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Objective:
The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) scale is a valid and reliable instrument to provide an inclusive measure of spirituality in research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to translate and investigate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the FACIT-Sp.
Meth...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... internal consistency as measured by the Cronbach's a coefficient was been found to be 0.76 for the Spiritual Well-being subscale alone and 0.90 for the entire FACIT-Sp (all five sub- scales together), indicating satisfactory reliability. Descriptive statistics for each subscale of the FA- CIT-Sp and the results of internal consistency evalu- ation based on Cronbach's a reliability coefficients are shown in Table 2. Table 3 shows the results of factor analysis on the FACIT-Sp. Item GS7 of the Social/Family Well-being subscale ("I am satisfied with my sex life") was not in- cluded in the analysis, because ,50% of the partici- pants answered it. ...
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Citations
... Farsi, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish [30,32,[34][35][36][37][38]. The questionnaire is easy to score by summing the scores of the items on each subscale and then summing the scores of the subscales to get the total score. ...
... The Polish version of the FACIT-Sp-12 consists of 12 original items and 3 sub-domains of spiritual well-being, and this model was proposed and confirmed by instrument developers. The 3-factor model obtained a better factorial validity and internal consistency than the 2-factor model also in Greek, French and Iranian studies [35,37,38]. ...
Background
Spirituality plays a crucial role in enhancing quality of life. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) scale is a reliable tool to assess an individual’s spiritual well-being, specifically in the context of chronic illness. Although the instrument is widely used worldwide, it has not yet been validated for Polish conditions. The aim of this study was to translate and investigate the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the FACIT-Sp-12 and examine whether it is associated with measures of religiosity and religious practice.
Material/Methods
The self-administered FACIT-Sp questionnaire, containing 12 spiritual well-being items, was translated into the Polish language, following the FACIT multilingual translation methodology. A group of 355 patients with chronic diseases were enrolled. Validation analysis was conducted. The reliability of the scale and subscales was evaluated with internal consistency coefficients.
Results
A confirmatory factor analysis corroborated a 3-factor model (Meaning, Peace, and Faith) of the FACIT-Sp-12 Polish version, which showed moderate internal consistency. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.614 for the overall scale, 0.657 for the Meaning subscale, 0.873 for the Peace subscale, and 0.855 for the Faith subscale. The mean score was 29.46 (SD=6.69) for the overall spiritual well-being scale. Total scores of the FACIT-Sp-12 were strongly correlated with the Polish version of the Duke University Religion Index.
Conclusions
The psychometric properties of the Polish version of the FACIT-Sp-12 were satisfactory, and the scale can be used in Poland for assessing the spiritual well-being of patients with chronic illness.
... Considering that FACIT-Sp is a specific questionnaire for assessing spirituality in patients with chronic diseases and specific tools are more responsive to important health changes, the use of this questionnaire is recommended. It is worth mentioning that the validity and reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed by Jafari et al. in Tehran in 2013 [18]. In this study, the internal consistency coefficient of the scale was measured using Cronbach's alpha, and the obtained value of 0.83 indicated a good level of reliability. ...
Background
Spirituality and psychological resilience can be considered as a protective factor for coping with anxiety in geriatric populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the structural model related to the mediating role of spirituality and psychological resilience in predicting the relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction in older adults with chronic illness.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, one hundred patients over sixty years of age from one university hospital were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Spiritual Health Scale, the Anxiety Module of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) structure modeling.
Results
There was a positive and significant relationship between resilience, spirituality and life satisfaction of the samples. The structural model showed that spirituality, and psychological resilience mediated in the relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction directly and in indirectly in the older people with chronic disease, explaining approximately 34% of the variance in life satisfaction.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that spirituality and psychological resilience can help older adults with chronic illness to negate the impact of anxiety on satisfaction, with the effect of spirituality being stronger than resilience in this relationship.
... Gonzalez P. and colleagues (2014) mentioned that the FACIT-Sp meaning/peace subscale predicted depressive symptoms after adjusting for demographics and the FACIT-Sp faith subscale [12]. In addition, the FACIT-Sp meaning/peace subscale predicted health-related QOL, especially functional well-being [30,31]. In another study, Al-Natour A. et al. ...
