FIGURES 51-54 - uploaded by Rogerio Bertani
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Hapalopus butantan. (51-53) Male holotype (IBSP 4948), Brazil, Amazonas, Uatuman River, Presidente Figueiredo. Left Palpal bulb, retrolateral (51), prolateral (52). (53) Left leg I tibial apophysis. (54) Female (IBSP 9654), Brazil, Amazonas, U.H.E. Balbina, Manaus. Spermatheca, dorsal. Scale bar = 1 mm. E = embolus, MB = membranous basis, PA = paraembolic apophysis, PI = prolateral inferior keel, PS = prolateral superior keel, R = ring-shaped keel.
Source publication
The genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 is revised based on most types and additional material from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Tobago Island and Venezuela. Two species are newly described from Brazil: Cyriocosmus nogueira-netoi and Cyriocosmus fernandoi. The species Cyriocosmus fasciatus (Mello-Leitão, 1930), formerly synonymized with Cyriocosmus elega...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... lae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs, whitish chelicerae and black palps. Diagnosis: Male can be distinguished by the presence of a palpal tibial apophysis with two megaspines and by the short paraembolic apophysis originating from a ring-shaped keel (Figs 51-52). Female differs by the heart-shaped sclerotized portion of the spermath- eca (Fig. ...
Context 2
... appeared in the analysis as a monophyletic genus, having as synapomor- phies for males the presence of tibial apophysis with convergent branches (Fig. 54), and for females the presence of spermathecae having a membranous base (Fig. 53). A putative synapomorphy would be the position of the paraembolic apophysis ventrally to the embo- lus, obtained when the Acctran optimization (Swofford & Maddison 1987) is used. The genus seems to be the sister-group of Cyriocosmus, sharing a retrolateral ...
Similar publications
A new diagnosis for the genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 is presented and six new species are described from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil: S. pavesii sp. nov. and S. leticiae sp. nov. from Blumenau and Balneário Camboriú; S. sevegnaniae sp. nov. from Blumenau; S. gugai sp. nov., S. peri sp. nov. and S. pescador sp. nov. from Santa Catar...
Citations
... Theraphosinae Thorell, 1870 Genus Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871: 211 (type species by original designation, (1923) did not include male palpal bulb illustrations , and the bent metatarsus I is a common character of several Theraphosinae genera (Fukushima et al. 2005; Yamamoto et al. 2007; Indicatti et al. 2008, figure 2E, J). Raven (1985: 151) considered Cyclothoracoides a junior synonym of Hapalotremus: " . . . ...
Hapalotremus exilis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) and Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923), previously considered as nomina dubia are here revalidated through the examination of the holotypes. Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 is revalidated and their type species, Dolichothele exilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 is restored. Goniodontium Mello-Leitão, 1923 and Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924 are considered junior synonyms of Dolichothele. Hapalotremus muticus and Oligoxystre caatinga Guadanucci, 2007 are considered junior synonyms of D. exilis. All species of Oligoxystre are transferred to Dolichothele. Cyclothoracoides Strand, 1929, currently a junior synonym of Hapalotremus Simon, 1903, is here considered a junior synonym of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871.Hapalotremus exilis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) e Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923), previamente consideradas como nomina dubia, são aqui revalidadas após o exame dos holótipos. Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 é revalidado e sua espécie-tipo, Dolichotele exilis Mello-Leitão, 1923, é restaurada. Goniodontium Mello-Leitão, 1923 e Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924 são considerados sinônimos júnior de Dolichothele. Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923) e Oligoxystre caatinga Guadanucci, 2007 são consideradas sinônimos júnior de D. exilis. Todas as espécies de Oligoxystre são transferidas para Dolichothele. Cyclothoracoides Strand, 1929, atualmente um sinônimo júnior de Hapalotremus Simon, 1903, é aqui considerado um sinônimo júnior de Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871.
... studies including representatives of Theraphosidae in phylogenies has grown considerably, and several genera have been revised within a phylogenetic context (see P erez-Miles 1992; P Miles et al. 1996; Bertani 2000 Bertani , 2001 Bertani , 2012 Gallon 2003; Fukushima et al. 2005; Guadanucci 2005 Guadanucci , 2011a West et al. 2008 West et al. , 2012 Yamamoto et al. 2012). Representatives of 'Ischnocolinae' are amongst the smallest theraphosids, ranging from 15 to 50 mm of body length. ...
