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F I G U R E 2 Mean effect sizes of random-effect models (mean Hedges’ g ±95% confidence interval) for the abundance of forest specialist (a), generalist (b), and open-habitat ground beetle species (c). Values in brackets refer to the number of species for whose abundance the mean effect size was calculated. A negative g value means higher abundance in forest edges than interiors. The mean effect size was considered statistically significant if the 95% bootstrap confidence interval (CI) did not include zero. “Edges with human influences” represents data from edges under anthropogenic influences (agriculture, forestry, industry, recreation, or urbanization).
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Most edges are anthropogenic in origin, but are distinguishable by their maintaining processes (natural vs. continued anthropogenic interventions: forestry, agriculture, urbanization). We hypothesized that the dissimilar edge histories will be reflected in the diversity and assemblage composition of inhabitants. Testing this “history-based edge eff...
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1. Agricultural intensification and expansion has been suggested to be a major driver of the loss of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Recent studies have shown that landscape-level effects in addition to on-site management are of significant importance for insect declines.
2. We here compared carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) as...
The members of the genus Carabus are among the most intensively studied beetle taxa, but many aspects of their autecology are still unexplored. We aimed to study the relationship between measured abiotic parameters and the spatial and temporal distribution of signature carabid species. Carabus assemblages were sampled by pitfalls at six sites belon...
The rediscovery of the rare and endangered species Carabus (Hygrocarabus) variolosus is reported after its last record from 1909. The only known locality (Stara Planina Mts, Varshets Town) was confirmed. New records at similar habitats in the region could be expected in the future, based on extensive surveys with the proposed methods.
Resumen: Se examinaron especímenes de Notiobia (Anisotarsus) cupripennis (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) colectados en ocho regiones de Perú. Esta especie fue registrada previamente en varios países sudamericanos y territorios insulares fuera del continente americano. Se realizan algunos comentarios acerca de la amplitud de hábit...
In carabid beetles, several morphometric parameters may vary from one habitat to another. Body size is one of the most important traits in animals because it directly relates to fitness and changes across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. In this paper, we compare two populations of Nebria kratteri (Coleoptera, Carabidae) sampled in two old fo...
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... Previous research has shown that carabid abundance and species richness decrease from the margin towards the field interior, showing high values up to ten to fifteen meters from habitat boundaries (Boetzl et al., 2024(Boetzl et al., , 2019Skirvin et al., 2011). The highest species richness of carabids on field margins is often attributed to better habitat quality, including vegetation diversity and density, which, in turn, leads to increased potential prey items (Magura et al., 2017). Furthermore, carabids from different habitats may have greater mobility than open-habitat carabid species within fields, which facilitates their spillover from margins into crops (Allema et al., 2015). ...
... Edge effects are commonly accompanied by significant species turnover, as the communities near the margin include a large proportion of species from neighboring non-crop habitats that spillover into arable fields, which are gradually replaced by agrobiont species (Blitzer et al., 2012;Ganser et al., 2018;Tölgyesi et al., 2018;van Schalkwyk et al., 2020). Furthermore, non-crop habitat margin characteristics can also explain the limited effects on arthropod communities, as some margins can support arthropod dispersal and migration, while others may represent instead a barrier or a low-quality habitat (Magura et al., 2017;Woodcock et al., 2016). ...
... As we also observed no significant effects of field margin proximity on the abundance of arthropod predators (just significantly increased carabid species richness), similar predation rates at different distances from the field margin are not surprising. It has been shown that vegetation density and plant species richness in field margins are major drivers of in-field predator abundance (Magura, 2002;Magura et al., 2017;Woodcock et al., 2016). The low vegetation diversity characterizing most of the field margins in our experimental study might explain why their proximity failed to significantly influence predation rates. ...
