide holds two pupae with all characters preserved, one containing a male, the other undifferentiated matter, and a larva mounted in lateral position with only spatula and posterior part of the head recognizable. Galls were illustrated in DvLR 1911, gall No. 247;DvLR & DvL (1926), gall No. 331, Fig. 237, [Fig. 38a]). Felt (1921b) suggested that this species was also responsible for two other leaf galls on the same host (see under remarks), for one of which he described a series of two females (#a3091). Felt did not label them as types and only tentatively assigned them to this species. We show that the females do not appear to belong to this ...

Context 139

... and S. nodosa, the two other species of the genus from Indonesia, see under the headings of Schizomyia and S. laporteae. The two females that Felt (1921b; specimens #a3091) only provisionally assigned to S. villebrunneae do not appear to fit this species because they have shorter tarsomeres and more robust and more strongly curved tarsal claws [ Fig. 38p]. For the record we show a palpus, a flagellomere, the end of the ovipositor and a tarsus [Figs 38m-q] of these females. Another reason we consider the females a separate Schizomyia species from S. villebrunneae is that they came from a different leaf gall [Fig. ...

Context 140

... (1921b) originally received from DvL three series of insects from three distinct kinds of gall on Oreocnide rubescens (Blume) Miq. (as Villebrunnea rubescens Bl. [note misspelling of Villebrunea]) [Figs 38a-c]. The first kind, from which the syntype series #a3092 was reared, is an oval, thickly haired gall [ Fig. 38a], 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm broad and about 4 mm high, attached by a short pedicel to veins on both sides of the leaf. ...

Context 141

... (1921b) originally received from DvL three series of insects from three distinct kinds of gall on Oreocnide rubescens (Blume) Miq. (as Villebrunnea rubescens Bl. [note misspelling of Villebrunea]) [Figs 38a-c]. The first kind, from which the syntype series #a3092 was reared, is an oval, thickly haired gall [ Fig. 38a], 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm broad and about 4 mm high, attached by a short pedicel to veins on both sides of the leaf. The second kind [ Fig. 38b] is a large, spherical, thinly haired gall, 5-12 mm in diameter, attached by a very short pedicel to the leaf surface, and covered with thin, white, transparent, often pink hairs (DvLR & DvL 1926, ...

Context 142

... rubescens (Blume) Miq. (as Villebrunnea rubescens Bl. [note misspelling of Villebrunea]) [Figs 38a-c]. The first kind, from which the syntype series #a3092 was reared, is an oval, thickly haired gall [ Fig. 38a], 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm broad and about 4 mm high, attached by a short pedicel to veins on both sides of the leaf. The second kind [ Fig. 38b] is a large, spherical, thinly haired gall, 5-12 mm in diameter, attached by a very short pedicel to the leaf surface, and covered with thin, white, transparent, often pink hairs (DvLR & DvL 1926, gall No. 330 , Fig. 236). The third kind is a small, oval, glabrous gall, 4 mm long and 2.5 mm broad, situated on veins of the upper side of ...

Context 143

... first kind, from which the syntype series #a3092 was reared, is an oval, thickly haired gall [ Fig. 38a], 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm broad and about 4 mm high, attached by a short pedicel to veins on both sides of the leaf. The second kind [ Fig. 38b] is a large, spherical, thinly haired gall, 5-12 mm in diameter, attached by a very short pedicel to the leaf surface, and covered with thin, white, transparent, often pink hairs (DvLR & DvL 1926, gall No. 330 , Fig. 236). The third kind is a small, oval, glabrous gall, 4 mm long and 2.5 mm broad, situated on veins of the upper side of the leaf (DvLR & DvL 1926, gall No. 332, Fig. 238). ...

Context 144

... males of the first kind and females from the second, causing him to only provisionally assign the females to S. villebrunneae. DvL (1921) was not convinced that the three distinct galls were caused by the same gall midge, but DvLR & DvL (1926) listed all three kinds of galls as made by S. villebrunneae. We consider only the first kind of gall [ Fig. 38a] to be made by S. ...

