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a-m. Asphondylia leeae: a, gall on Leea indica, two normal fruit on left, gall on right (Fig. 203 of DvLR & DvL 1914); b-f, male: b, first tarsal segment; c, last tarsal segment with claw and empodium; d, palpus; e, first three flagellomeres; f, gonostylus (posterior); g-i, female: g, posterior end of abdomen (ventral); h, end of needle-like protrusible part of ovipositor (ventral); i, antenna, 6 th flagellomere shriveled; j-m, pupa: j, head (ventral); k, head (ventrolateral); l, last abdominal segments (ventrolateral); m, prothoracic spiracle. Fig. 6n. Asphondylia litseae: n, pupal antennal horns (dorsal, Fig. 5 of Felt 1921b).
Source publication
Forty-seven species in 25 genera of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) known from Indonesia are reviewed. Available historic types were examined, and taxa are revised. Leefmansiella Kolesik & Gagné gen. nov. is erected for Trishormomyia pandani Felt. Actilasioptera falcaria (Felt) is found to be a senior synonym of Actilasioptera t...
Citations
... Hal ini berkaitan dengan perilaku makan dan oviposisi dari serangga pembentuk puru tersebut (Puspasari, 2021) dan serangga yang berasosiasi di dalamnya. Kolesik & Gagné (2020). ...
... Selain itu, spesies P. robusta juga dilaporkan ada di Indonesia dan telah ditemukan di Pulau Jawa, Pulau Sumatera, Pulau Sebesi, dan Pulau Bali. Diduga bahwa spesies ini dapat ditemukan di seluruh kepulauan Indonesia (Kolesik & Gagné, 2020). Meskipun dampak kerugiannya tidak dijelaskan secara spesifik, serangan P. robusta dalam membentuk puru pada daun mangga di Provinsi Bali disebutkan memiliki potensi untuk menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan (Susila et al., 2022). ...
Serangga pembentuk puru merupakan hama potensial yang dapat menurunkan hasil panen mangga dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bunga dan pembentukan buah pada tanaman. Informasi terkait serangga pembentuk puru serta parasitoidnya di Indonesia masih terbatas sehingga penting dipelajari jenis serta keragamannya dalam mendukung usaha pengendaliannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari jenis-jenis puru dan mengidentifikasi serangga pembentuk puru serta parasitoidnya yang berasosiasi pada puru daun mangga. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan September 2022 hingga bulan April 2023 di Desa Karyamukti, Kecamatan Tomo, Kabupaten Sumedang.Pemeliharaan sampel daun mangga bergejala puru dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Proteksi Tanaman, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Identifikasi morfologi serangga dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Tanaman, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Sampel daun bergejala puru diambil secara purposive sampling pada 50 pohon mangga varietas Gedong Gincu kemudian dilakukan identifikasi morfologi pada serangga yang muncul dari daun bergejala puru tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa puru daun mangga yang ditemukan dapat dibedakan menjadi lima bentuk yaitu pustulate, low-doughnut, bell-shaped, conical, dan circular-blister. Serangga yang berasosiasi di dalamnya terkonfirmasi secara morfologi ada yang berperan sebagai pembentuk gejala puru yaitu Procontarinia robusta, beberapa parasitoid yaitu Chrysonotomyia sp., Pediobius sp., Mangostigmus sp., Eurytoma sp.1, Euryotoma sp.2, Platygaster sp., Eupelmus sp., dan Pteromalidae sp.1, serta satu serangga inquilines yaitu Phlaeothripidae sp.1. Hasil penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap pengetahuan dasar tentang pola serangan serangga di tanaman mangga dan merupakan data dasar untuk penerapan pengendalian hama.
... Although the collection does not have a specific reference to cecidology in its name, it predominantly consists of plant galls, including rare specimens collected by De Langhe and identified by Willem Marius Docters Van Leeuwen (1880-1960), a Dutch botanist and entomologist, known for his work on insect-plant interactions, including galls [24,25]. Docters van Leeuwen, along with his wife Jenny Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan (1880-1963), published several papers and books on plant galls, such as the notable book The Zoocecidia of the Netherlands East Indies, featuring over 1100 ink drawings of galls by the Javanese artist Raden Sastrasaputra [25,26]. De Langhe and Docters van Leeuwen also collaborated with the Italian botanist Cecconi [26], whose collection of galls is now part of the Trotter collection at the Botanical Museum of the University of Padua, Italy. ...