Agricultural intensification and landscape simplification are among the major drivers of biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes. Increasing field edges might be a key solution for enhancing biodiversity and related ecosystem services within arable fields. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of nine arthropod groups and weed seed and pest predation rates across different distances from field edges and crop types. Furthermore, we tested the relationship between local carabid abundance and species richness and directly measured weed seed and pest predation rates. Most of the investigated taxa were not affected by field margin proximity, except for carabid species richness and the abundance of bees and wasps, hoverflies, and myriapods, which were high near the edge. We found a higher abundance of carabids and herbivores in oilseed rape compared to other crops, while hoverflies, bees and wasps were more abundant in cereal. True bug abundance was significantly higher in oilseed rape interiors compared to edges. Weed seed predation and pest predation by small mammals were the highest at 36 m from the field margin, probably due to small mammal distribution, while pest predation by arthropods did not show any significant pattern. Both weed seed predation rate and arthropod pest predation were positively related to carabid abundance and negatively to species richness. Contrasting responses across nine investigated arthropod taxa indicate that redesigning agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity across taxa will be challenging, and further studies are needed to fully understand the spatial distribution of arthropods and related ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes.
... Forest edges also differ in their origin and maintaining processes, and the age, history, and origin of edges can also be important drivers of DEI (Harper et al., 2015;Strayer et al., 2003). Forest edges maintained by natural processes (succession, irregular extensive grazing, and irregular mowing) versus edges repeatedly disturbed and maintained by anthropogenic activities (forestry, agriculture, urbanization) have different structural and functional characteristics and have different filter function (history-based edge effect hypothesis; Magura et al., 2017). Forest edges maintained by natural processes have a stratified horizontal structure, making them less permeable, inhibiting the extensive influx of species from the adjacent (usually non-forested) matrix into the forest interior. ...
... We used published information on ground beetle species, and sought to quantify the DEI on species with different feeding habits in forest edges. Ground beetles were selected as study objects because their taxonomy and traits including feeding habit are well known, they are common and abundant in most terrestrial habitats and thus may have an important ecological role in ecosystems (Lövei and Sunderland, 1996), and there are sufficient data from edge studies to make them suitable for testing their edge responses (Magura et al., 2017). Edge history and the nature of contrast between a forest fragment and its surrounding matrix are important factors to determine the reaction of both forest specialists and matrix generalists to forest fragmentation. ...
... Edge history and the nature of contrast between a forest fragment and its surrounding matrix are important factors to determine the reaction of both forest specialists and matrix generalists to forest fragmentation. Forest edges maintained by natural processes have higher carabid species richness, while those under continued anthropogenic influence do not (Magura et al., 2017). A forest fragment with an anthropogenic edge is vulnerable to invasion by macropterous open-habitat species, while natural forest edges are impenetrable for them (Magura and Lövei, 2020b). ...
Anthropogenic habitat loss and fragmentation are major concerns to conservationists, since these processes lead to species decline and extinction. Edge effect is one of the most important causes of biodiversity losses in fragmented habitats. The depth of edge influence, the distance over which the edge effect penetrates into the adjacent habitat is a central issue, as it fundamentally determines whether the habitat fragment has any remaining core habitat, which is essential for the survival of habitat specialist species. We reviewed 204 edge studies on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of different feeding habits, in forests, one of the habitats most impacted by humans. Meta-analysing 1814 abundance data of 351 ground beetle species from forest edges and their adjoining interiors, we showed that forest edges had significantly higher abundance of herbivorous, omnivorous, and predatory ground beetles than their interiors. Edge history considerably affected the depth of edge influence which on all trophic groups was similar in natural edges and those maintained by agriculture (≤ 10-20 m), while it was wider (> 300 m) when created by forestry or other anthropogenic activities. Consequently , the minimum area of a forest fragment should be ~ 330 ha in order to keep half of it as core habitat to preserve forest-interior species.
... Kondisi lingkungan di habitat tepi memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan kondisi lingkungan di dalam hutan (Ramadhani et al., 2017). Dampak ekologis terhadap tumbuhan, hewan, maupun organisme lain dari bertemunya dua kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda tersebut di sebut efek tepi (edge effect) (Magura et al., 2017). Menurut Harper et al. (2005), tepi atau edge adalah batas antara dua tipe ekosistem yang berbeda; forest edge adalah batas antara ekosistem yang berhutan dengan tidak berhutan atau antara dua hutan yang memiliki komposisi atau struktur yang berbeda; dan edge effect adalah efek dari proses-proses pada bagian tepi yang menyebabkan perbedaan struktur, komposisi, dan fungsi di dekat tepi dibandingkan dengan ekosistem sebelahnya. ...