Context 145

... As noted above, galls of S. villebrunneae [ Fig. 38a] develop on the veins of both sides of the leaf. Galls are oval, the surface is whitish, yellowish, but mostly dark red and covered with white hairlets. The single larval chamber is spherical and centered at the middle of each gall (DvLR & DvL ...

Context 146

... distribution. The known occurrence of all three gall types is confined to Java (Felt 1921b;DvLR & DvL 1926). We expect that each of the three galls will one day be proven to be caused by a different gall midge, so we list here their geographical distribution separately. The first kind from which the syntypes came [ Fig. 38a] was found at the following localities. Mt Ungaran, alt. 1000Ungaran, alt. m, xii-190913-iv-1914;Sekecer, near Weliri, alt. 100 m, x-1910;Cikadongdong, near Bandung, alt. 45 m, v-1915;Cisokan, near Cibeber, alt. 900 m, xii-1917;Mt Cibodas, Ciampea, near Bogor, alt. 300 m, iv-1919;Cianten, near Buitenzorg, alt. 400 m, viii-1924. ...

Context 147

... near Cibeber, alt. 900 m, xii-1917;Mt Cibodas, Ciampea, near Bogor, alt. 300 m, iv-1919;Cianten, near Buitenzorg, alt. 400 m, viii-1924. Additionally, this gall was found by Purnama Hidayat and Mahindra Dewi Nur Aisyah (IPB University (pers. comm.) at Naringgul, near Cianjur (7°21'6.15"S 107°7'8.87"E), alt. 252 m, 12-iv-2018. The second kind [ Fig. 38b] was found at the following localities. Mt Ungaran, alt. 600 m, xii -1909& v-1910alt. 1000m, 13-iv-1914Mt Andong, alt. 1200m, x-1911Mt Kelud, alt. 600 m, v-1912;Pateungteung, near Garut, alt. 1500m, xi-1918Mt Gede, Cibodas, alt. 1300m, xii-1914ii-1916;ix-1918;i-1919;Pangalengan, near Bandung, alt. 1400m, vi-1921. Additionally, this ...

Context 148

... m, v-1912;Pateungteung, near Garut, alt. 1500m, xi-1918Mt Gede, Cibodas, alt. 1300m, xii-1914ii-1916;ix-1918;i-1919;Pangalengan, near Bandung, alt. 1400m, vi-1921. Additionally, this gall was found at Mt Gede Pangrango National Park, Cianjur (6°44'52"S, 106°59'31"E), alt. 1591 m, 17-iv-2018 (Hidayat & Nur Aisyah, pers. comm.). The third kind [ Fig. 38c] was found at the following localities. Mt Ungaran, alt. 1000Ungaran, alt. m, ix-1910alt. 1400m, 14-iv-1914Cadas, Malang, near Cibeber, alt. 1200m, ix-1917Mt Salak, alt. 1200m, vii-1920 Stenodiplosis eragrostidis Felt, new combination [Figs 39a-g] Contarinia eragrostidis Felt, 1927b: 381. Material examined. Types: 9 males, 11 females ...

Context 149

... Bogor, Java [see DvLR & DvL (1941) for this locality], viii-1922. The type series is mounted on two slides, one with 4 males and 5 females, the other with 5 males and 6 females, all whole and uncleared. Most characters are well-preserved in at least one of the specimens, except for the male terminalia that are mostly shriveled in all the males. (Fig. 237 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b, galls of Schizomyia sp. (Fig. 236 of DvLR & DvL (1926)), c, galls of undetermined cecidomyiid (Fig. 238 of DvLR & DvL (1926)). Figs 38d-k. Schizomyia villebrunneae: d, larval spatula with associated papillae; e-i, male: e, tarsus; f, 3 rd flagellomere (damaged); g, palpus; h, last tarsomere; i, terminalia ...