The mygalomorph spider subfamily ‘Ischnocolinae’ was originally established as a group based on the presence of divided tarsal scopula. Later, the divided condition of the scopula was considered the plesiomorphic state, which could not support the monophyly of ‘Ischnocolinae’. In Raven 1985, the subfamily was considered paraphyletic, pending a phylogenetic analysis to reinvestigate monophyletic groups. This study comprises such a phylogenetic analysis, based on morphological data, that includes representatives of all genera currently included in ‘Ischnocolinae’ as well as representatives of all other nine Theraphosidae subfamilies (Thrigmopoeinae, Ornithoctoninae, Eumenophorinae, Stromatopelminae, Harpactirinae, Selenogyrinae, Theraphosinae, Aviculariinae and Selenocosmiinae). The family Theraphosidae is considered monophyletic and expanded to include three additional genera previously considered as possible Barychelidae, namely Brachionopus (as Harpactirinae), Trichopelma and Reichlingia (as Ischnocolinae sensu stricto) while ‘Ischnocolinae’ as previously defined does not appear as monophyletic. However, two monophyletic groups were defined as subfamilies to include some former ‘Ischnocolinae’ representatives. The first group includes Acanthopelma rufescens, Trichopelma nitidum, Reichlingia annae, Ischnocolus spp., Holothele rondoni, Holothele culebrae and Holothele aff culebrae and is hereby named as Ischnocolinae (sensu stricto). The other subgroup comprises Sickius longibulbi, Holothele incei, Holothele aff incei, Guyruita spp., Schismatothele lineata, Hemiercus modestus, Holothele colonica and Holothele sp., together established as Schismatothelinae subfam. nov. Several genera included in former ‘Ischnocolinae’ appear as monophyletic (Catumiri, Oligoxystre, Heterothele, Nesiergus, Chaetopelma, Ischnocolus, Guyruita and Plesiophrictus). However, the genera Holothele, Schismatothele and Hemiercus deserve more attention in order to evaluate their intrarelationships and inclusion of species.
... Unfortunately, the taxonomic state of the subfamily is problematic, with most of its genera lacking revisionary studies (Raven 1990). In the last years, some research has improved the knowledge of the group with the revisions of genera, such as Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 (Pérez-Miles 2003), Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 (Pérez-Miles 1998 Fukushima et al. 2005), Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 (Yamamoto et al. 2007), Magulla Simon, 1892 (Indicatti et al. 2007) and with proposition of new genera, like Ami Miles 2008, Kochiana Fukushima, Nagahama & Bertani, 2008 and Agnostopelma Pérez-Miles & Weinmann 2010. Even though, most of the genera still need basic taxonomic studies as does Homoeomma Ausserer 1871. ...
A new genus, Catanduba, is proposed and supported on the cladistic analysis with the following synapomorphies: embolus tapering abruptly from half of the length, embolus tooth associated with PIK and a triangular basal nodule on male metatarsus I. Homoeomma simoni and Plesiopelma flavohirtum are transferred to Catanduba and five new species are described: C. tuskae, C. araguaia, C. piauiensis, C. canabrava and C. peruacu. The species occur mainly in central Brazil, in Cerrado areas, with some species also occurring in Atlantic forest (C. tuskae sp. n.) and Caatinga (C. piauiensis sp. n. and C. peruacu sp. n.).