... Docters van Leeuwen, along with his wife Jenny Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan (1880-1963), published several papers and books on plant galls, such as the notable book The Zoocecidia of the Netherlands East Indies, featuring over 1100 ink drawings of galls by the Javanese artist Raden Sastrasaputra [25,26]. De Langhe and Docters van Leeuwen also collaborated with the Italian botanist Cecconi [26], whose collection of galls is now part of the Trotter collection at the Botanical Museum of the University of Padua, Italy. ...
Galls (also known as cecidia) have been studied by botanists, zoologists and microbiologists over the last century. Indeed, galls can be induced by different animals, bacteria, viruses and fungi, so that their presence simultaneously attested the presence of specific host plants and gall-inducing species. Consequently, gall collections, also known as cecidological herbaria or cecidological collections, can be interesting to study biodiversity changes over time. This review describes the main cecidological collections currently available in different European museums in order to stimulate their future study. The present analysis suggests that well-organized and preserved cecidological collections have great potential to guide research in taxonomy and systematics. Furthermore, this review aims to encourage future research on the conservation and digitisation standards of gall specimens in order to make cecidological data more accessible to researchers.
... Cecidomyiidae can damage cultivated plants and cause economic losses in forestry and agriculture, but they can also function as biocontrol agents against invasive plants and other pests (Kolesik and Gagné 2020). Additionally, they can function as pollinators: plant species from at least seven families (including Moraceae) have Cecidomyiidae pollinators, but no Cecidomyiidae are known to pollinate Ficus (Gan et al. 2022). ...
... Additionally, they can function as pollinators: plant species from at least seven families (including Moraceae) have Cecidomyiidae pollinators, but no Cecidomyiidae are known to pollinate Ficus (Gan et al. 2022). Cecidomyiidae induce galls that are usually species-specific growths often developing on leaves, vegetative and floral meristems, flowers, stems, and rarely roots (Kolesik and Gagné 2020). The galls are induced from phytohormonal changes manipulated by effectors secreted from Cecidomyiidae larvae (Tanaka et al. 2013;Zhao et al. 2015;Kolesik and Gagné 2020), similar to other galling insects (Tooker and Helms 2014;Oates et al. 2016;Hearn et al. 2019;Krogaonkar et al. 2021). ...
... Cecidomyiidae induce galls that are usually species-specific growths often developing on leaves, vegetative and floral meristems, flowers, stems, and rarely roots (Kolesik and Gagné 2020). The galls are induced from phytohormonal changes manipulated by effectors secreted from Cecidomyiidae larvae (Tanaka et al. 2013;Zhao et al. 2015;Kolesik and Gagné 2020), similar to other galling insects (Tooker and Helms 2014;Oates et al. 2016;Hearn et al. 2019;Krogaonkar et al. 2021). Fig-associated Cecidomyiidae are specific to Ficus and have larvae that develop in galls inside figs (Felt 1922;Roskam and Nadel 1990;Bai et al. 2008;Miao et al. 2011). ...
... Although the adults generally resemble those of Clinodiplosini, certain morphological characters are shared with other genera of Cecidomyiini, such as the separate cerci of the female ovipositor that are known in e.g. Cecidomyia, Macrodiplosis and Resseliella (Gagné 1978;Kim et al. 2014;Gagné et al. 2019), and the male gonocoxal mediobasal lobes are known at least in Orseolia (Harris and Gagné 1982;Kolesik and Gagné 2020). This finding highlights the importance of integrative systematic studies on gall midges, a group wherein identification based solely on the adult or larval stage would result in incorrect placement. ...
The monotypic genus Enigmadiplosis Harris (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was placed in the tribe Clinodiplosini based on adult morphology, but the genus is somewhat puzzling because larvae are typical for the tribe Cecidomyiini. In this study, we describe Enigmadiplosis harrisi sp. nov., a pest species that damages young leaves of the ornamental shrub Rhododendron pulchrum in Mie Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. We also conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to confirm the tribal placement. The result clearly indicates that Enigmadiplosis belongs to Cecidomyiini and we therefore assign the genus to that tribe. In addition, we redescribe Clinodiplosis rhododendri (Felt) that forms leaf-roll galls on Rhododendron spp. in eastern North America to allay future questions as to the identity and show that this is unrelated to the new Japanese species.