Context 150

... The type series is mounted on two slides, one with 4 males and 5 females, the other with 5 males and 6 females, all whole and uncleared. Most characters are well-preserved in at least one of the specimens, except for the male terminalia that are mostly shriveled in all the males. (Fig. 237 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b, galls of Schizomyia sp. (Fig. 236 of DvLR & DvL (1926)), c, galls of undetermined cecidomyiid (Fig. 238 of DvLR & DvL (1926)). Figs 38d-k. Schizomyia villebrunneae: d, larval spatula with associated papillae; e-i, male: e, tarsus; f, 3 rd flagellomere (damaged); g, palpus; h, last tarsomere; i, terminalia (dorsal); j, pupal anterior segments (lateral); k, same, detail ...

Context 151

... 5 females, the other with 5 males and 6 females, all whole and uncleared. Most characters are well-preserved in at least one of the specimens, except for the male terminalia that are mostly shriveled in all the males. (Fig. 237 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b, galls of Schizomyia sp. (Fig. 236 of DvLR & DvL (1926)), c, galls of undetermined cecidomyiid (Fig. 238 of DvLR & DvL (1926)). Figs 38d-k. Schizomyia villebrunneae: d, larval spatula with associated papillae; e-i, male: e, tarsus; f, 3 rd flagellomere (damaged); g, palpus; h, last tarsomere; i, terminalia (dorsal); j, pupal anterior segments (lateral); k, same, detail (ventral). Figs 38l-q. Schizomyia sp.: female: l, last tarsomere; m, ...

Context 152

... bear two whorls or circumfila. Additionally, these two species share the shape of the gonostylus and female cerci, also the relative length of internodes and necks in both male and female flagellomeres. They can be separated by the tarsal claws that are shorter and less curved in C. brevipalpis (Harris 1979, Fig. 44) than in C. eragrostidis [ Fig. 39b] and by the setation of female cerci that bear apically two pairs of long setae in C. brevipalpis (Harris 1979, Fig. 36) and one pair in C. eragrostidis [ Fig. 39g]. These differences may turn out to be very minor but, without Harris's types and additional specimens before us, we cannot make a decision at this time. We take the occasion ...

Context 153

... the relative length of internodes and necks in both male and female flagellomeres. They can be separated by the tarsal claws that are shorter and less curved in C. brevipalpis (Harris 1979, Fig. 44) than in C. eragrostidis [ Fig. 39b] and by the setation of female cerci that bear apically two pairs of long setae in C. brevipalpis (Harris 1979, Fig. 36) and one pair in C. eragrostidis [ Fig. 39g]. These differences may turn out to be very minor but, without Harris's types and additional specimens before us, we cannot make a decision at this time. We take the occasion to place C. brevipalpis in Stenodiplosis also, as a new ...

Context 154

... in both male and female flagellomeres. They can be separated by the tarsal claws that are shorter and less curved in C. brevipalpis (Harris 1979, Fig. 44) than in C. eragrostidis [ Fig. 39b] and by the setation of female cerci that bear apically two pairs of long setae in C. brevipalpis (Harris 1979, Fig. 36) and one pair in C. eragrostidis [ Fig. 39g]. These differences may turn out to be very minor but, without Harris's types and additional specimens before us, we cannot make a decision at this time. We take the occasion to place C. brevipalpis in Stenodiplosis also, as a new ...

Context 155

... long and narrow wings, elongate antennae, simple tarsal claws curved at almost right angle, short ovipositor with bilobed cercus, and 4-segmented palpus (Felt 1921d). The types are uncleared and partially shriveled but all characters are recognizable, except for the male circumfila that were missing already when Felt (1921b) examined them. Wing [ Fig. 40g] with R 5 bent distally, joining C posteriad of wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5 ; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork; Rs not present. Head with occipital protuberance present. Palpi shriveled on all specimens but evidently four-segmented. Antennae: 12 flagellomeres, progressively shorter, necks bare of microtrichia; binodal in male, ...