Kawasan Prevab dan Sangkima merupakan daerah sebaran populasi dan habitat orangutan di Taman Nasional Kutai. Kondisi lingkungan habitat tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan kondisi lingkungan di hutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui respon efek tepi terhadap Orangutan di kawasan wisata Sangkima dan Prevab. Respon efek tepi dianalisis berdasarkan perilaku bersarang Orangutan pada habitat tepi di sungai Sangata dan jalan utama Bontang-Sangata. Survei sarang orangutan dilakukan dengan metode transek sepanjang 1.000 m. Estimasi populasi orangutan kemudian dikalkulasikan. Kualitas habitat dianalisis menggunakan metode plot vegetasi 25 unit (20 m x 20 m). Estimasi populasi orangutan di wilayah Prevab adalah 246 individu (95% atas = 285 ind. & 95% bawah = 212 ind) dan Sangkima adalah 619 individu (95% upper = 688 ind dan 95% lower = 557 ind.). Kondisi habitat orangutan terdiri dari 122 jenis pohon, dimana 80 jenis pohon pakan ditemukan di Prevab dan 70 jenis ditemukan di Sangkima. Efek tepi dibuktikan dengan kecenderungan Orangutan membuat sarang lebih banyak mengarah ke bagian tepi hutan di wilayah Prevab maupun Sangkima.
... We also documented many species considered longleaf pine specialists (fox squirrels and Northern bobwhite) within the hardwoods, suggesting these areas contain important resources for these species. Our results support the findings of Magura et al. (2017), specifically that anthropogenically maintained edges are often porous to open-habitat species, allowing them to utilize the forest. ...
Restoring and maintaining biodiversity in a changing world is increasingly challenging due to the competing needs of species for suitable space and resources. One ecosystem that has seen considerable anthropogenic changes in extent and structure is the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. Understanding how wildlife responds to restoration is important to informing forest restoration and conservation. We monitored game birds and mid‐large‐sized mammal occupancy in and around hardwood patches embedded within a longleaf pine woodland at The Jones Center at Ichauway in Newton, GA. We found that 11 species use the transition zone between the longleaf pine and hardwood hammocks. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and nine‐banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) occupancy increased along the gradient while fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) declined. Our results suggest that oak patches and transitional zones are important to maintaining biodiversity within the longleaf pine ecosystem.
... Field edges can act reservoir for invasive weeds and other undesirable microbial pathogens [93]. However, the reverse is also true, a diverse weed community can provide ecosystem services and habitat to beneficial species [82,94,95]. Multiple management strategies are needed to successfully manage edge habitats valuable to many aspects of the agroecosystem. ...
Edge effects resulting from adjacent land uses are poorly understood in agroecosystems yet understanding above and belowground edge effects is crucial for maintaining ecosystem function. The aim of our study was to examine impacts of land management on aboveground and belowground edge effects, measured by changes in plant community, soil properties, and soil microbial communities across agroecosystem edges. We measured plant composition and biomass, soil properties (total carbon, total nitrogen, pH, nitrate, and ammonium), and soil fungal and bacterial community composition across perennial grassland-annual cropland edges. Edge effects due to land management were detected both aboveground and belowground. The plant community at the edge was distinct from the adjacent land uses, where annual, non-native, plant species were abundant. Soil total nitrogen and carbon significantly decreased across the edge (P < 0.001), with the highest values in the perennial grasslands. Both bacterial and fungal communities were different across the edge with clear changes in fungal communities driven directly and indirectly by land management. A higher abundance of pathogens in the more heavily managed land uses (i.e. crop and edge) was detected. Changes in plant community composition, along with soil carbon and nitrogen also influenced the soil fungal community across these agroecosystems edges. Characterizing edge effects in agroecosystem, especially those associated with soil microbial communities, is an important first step in ensuring soil health and resilience in these managed landscapes.