... Therefore, higher meaning/peace among Muslim patients reflects positively on their physical health and levels of symptom distress. On the other hand, according to the literature, the faith subscale generally is not associated with physical health or health-related QOL in both Muslims and non-Muslims [30,31,33,34]. In our study, the faith subscale predicted the level of symptom distress, however, to a lesser degree than the meaning/peace subscale. ...
Purpose
To explore the effect of spiritual well-being on the symptom experience of patients with cancer.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional survey that enrolled 459 patients with cancer from three large hospitals in Jordan in 2018. Participants completed questionnaires related to demographic data, spiritual well-being, and symptom experience. Additional information was obtained from the medical record review. We then conducted multiple regression to evaluate if spiritual well-being predicts the patients’ reported symptom distress.
Results
Patients reported thirty-six symptoms. Of which 15 have a prevalence of more than 30%. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom (n = 282, 61.4%), followed by pain (n = 243, 52.9%) and anxiety (n = 230, 50.1%). Spiritual well-being predicted 7.1% of the total variance in patients’ symptom distress (F, 19.650; p < 0.0001). Additional predictors were gender, education level, having a problem covering the treatment cost, family cancer history, and whether taking a complementary treatment or not.
Conclusions
Patients with cancer experience multiple symptoms related to the disease and its treatment. Improving patients’ spiritual well-being through an increased sense of meaning and peace can improve cancer symptom experience by decreasing symptom distress. In general, hospitals in Jordan focus on direct symptom management and do not look after patients’ spiritual needs. Raising awareness about the importance of patients’ spiritual well-being and providing appropriate spiritual assessment and interventions to patients with spiritual distress can improve patients’ symptom experience.
... Globally, the FACIT-Sp-12 has been tested multiple times for various populations (e.g., cancer, HIV/AIDS, elderly) in different contexts (e.g., Brazil, Denmark, Korea, Iran, Jordan, Norway, United States). 2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Nevertheless, we deemed specific testing of the FACIT-Sp-12 in the Dutch context to be important. Namely, the Netherlands is a highly secularized society, with secularization understood as "the falling off of religious beliefs and practices, in people turning away from God, and no longer going to Church". ...
... 30 The next steps concentrate on the testing of the scale. With regard to item reduction, some studies found problematic items such as the reversed Items 4 and 8. 9,16,19,20 Item reduction for the Dutch version was performed by FACIT.org, unfortunately data of this process are not available. ...
... Reported internal consistency with Cronbach's α coefficient for the FACIT-Sp-12 and its different translations was high: between 0.65 and 0.93 for the total scale, and the two or three subscales. 2,7,8,10,[13][14][15][16][19][20][21]31,33 For the total Dutch FACIT-Sp-12 a coefficient of 0.79-0.85 was reported across five samples including two cancer patient samples. ...
Objective
Although the Dutch Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being 12 Item Scale (FACIT-Sp-12) has been used in several Dutch studies, no study has assessed the measurement properties of the translation. The aim of this study was to perform an item-reduction analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, test of reliability and test of convergent validity.
Methods
From the baseline data of a cohort study on experienced quality of care and quality of life (eQuiPe study), 400 advanced cancer patients without missing values on any of the variables were selected. In addition to demographic and religious/spiritual characteristics, study measures included the FACIT-Sp-12 and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30).
Results
Item reduction analysis showed that items 4 and 8 had low correlations to the total scale (<.30). Items 6 and 7, and items 9, 10 and 11 were highly correlated (>.75). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for a 3-factor structure with Meaning, Peace and Faith, and good Cronbach’s α coefficients for the total as well as the subscales (.71-.86). The removal of items 4, 8 and 12 further improved the goodness of fit and Cronbach’s α coefficients. Convergent validity was adequate with the EORTC-QLQ-C30.
Conclusions
Our analysis of the FACIT-Sp-12 revealed serious questions about 3 items and concerns about the Faith subscale. These problematic items deserve further attention so should be interpreted with care when using this scale. A future study could look into the items and test possible replacements.