Context 156

... joining C posteriad of wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5 ; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork; Rs not present. Head with occipital protuberance present. Palpi shriveled on all specimens but evidently four-segmented. Antennae: 12 flagellomeres, progressively shorter, necks bare of microtrichia; binodal in male, presumably trifilar, with long necks [Fig. 40i]; cylindrical in female, all except last with long necks, proximal flagellomeres with nodes 3x as long as wide, constricted at basal third, distal flagellomeres with nodes 2x as long as wide, progressively losing basal constriction, circumfila consisting of one uneven horizontal and two more distal vertical bands [Figs 40c, d]. Tarsal ...

Context 157

... 12 flagellomeres, progressively shorter, necks bare of microtrichia; binodal in male, presumably trifilar, with long necks [Fig. 40i]; cylindrical in female, all except last with long necks, proximal flagellomeres with nodes 3x as long as wide, constricted at basal third, distal flagellomeres with nodes 2x as long as wide, progressively losing basal constriction, circumfila consisting of one uneven horizontal and two more distal vertical bands [Figs 40c, d]. Tarsal claws simple, narrow, bent at right angle at midlength, as long as empodia [Fig. ...

Context 158

... examined. Type male and female reared from a marginal roll on the upper leaf surface of Impatiens platypetala Lindl. (Fig. 599 [Fig. 40a] in DvL & DvLR (1918)), at Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java, 15-vii-1920 (NYSM #a3153). Felt's two slides contain two males and two females, all mounted whole and uncleared, with most body parts present but partially ...

Context 159

... Male. Wing length 1.6 mm, width 0.6 mm. Antenna: basal node slightly longer than wide, internode as long as basal node, proximal node 1.5x length basal node, neck 2x DvL & DvLR (1918, gall No. 599 , Fig 599 [Fig. 40a]) and described by DvLR & DvL (1926) as follows. The margin of the leaf is rolled up for a small part of its length. The infected parts are white or yellowish and considerably thickened. The gall can be common ...

Context 160

... Purnama Hidayat c, 1 st and 2 nd flagellomeres; d, antenna; e, tarsal claw and empodium; f, cerci and hypoproct (lateral); g, posterior part of wing; hj, male: h, terminalia (dorsal); i, 6 th flagellomere (circumfila not visible on types); j, aedeagus of both type specimens (dorsal). and Mahindra Dewi Nur Aisyah (IPB University) (pers. comm., Fig. 40b) found the galls at Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, Cianjur (6°52'33"S, 106°58'04"E), alt. 1407m, 17-iv-2018Kertajaya, Pasirkuda, near Cianjur (7°14'38"S, 107°10'24"E), alt. 504 m, 10-iv-2018;Pagelaran, near Cianjur (7°17'45"S, 107°7'7"E, alt. 967 m, 13- iv-2018; Mt Sari, Pamijahan, Bogor (near Mt. Bunder) (6°41'23"S, 107°12'01"E), ...

Context 161

... 41a-h. "Calopedila" polyalthiae: a, galls on Polyalthia subcordata (Fig. 293 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b, pupal vertex and antennal bases; c-g, female: c, palpus; d, tarsal claw and empodium; e, wing; f, postabdomen (lateral); g, 10 th flagellomere; h, male 7 th ...

Context 162

... Adult. Occipital protuberance absent; flagellomeres 12, first and second separated. Palpus 1-segmented, palpiger present [Fig. 42g]. Wing with R 5 joining C slightly beyond wing apex, C with break at juncture with R 5 , Rs rudimentary [ Fig. 42e]. Tarsal claws simple, strongly bent at midlength, empodia substantially shorter than claws [ Fig. ...