... The carabid response to various types of disturbance and stress (e.g. clear-cutting, forest fires, anthropogenic pollution) has often led to decreased abundance of late-successional fauna and increased abundance of early-successional fauna, producing an increase in species richness (Beaudry et al. 1997;Magura et al. 2001Magura et al. , 2015Magura et al. , 2017Koivula and Niemelä 2003;Paquin 2008;Nagy et al. 2016;Kędzior et al. 2018;Kosewska et al. 2018). The response of carabids to stand disturbance by windthrow has been reported in a number of studies (Duelli et al. 2002;Kašák et al. 2017;Skłodowski 2017a). ...
The usual practice following a windthrow event is salvage logging of all damaged trees. This study was carried out in a pine stand affected by storms with varying disturbance severities in which no salvage logging was performed. Epigeic carabids(Coleoptera) were the test taxon. How does windthrow severity and disturbance legacies affect the abundance, richness and life traits of carabid assemblages? Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) the more severe the disturbance, the higher the abun-dance and species richness, and the lower the proportion of late-successional fauna in carabid assemblages, and (2) pine tree crowns lying on the ground support a higher proportion of late-successional carabid species, the effect of which should be more pronounced in more severely disturbed stands but will decrease as needles fall off over the next 3 years. To test the first hypothesis, 3 degrees of stand disturbance were distinguished. Both hypotheses were partially supported. Simultaneously, it was demonstrated that the importance of the leaf area index for carabids decreased over the 3 years, while the significance of the soil respiration rate and soil humidity increased. During the 3 years, the percentage of carabid forest species living under the fallen tree crowns remained at the same level. The findings indicate that there is a rationale for leaving fallen trees in place together with their crowns, while in tree stands where salvage logging is performed, whole crowns should be leftcut-off from trunks to provide shelter for forest species
(18) (PDF) Leaving windthrown stands unsalvaged as a management practice for facilitating late-successional carabid assemblages. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367361151_Leaving_windthrown_stands_unsalvaged_as_a_management_practice_for_facilitating_late-successional_carabid_assemblages [accessed Jan 24 2023].
... Our results support the notion that habitat boundaries are also valuable habitats in their own rights. They harbour a high taxonomic diversity, distinct species assemblages, and provide habitat for edge specialists (see also Magura et al., 2017). Boundaries may thus be directly linked to increased taxonomic and functional diversity in agricultural landscapes and may thus underlie positive effects of configurational heterogeneity on biodiversity. ...
Arthropod biodiversity in agricultural landscapes is favoured by high levels of compositional and configurational heterogeneity. In terms of composition, the high value of non-crop habitats is firmly established. In contrast, the causes underlying positive effects of configurational heterogeneity, i.e. patch size and boundary length, are less well understood. We here test the hypothesis that boundaries comprise valuable habitats in its own right by enhancing the taxonomic diversity of carabid beetles and spiders. We used pitfall traps placed along transects running from the interior of wheat fields across the habitat boundary to the interior of unmanaged grassland fallows. Taxonomic diversity was highest around the boundaries due to (1) spillover effects but also (2) species showing a distinct preference for edge habitat. For carabids, habitat boundaries harboured distinct species assemblages. Grassland fallows had, especially in spiders, positive effects on the taxonomic diversity of crop fields close to the boundary, while no negative effects of crop fields on adjacent fallows could be found. Overall, taxonomic diversity was higher in grassland fallows than in crop fields, though differences were surprisingly small. The high taxonomic diversity found for boundaries suggest that these may comprise valuable habitats in its own rights, which in turn may causally underpin positive effects of configurational heterogeneity on arthropod diversity in agroecosystems. Thus, increasing configurational heterogeneity, e.g. by promoting small field sizes and high edge density, seems an important tool for preserving farmland biodiversity.
... Forest edge effects are also mediated by the edge history (Aragón et al., 2015;Harper et al., 2015;Lourenço et al., 2019;Magura et al., 2017). Edges created by natural ecological processes (ecotones) are permeable to disturbance-sensitive species such as forest-specialist carabid species (Magura et al., 2017) or fruit-feeding butterflies (Lourenço et al., 2019), but they are restrictive to the invasion of forest interior by species from open habitats (Magura et al., 2017). ...