Based on a phylogenetic analysis we revised the Chilean tarantula genera Euathlus
and Paraphysa. As results of our analyses, within a wider context of South
American lineages, Paraphysa is synonymous of Euathlus, and Phrixotrichus is
resurrected. Euathlus and Phrixotrichus are sister genera, supported by their shared
palpal organ morphology, especially at the ventral position of the distal prolateral
inferior keel, also by spermathecal receptacles with a lateral chamber, and tarsal
claws without teeth. Both genera are redefined based on cladistic results, and some
of their constituent species are transferred. We describe four new species, and for
the first time present the spermathecae of Euathlus parvulus comb. nov. All species
described for both genera are diagnosed and keyed. Euathlus now includes:
Euathlus antai Perafán and Pérez-Miles sp. nov., Euathlus atacama Perafán and
Pérez-Miles sp. nov., Euathlus condorito Perafán and Pérez-Miles sp. nov.,
Euathlus manicata (Simon 1892) comb. nov., Euathlus parvulus (Pocock, 1903)
comb. nov. and Euathlus truculentus L. Koch, 1875. Phrixotrichus now comprises:
Phrixotrichus jara Perafán and Pérez-Miles sp. nov., Phrixotrichus scrofa (Molina,
1788) comb. nov. and Phrixotrichus vulpinus (Karsch, 1880) comb. nov.
Furthermore, Paraphysa riparia Schmidt and Bolle, 2008 is synonymized with
Eupalaestrus weijenberghi (Thorell, 1894), Paraphysa pulcherrimaklaasi Schmidt,
1991 is transferred to Maraca Pérez-Miles, 2006 and Paraphysa peruviana
Schmidt, 2007 is considered a nomen dubium.
Two new species of Plesiopelma Pocock, 1901 from northern Argentina are described and diagnosed based on males and habitat descriptions are presented. Males of Plesiopelma paganoi sp. nov. differ from most of species by the absence of spiniform setae on the retrolateral face of cymbium, aspect of the palpal bulb. Plesiopelma aspidosperma sp. nov. differs from most species of the genus by the presence of spiniform setae on the retrolateral face of cymbium and it can be distinguished from P. myodes Pocock, 1901, P. longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942) and P. rectimanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) by the separated palpal bulb keels and basal nodule of metatarsus I very developed. It differs from P. minense (Mello-Leitão, 1943) by the shape of the palpal bulb and basal nodule on metatarsus I well developed. Specimens were captured in Salta province, Argentina, inhabiting high cloud forests of Yungas eco-region. RESUMEN. Descripción de dos nuevas especies de Plesiopelma (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae) de Argentina. Dos nuevas especies de Plesiopelma Pocock, 1901 del norte de Argentina son diferenciadas y se describen en base a ejemplares machos y se presentan distingue de P. myodes Pocock, 1901, P. longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942) y P. rectimanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) por las quillas del bulbo separadas y el nódulo basal del metatarso I muy desarrollado. Se diferencia de P. minense (Mello-Leitão, 1943) por la forma del órgano palpar y el nódulo basal del metatarso I desarrollado. Los especímenes se capturaron en la provincia de Salta, Argentina, habitando nuboselvas de altura en la eco-región de Yungas.
The holotype of Eurypelma tripepii Dresco, 1984 from state of Pará, Brazil, is revised and illustrated. Its palpal bulb and tibial apophysis are similar in shape to species of Nhandu Lucas, 1983. Therefore, the species is transferred to the genus Nhandu, establishing the new combination Nhandu tripepii (Dresco, 1984) comb. nov., which is considered a senior synonym of Nhandu vulpinus (Schmidt, 1998) syn. nov. The protuberances present on the holotype's chelicerae are here considered a morphological anomaly.
A new species of Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae) from Bolivia is described and illustrated, based in males and females.
We describe Kochiana new genus to accommodate a small Brazilian theraphosine species described originally as Mygale brunnipes by Koch (1842), resulting in Kochiana brunnipes new combination. Recently, specimens were rediscovered in northeastern Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. A preliminary cladistic analysis using equal weights parsimony and implied weights, was carried out to examine its phylogenetic placement. Kochiana new genus was monophyletic in all trees regardless of weighting scheme or concavity used. There is preliminary evidence for Kochiana new genus monophyly and weak evidence for its placement as sister group of Plesiopelma. Kochiana new genus can be characterized by the presence of a hornshaped spermatheca in females and males with a palpal bulb having prolateral accessory keels and a well developed medial crest on the embolus apex.
The new genus Agnostopelma Pérez-Miles & Weinmann is proposed for the type species A. tota n. sp. and A. gardel n. sp. from Boyacá, Colombia. Agnostopelma build shelters under stones at high elevation. The new genus is unusual in lacking tarsal scopulae on its posterior legs and in having few labial cuspules and short leg tarsi in females.