Context 163

... Adult. Occipital protuberance absent; flagellomeres 12, first and second separated. Palpus 1-segmented, palpiger present [Fig. 42g]. Wing with R 5 joining C slightly beyond wing apex, C with break at juncture with R 5 , Rs rudimentary [ Fig. 42e]. Tarsal claws simple, strongly bent at midlength, empodia substantially shorter than claws [ Fig. ...

Context 164

... proximal node, neck as long as proximal node, circumfila not preserved on available specimens [Fig. 42b]. Terminalia: gonocoxite robust; gonostylus long, tapered, setulose basally, carinate beyond; cerci apparently partly conjoined; hypoproct broad, incised, the lobes rounded; aedeagus as long as gonocoxite, broad at base, tapered to acute tip [ Fig. ...

Context 165

... Wing 2.1 mm long, 0.7 mm (0.6-0.8) wide. Flagellomeres with simple, slightly bowed circumfila consisting of two horizontal and one vertical, interconnected bands. Terminalia: ovipositor short; cerci not clearly seen, apparently folded with massed short setae covering caudal surface; hypoproct, narrow in lateral view [ Fig. ...

Context 166

... This species causes a leaf gall on Garcinia dioica (Clusiaceae) described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 993, Fig. 708 [Fig. 42a]). The midrib is swollen into irregular, green or brown, oval or spheroid galls that show on both sides of the leaf blade. In cases of a strong infection the midrib may be zigzagged and the leaf blade more or less wrinkled and folded. Inside each gall is a tiny larval chamber surrounded by a succulent thick parenchymatic tissue Average ...

Context 167

... distribution. This species is known from Java where it was found at Depok, near Jakarta, alt. 100 m, v-1911, iv-1919, viii-1920, additionally Felt (1927) gives viii-1922, and at Ciastana near Cisalak, Mt Hali- mun, alt. 550 m, xii-1920 FIgureS 42a-h. "Gnesiodiplosis" garcinia: a, galls on Garcinia dioica (Fig. 708 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b-c, male: b, 4 th flagellomere (circumfila missing); c, terminalia (dorsal); d-h, female: d, 3 rd flagellomere; e, wing; f, terminalia (dorsolateral); g, palpus and palpiger; h, tarsal claw and empodium. Material examined. Holotype male, reared from a petiole gall on Lepidagathis javanica Blume at Mt Ungaran, ...

Context 168

... gonostylus bulbous basally, tapered distally, setulose at basal third and narrow, carinate beyond; cerci triangular; hypoproct bilobed, setulose with few setae apically; mesobasal lobes closely sheathing aedeagus, covered with dense setulae, three setose papillae on each lobe apically; aedeagus triangular in lateral view, without sensoria [ Fig. ...

Context 169

... 43a-e. "Stefaniella" orientalis: a, gall on Lepidagathis javanica (Fig. 976 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b, male terminalia (distorted; aedeagus (ae), cercus (ce), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs), hypoproct (hy), mesobasal lobe (ml); c, tarsal claw and empodium; d, palpus; e, male ...

Context 170

... This species causes a petiole gall on Lepidagathis javanica (Acanthaceae) described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1377 Fig. 976 [Fig. 43a]). It is an aggregate, uneven swelling about 10 mm long and 6 mm across. Inside each gall is a small, longitudinal. Hard-walled larval ...

Context 171

... Eucalyptodiplosis, which contains the Philippine E. paederiae treated here, but it would run to Feltiella from which it differs in the male hypoproct being bilobed as opposed to entire. We did include Colomyia cortici (Porricondylinae) which effectively makes this a key to genera of the whole family Cecidomyiidae currently known from Indonesia. Fig. 27d]. Female cerci onesegmented, sometimes fused or otherwise modified [Figs 2g, 3l, 19j, 34h, 39g] 5 half to two-thirds length of wing, closely adjacent and nearly parallel to R 1 and C [Fig. 19e] Gonostylus situated on dorsum of gonocoxite [ Fig. 37h]. Female abdominal seventh sternite appreciably longer than sixth. . 4 -Gonostylus ...