... More than 20 species of gall midges belonging to six genera have been recorded in Zygophyllaceae. Contarinia Rondania is a large, cosmopolitan genus in the supertribe Cecidomyiidi, and many female midges of this genus oviposit in the shoots, buds, or leaves of host plants, where the larvae feed and develop (Uechi et al., 2003;Kolesik and Gagné, 2020). Contarinia nitrariae Fedotova, Contarinia nitrariagemmae Fedotova (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and Trilobophora nitrariae Marikovskij (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have been collected on Nitraria spp. in Kazakhstan (Gagné and Jaschhof, 2021). ...
Galls function as provide shelter for gall inducers, guarding them against their natural enemies. Previous research has illuminated the interactions between galls, gall inducers, and their corresponding parasitoids within various caltrop plants. However, less is known about these relationships within Nitraria sibirica, particularly regarding the efficacy of parasitism. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the morphometric relationships among the swollen galls, gall inducers, and their parasitoids. Two species of gall inducers and three species of parasitoids were obtained from the swollen galls of N. sibirica. The correlations of the parasitization indexes, the lifespan of gall inhabitants, and temperature and the morphometric relationships between the galls and their inhabitants were analyzed. The dominant gall inducer identified was Contarinia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Furthermore, it was observed that three solitary parasitoids attacked Contarinia sp. in the swollen galls, with only Eupelmus gelechiphagus acting as an idiobiont ectoparasitoid. The dominant parasitoids were Platygaster sp. and Cheiloneurus elegans at sites 1 and 2, respectively, with Platygaster sp. displaying greater abundance than C. elegans in the swollen galls. The lifespan of the gall inhabitants shortened gradually as the temperature increased. Moreover, the optimal number of gall chambers ranged from two to four per swollen gall with maximized fitness, which can be considered the optimal population density for the gall inducer Contarinia sp. Morphometric analysis exhibited a strong linear correlation between gall size and chamber number or the number of gall inhabitants, as well as a weak correlation between gall size and body size of the primary inhabitants of swollen galls. Our results highlight the importance of the biological investigation of parasitoids and gall inducers living in closed galls with multiple chambers and may pave the way for potential application in biological control.
... Procontarinia matteiana and P. robusta have been observed to attack mango plants in Indonesia, such as in Java, Sumatra, Sebesi Island, and Bali. The P. matteiana species varies from P. robusta primarily in the features of the two species' males (Kolesik and Gagne 2020). ...
... Nubs JX110976, JX110977, JX110978, and JX110979 ( Figure 5). The genetic similarity of pests that infect mango trees in Bali with P. robusta is confirmed by the results of research by Vasanthakumar et al. (2020) and Kolesik and Gagne (2020), who reported that P. robusta species is one of the causes of gall disease in mango plants. Mango plantations in Beijing, China were attacked by the pest Syringa reticulata subsp. ...
Susila IW, Sumiartha IK, Supartha IW, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Yasa IWS, Wiradana PA. 2022. Abundance, distribution mapping, and DNA barcoding of Procontarinia robusta (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a mango gall midge in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6428-6436. Gall midge (Procontarinia robusta) is an important pest of mango plants in various countries in the world, including Indonesia. This pest causes very serious damage to mango leaves which until now has not been reported. This study aims to map the distribution and abundance of the pest population and identify the pest species using the DNA barcode method on mango tree plantations in Bali, Indonesia. The survey method was used to collect data from various districts and cities in Bali Province, Indonesia. Mitochondrial COI primers were used to identify DNA barcodes. The results showed that the highest population abundance of P. robusta was found in Denpasar City. These pests have spread evenly throughout the Province of Bali, from the lowlands to the middle and highlands. Through a molecular approach, the insect pest that causes mango leaf gall in Bali Province is identified as P. robusta as the first report that can be used by researchers, related agencies, and farmers to be alert and ready with strategies and control tactics in the future. Further research is needed to be related to monitoring using sex pheromones or plant volatiles and the search for natural enemies for monitoring purposes and initiation towards biological control.
... It is a wild plant, not used commercially, and native to northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, and southern and southeastern Asia (POWO 2021) where it is colloquially called the bush grape, fox grape, or three-leaved wild vine. Previously, two gall midges, belonging to the supertribe Cecidomyiidi, were described from C. trifolia: Asphondylia vitea Felt, causing large regularly cylindrical stem galls in the Philippines and Indonesia, and A. viticola Kieffer and Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan causing large lopsided stem and leaf-stalk galls in Indonesia (Kolesik and Gagné 2020). Both are distinct from the pustulate leaf galls collected in north Queensland. ...