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... Cronbach's α reliability coefficient for the FACIT-Sp subscales ranged from 0.72 to 0.90. The CFA generally replicated the original conceptualization of the three subscales of the FACIT-Sp12 (i.e., peace, meaning, and faith) (59). Concurrently, in the present study, the category of "monotheistic cognition" and the subcategory of the "rapprochement care", which contained two sub-subcategories of "seek divine satisfaction" and "excellency caregiver" led to the growth of the perfection of personality in the caregiver. ...
Abstract
Objectives: High tension is the leading cause of the increased risk of mortality among family caregivers (FCGs), resulting in inadequate care and abandonment of the patient. Spirituality promotion is a sense of mastery and control and strength to endure the stressors of illness. To the best of our knowledge, no tool is available for investigating the current spiritual state of the FCG and identifying the need for spiritual intervention in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the level of independence of patients with chronic disease and to explore the concept of spirituality and psychometric of related scale, namely, caregiver’s spiritual empowering scale (CSES).
Materials and Methods: This study used a multiphase mixed-method approach and was conducted from June 2016 to August 2018 in the southwestern region of Iran. The cross-sectional surveys of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were conducted on people with chronic diseases (n = 389) in the first phase. In the second phase, the exploratory sequential mixed method was applied for content analysis study (n = 26) and psychometric of CSES in FCG (n = 395).
Results: The caregivers’ age was within the range of 17-74 years (42 Mean ± 12SD). Based on the results of ADL IADL, 87% and 99.5% of patients were dependent or in need of help. In the qualitative study phase, four main categories emerged in the context of “Empowering spirituality”. The reliability and validity of CSES including 12 items loaded one a single factor were confirmed based on the content validity ratio >0.45, content validity index >0.78, kappa coefficient >0.75, impact score > 1.5, α = 0.92, interclass correlation coefficient = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.90-0.92, r = 0.57, P = 0.000, standard error of the mean = 1.64, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index = 94, P < 0.001.
Conclusions: In general, spiritual empowerment is essential as a low-cost and effective method in increasing the dependence of people with chronic diseases and the risk of burnout in FCG. Accordingly, the CSES is considered a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the status of empowerment spirituality in informal caregivers and the effectiveness of interventions.
Keywords: Family caregiver, Empowerment, Spirituality, Chronic disease, Psychometric, Caregiver’s spiritual empowering scale
... Table S2. Papers included in the review [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. [24,33] only, as [3] calculated such scores using different items and [34] didn't provide this information. ...
Abstract
Background: Spirituality is particularly important for patients suffering from life-threatening illness. Despite research showing the benefits of spiritual assessment and care for terminally ill patients, their spiritual needs are rarely addressed in clinical practice. This study examined the factor structure and reliability of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual (FACIT-Sp) in patients with advanced cancer. It also examined the clinical meaning and reference intervals of FACIT-Sp scores in cancer patients subgroups through a literature review.
Methods: A forward-backward translation procedure was adopted to develop the Italian version of the FACIT-Sp, which was administered to 150 terminally ill cancer patients. Exploratory factor analysis was used for construct validity, while Cronbach’s α was used to assess the reliability of the scale.
Results: This study replicates previous findings indicating that the FACIT-Sp distinguish well between features of meaning, peace, and faith. In addition, the internal consistency of the FACIT-Sp was acceptable. The literature review also showed that terminal cancer patients have the lowest scores on the Faith and Meaning subscales, whereas cancer survivors have the highest scores on Faith.
Conclusions: The Italian version of the FACIT-Sp has good construct validity and acceptable reliability. Therefore, it can be used as a tool to assess spiritual well-being in Italian terminally ill cancer patients. This study provides reference intervals of FACIT-Sp scores in newly diagnosed cancer patients, cancer survivors, and terminally ill cancer patients and further highlights the clinical meaning of such detailed assessment.
... Both the original and Persian versions of this scale showed good reliability and validity. 32,33 Translation Procedures and Evaluation of Content and Face Validity. After obtaining permission from the author for the translation and application of the SpNQ, the questionnaire was translated using a modified forward/ backward translation procedure. ...