Context 172

... makes this a key to genera of the whole family Cecidomyiidae currently known from Indonesia. Fig. 27d]. Female cerci onesegmented, sometimes fused or otherwise modified [Figs 2g, 3l, 19j, 34h, 39g] 5 half to two-thirds length of wing, closely adjacent and nearly parallel to R 1 and C [Fig. 19e] Gonostylus situated on dorsum of gonocoxite [ Fig. 37h]. Female abdominal seventh sternite appreciably longer than sixth. . 4 -Gonostylus situated on apex of gonocoxite [ Fig. 17f]. Female abdominal seventh sternite not appreciably longer than sixth. . . First tarsal segment with large ventrodistal spur [Fig. 3e] Fig. 9f] or with minute ventrodistal lobe [Fig. 36g] ...

Context 173

... and nearly parallel to R 1 and C [Fig. 19e] Gonostylus situated on dorsum of gonocoxite [ Fig. 37h]. Female abdominal seventh sternite appreciably longer than sixth. . 4 -Gonostylus situated on apex of gonocoxite [ Fig. 17f]. Female abdominal seventh sternite not appreciably longer than sixth. . . First tarsal segment with large ventrodistal spur [Fig. 3e] Fig. 9f] or with minute ventrodistal lobe [Fig. 36g] ...

Context 174

... parallel to R 1 and C [Fig. 19e] Gonostylus situated on dorsum of gonocoxite [ Fig. 37h]. Female abdominal seventh sternite appreciably longer than sixth. . 4 -Gonostylus situated on apex of gonocoxite [ Fig. 17f]. Female abdominal seventh sternite not appreciably longer than sixth. . . First tarsal segment with large ventrodistal spur [Fig. 3e] Fig. 9f] or with minute ventrodistal lobe [Fig. 36g] ...

Context 175

... situated on dorsum of gonocoxite [ Fig. 37h]. Female abdominal seventh sternite appreciably longer than sixth. . 4 -Gonostylus situated on apex of gonocoxite [ Fig. 17f]. Female abdominal seventh sternite not appreciably longer than sixth. . . First tarsal segment with large ventrodistal spur [Fig. 3e] Fig. 9f] or with minute ventrodistal lobe [Fig. 36g] ...

Context 176

... claws simple, curved at distal third [ Fig. 36i] ...

Context 177

... with 12 flagellomeres, binodal in male [ Fig. 35g] except in Megommata [ Fig. 24g] and then eyes nearly divided at mid-height [ Fig. 24a]. Male terminalia with no mesobasal lobes [ Fig. 40h] or with lobes not sheathing aedeagus [Fig. 33h]. Female cerci discrete [ Fig. 12g] but may be closely appressed [Fig. 39g]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Context 178

... with 12 flagellomeres, binodal in male [ Fig. 35g] except in Megommata [ Fig. 24g] and then eyes nearly divided at mid-height [ Fig. 24a]. Male terminalia with no mesobasal lobes [ Fig. 40h] or with lobes not sheathing aedeagus [Fig. 33h]. Female cerci discrete [ Fig. 12g] but may be closely appressed [Fig. 39g]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -Antenna with ...

Context 179

... with 12 flagellomeres, binodal in male [ Fig. 35g] except in Megommata [ Fig. 24g] and then eyes nearly divided at mid-height [ Fig. 24a]. Male terminalia with no mesobasal lobes [ Fig. 40h] or with lobes not sheathing aedeagus [Fig. 33h]. Female cerci discrete [ Fig. 12g] but may be closely appressed [Fig. 39g]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -Antenna with irregular number of flagellomeres within species, seldom 12. Male and female flagellomeres with single ...