Stomatosematidi are by far the smallest of the four supertribes of
Cecidomyiinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) containing 56 species. The life history of only one species has been known previously: adults of Stomatosema nemorum Kieffer were reared from larvae feeding on a mushroom, Lactarius sp. (Fungi: Russulaceae). Here we describe the larva and adults of a new species, Stomatosema
gagnei Kolesik, that was found inducing pustulate leaf galls on Causonis trifolia (Vitaceae) plants in Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Stomatosema gagnei is the first Stomatosematidi with a described larva and the first known to cause a gall. The fact
that a species of Stomatosematidi, a supertribe hypothesized to be the sister group to all remaining Cecidomyiinae, was found inducing a plant gall suggests that the first of the transitions from the ancestral fungus-feeding habit to plant-feeding occurred in Cecidomyiidae at the base of the Cecidomyiinae clade more than 100–110 million years ago, during the lower Cretaceous.
... Morphological examination of this gall midge indicated that it belongs to the genus Gephyraulus, which has never been reported from Japan (Yukawa and Masuda, 1996;Yukawa, 2014). In addition, species belonging to the genus are known only on Brassicaceae, Anacardiaceae, Vitaceae, and Solanaceae (Gagné and Jaschhof, 2021;Gagné and Etienne, 2006;Jiao et al., 2020;Kolesik and Gagné, 2020). In the present study, we identify this gall midge as a new species to science and record the genus Gephyraulus in Japan as well as on Fabaceae for the first time. ...
... Gephyraulus tokudai is unique among other congeners of Gephyraulus by its remarkably long necks of male flagellomeres, short protrusible portion of ovipositor that does not exceed the length of the apodeme of female tergite VIII, and the apicolateral placement of sensoria with prominent sockets and thicker setae on female cerci instead of the dorsal placement in other species (except G. lycantha which lack these sensoria on the female cerci). Additionally, the maximum number of flagellomeres in G. tokudai is higher (14-16 in male; 12-15 in female) than other species, except G. tetrastigma (unknown in male; 16 in female) (Elsayed et al., 2017a;Fedotova, 1992Fedotova, , 1994Gagné and Etienne, 2006;Jiao et al., 2020;Kolesik and Gagné, 2020;Skuhravá, 2011;Sylvén and Solinas, 1987). ...
The genus Gephyraulus Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is newly recorded on Fabaceae and in Japan. Gephyraulus tokudai Elsayed n. sp. that develops in the flower buds of Caesalpinia crista L. (Fabaceae) is described here as new to science. A description, illustrations, and ecological features of the new species are given. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analysis including the new species, G. zewaili and G. lycantha, each from a different host plant family, indicated that Gephyraulus is a polyphyletic genus.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:979C74B9-4476-4C46-81D9-15BD90720FBE
... Two Australian species, B. bursaria (Felt) and B. orientalis (Felt) were tentatively transferred to Bruggmanniella in Kolesik and Gagné (2020) based on the two separate teeth of the gonostylus. These species have unknown immature stages and one of them is only known from the male. ...
An update of the delimitation of the genus Bruggmanniella based on phylogenetic analysis using morphological data is presented. In this work, we reinforced the results of the previous phylogenetic analysis of the closely related genera Bruggmanniella, Pseudasphondylia, Illiciomyia and Odontokeros, assigned here as Bruggmanniella s.l after the controversial molecular approach of Lin et al. (2020). We also included the species described under Bruggmanniella between 2019 and 2020 and discuss some aspects of the evolutionary changes of pupal morphology related with niche occupation of Bruggmanniella species. The results confirm our previous delimitation of the Bruggmanniella s.l arranged into three branches: one branch composed exclusively with the Neotropical species of Bruggmanniella; another branch containing the species of Pseudasphondylia, found only in Japan; and the last branch with species of Odontokeros with predominant distribution in Taiwan. Our results also support the revalidation of the genus Odontokeros, and Illiciomyia as synonym of Pseudasphondylia.
Keywords:
Asphondyliina; Cladistics analysis; Gall inducer; Morphology; Neotropical; Phylogeny