Context. Spirituality plays an important role in coping with chronic diseases for patients and they often report unmet spiritual and existential needs, which should be considered for a holistic view of their health. Studying spiritual needs in this generation requires culturally appropriate and valid instruments. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). Methods. The ''forward-backward'' procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran. The validity was assessed using content, face, and construct validity. The Cronbach alpha and test-retest were used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Results. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution for the questionnaire, which included religious needs, existential needs, forgiveness/generativity needs, need for inner peace, and emotional needs. These accounted for 60.1% of the total observed variance. One item was removed (factor loading <0.4). Convergent validity was supported mostly by the pattern of association between SpNQ-PV and the Spiritual Well-being Scale. Cronbach alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.56 to 0.78 and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72 to 0.91, which indicated an acceptable range of reliability. Conclusion. The SpNQ-PV showed a minor difference in structuring and indicated good psychometric properties, which can be used to assess the spiritual needs of Iranian elders suffering from chronic diseases. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018;55:94e100.
... Both the original and Persian versions of this scale showed good reliability and validity. 32,33 Translation Procedures and Evaluation of Content and Face Validity. After obtaining permission from the author for the translation and application of the SpNQ, the questionnaire was translated using a modified forward/ backward translation procedure. ...
... The scores in each scale are ranged from 0-16 and the total score from 0-48. Both the original and Persian versions of this scale showed good reliability and validity (33,34). ...
Context:
Spirituality plays an important role in coping with chronic diseases for patients and they often report unmet spiritual and existential needs, which should be considered for a holistic view of their health. Studying spiritual needs in this generation requires culturally appropriate and valid instruments. The aim of this study is to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ).
Methods:
The 'forward-backward' procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran. The validity was assessed using content, face, and construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha and test-retest were used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire.
Results:
The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution for the questionnaire, which included religious needs, existential needs, forgiveness/gTel: 982532944710enerativity needs, need for inner peace, and emotional needs. These accounted for 60.1% of the total observed variance. One item was removed (factor loading<0.4). Convergent validity was supported mostly by the pattern of association between SpNQ-PV and the spiritual well-being scale. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.56-0.78 and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72-0.91, which indicated an acceptable range of reliability.
Conclusion:
The SpNQ-PV showed a minor difference in structuring and indicated good psychometric properties, which can be used to assess the spiritual needs of Iranian elders suffering from chronic diseases.
... This study was conducted to assess spiritual wellbeing among Greek hemodialysis patients and to explore its association with clinical, social and demographic variables. According to the results of the present study, Greek hemodialysis patients had poorer spiritual wellbeing compared to other studies contacted in hemodialysis patients [27], as well as in women suffering by breast cancer [28,29], but the were similar to others finding from patients suffering by diabetes 2 [30]. Results from the present study revealed that subscales of spiritual wellbeing sp. 12, are associated with gender, age, duration of dialysis and comorbidities among others. ...
Aim:
the present study aims to evaluate spiritual wellbeing in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and its relation to sociodemographic and clinical variables.
Methods:
A convenience sample of 183 individuals undergoing hemodialysis was recruited. Measurements were conducted with the following instruments: (a) a sheet containing demographic data and clinical information such as duration of dialysis e.t.c (b) Facit Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (Facit-Sp12). Statistical analysis was contacted with SPSS v.22. Descriptive statistics were initially generated for sample characteristics. Parametric and no-parametric statistics were used for searching the relations between the variables. P values <0.05 were defined as reflecting the acceptable level of statistical significance.
Results:
From the total of the 183 participants of the study the 69.9% were male and 30.1% female. The age range was from 26 to 88 years old, with mean 61.39 ± 14.11. The subscale "peace" is associated to gender (t = 2.150, p = 0.033), educational level (F = 2.698, p = 0.047) and duration of dialysis (F = 2.969, p = 0.033) and religious beliefs (t = -2.059, p = 0.041). The subscale "faith" is associated to gender (t = -3.428, p = 0.001), age (p = 0.006), number of children (F = 4.347, p = 0.014). Moreover, the subscale "meaning" is associated to age (p = 0.001). Finally its worth to be mentioned that comorbidity is associated to subscales "meaning" (t = -2.071, p = 0.040), "peace" (t = -2.377, p = 0.018) and the overall spiritual wellbeing (t = -1.988, p = 0.048).
Conclusions:
Social, demographic factors as well as clinical variables such duration of dialysis and comorbidities are affecting spiritual wellbeing in end stage renal disease.