Context 180

... with 12 flagellomeres, binodal in male [ Fig. 35g] except in Megommata [ Fig. 24g] and then eyes nearly divided at mid-height [ Fig. 24a]. Male terminalia with no mesobasal lobes [ Fig. 40h] or with lobes not sheathing aedeagus [Fig. 33h]. Female cerci discrete [ Fig. 12g] but may be closely appressed [Fig. 39g]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -Antenna with irregular number of flagellomeres within species, seldom 12. Male and female flagellomeres with single barrel-shaped node, those of male with longer necks than in female [Figs 11c, g]. Male terminalia with mesobasal lobes tightly ...

Context 181

... seldom 12. Male and female flagellomeres with single barrel-shaped node, those of male with longer necks than in female [Figs 11c, g]. Male terminalia with mesobasal lobes tightly sheathing aedeagus [Fig. 11b]. Female cerci fused [Figs 11e; 15f, g Eyes nearly divided at midheight [ Fig. 24a]. Male flagellomeres with single node as in female [Fig. 24g] ...

Context 182

... not divided at midheight. Male flagellomeres binodal [Fig. 32d] Tarsal claws each with two basal teeth [ Fig. 16d] ...

Context 183

... flagellomeres each with 2 whorls of looped circumfila [Fig. 34e]. Female vertical and horizontal circumfilar strands each with about 5 connections to node. . . Male flagellomeres with 2 whorls of looped circumfila, the two nodes nearly equal in size [Fig. 39c]. Ovipositor nearly as long as abdomen, the cerci long, narrow, closely appressed [ Fig. 39g]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Context 184

... eragrostidis causing seed head swelling on Eragrostis unioloides (Poaceae) -Male flagellomeres with 3 whorls of looped circumfila, the two nodes unequal in size [ Fig. 42b]. Ovipositor short, barely protrusible [ Fig. 42f] Tarsal claws robust, strongly bent at basal third [ Fig. 25f] Fig. 31d] horizontal bands of circumfila. . . . . ...

Context 185

... eragrostidis causing seed head swelling on Eragrostis unioloides (Poaceae) -Male flagellomeres with 3 whorls of looped circumfila, the two nodes unequal in size [ Fig. 42b]. Ovipositor short, barely protrusible [ Fig. 42f] Tarsal claws robust, strongly bent at basal third [ Fig. 25f] Fig. 31d] horizontal bands of circumfila. . . . . ...

Context 186

... eragrostidis causing seed head swelling on Eragrostis unioloides (Poaceae) -Male flagellomeres with 3 whorls of looped circumfila, the two nodes unequal in size [ Fig. 42b]. Ovipositor short, barely protrusible [ Fig. 42f] Tarsal claws robust, strongly bent at basal third [ Fig. 25f] Fig. 31d] horizontal bands of circumfila. . . . . ...

Context 187

... with purplish blob inside. Male hypoproct with ventrobasal lobe [Fig. 22c]. Female cerci with field of tiny setae apicoventrally [ Fig. 22h] ...

Context 188

... Orseolia orientalis causing leaf gall on Oplismenus compositus (Poaceae) Orseolia oryzae causing leaf gall on rice Oryza sativa (Poaceae) Orseolia paspali causing leaf gall on Paspalum scrobiculatum (Poaceae) -Male cerci terminally or obliquely concave, mesal lobe formed by concavity with single seta. Female without definite, setose tenth tergum [Fig. 40f] Lasioptera manilensis causing leaf gall on Leea manilensis and L. indica (Vitaceae) -Pulvilli large, about 2/3 length of empodia [Fig. 2e]. Entire protrusible part of ovipositor bilaterally flattened, glabrous, cerci indistinguishable [ Fig. 2g] ...

Context 189

... mesal lobe formed by concavity with single seta. Female without definite, setose tenth tergum [Fig. 40f] Lasioptera manilensis causing leaf gall on Leea manilensis and L. indica (Vitaceae) -Pulvilli large, about 2/3 length of empodia [Fig. 2e]. Entire protrusible part of ovipositor bilaterally flattened, glabrous, cerci indistinguishable [ Fig. 2g] ...