... Forest edge effects are also mediated by the edge history (Aragón et al., 2015;Harper et al., 2015;Lourenço et al., 2019;Magura et al., 2017). Edges created by natural ecological processes (ecotones) are permeable to disturbance-sensitive species such as forest-specialist carabid species (Magura et al., 2017) or fruit-feeding butterflies (Lourenço et al., 2019), but they are restrictive to the invasion of forest interior by species from open habitats (Magura et al., 2017). However, edges created by anthropogenic activities (timber harvesting, deforestation for agriculture, gravel roads, gas pipelines, etc.) are generally hostile to many forest adapted species (Haddad et al., 2015;Kowal and Cartar, 2012;Pinksen et al., 2021). ...
... Forest edge effects are also mediated by the edge history (Aragón et al., 2015;Harper et al., 2015;Lourenço et al., 2019;Magura et al., 2017). Edges created by natural ecological processes (ecotones) are permeable to disturbance-sensitive species such as forest-specialist carabid species (Magura et al., 2017) or fruit-feeding butterflies (Lourenço et al., 2019), but they are restrictive to the invasion of forest interior by species from open habitats (Magura et al., 2017). However, edges created by anthropogenic activities (timber harvesting, deforestation for agriculture, gravel roads, gas pipelines, etc.) are generally hostile to many forest adapted species (Haddad et al., 2015;Kowal and Cartar, 2012;Pinksen et al., 2021). ...
Pristine Azorean forests have been deeply fragmented since human colonization. Fragmentation increases the length of edges and it therefore promotes edge habitats. Studying the impact of edge habitat on species assemblages is crucial to highlight the importance of forest connectivity and guide management strategies.
This study explores the impact of forest edges on arthropod assemblages, and particularly investigates the differences of arthropod communities between three habitats, along a distance gradient from the forest edge near a pasture matrix to the core forest. We also compare patterns of arthropod communities with different biogeographic status (endemic, native non-endemic, and introduced species), given the island context. We sampled in a pristine forest on Terceira Island bordered by semi-natural pastures, using flight interception traps.
Overall, endemic species dominated arthropod abundances whereas species richness and diversity were similar between the three biogeographic categories. We found evidence of a strong edge effect on arthropod assemblages, adjusted both by biogeographic categories and seasonality. Indigenous (endemic and native non-endemic) species abundances were higher in the forest interior than at the edges or intermediate habitats, suggesting that indigenous arthropod assemblages were sensitive to the distance from the edge, a distance extended over 100 m to the core forest, whereas introduced species abundances were not impacted. Species diversity and richness did not differ between the three habitats either, regardless of the biogeographic categories. The composition of arthropods between the three habitats differed significantly when we considered all species or endemic species only, but not with native non-endemic or introduced species. However, the difference got obscured when seasonality was included in the analyses, suggesting that even though edges impact species composition, this impact varies seasonally and endemic species are particularly affected in early summer.
Our results indicate that forest edges impact arthropods assemblages but endemic species are more likely to be constrained by the increase of edges than introduced species. Since most of these endemic species are of conservation concern, we urge to avoid forest management strategies that increase fragmentation and call for action to increase the size of protected natural parks.
... angesehen werden, sondern auch als Chance für die Waldregeneration. Windwürfe sowie Borkenkäferstandorte schaffen Waldlücken mit artenreichen biotischen Gemeinschaften -natürliche Störungen sind daher nicht nur eine Bedrohung für den wirtschaftlichen Wert des Waldes, sondern auch eine Chance für die Anreicherung von Totholz, die Wiederherstellung eines strukturreichen Waldes und die Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt(Ulanova 2000;Przepióra et al. 2020;Müller et al. 2008).Waldränder können wichtige Lebensräume sein, sind aber auch Schadstoffen ausgesetzt, wenn intensiv bewirtschaftete Flächen an den Wald grenzen(Müller et al. 2007;Magura et al. 2017). Natürliche Waldränder, die nicht durch intensive Landnutzung beeinträchtigt werden (z.B. ...
... In our study, forest NCHI typically hosted slightly more abundant and species-rich assemblages of carabids, rove beetles and myriapods, and those assemblages were composed of different species compared to grassy NCHI. This pattern can be driven by species-specific habitat requirements throughout the season, e.g., forest specialist species inhabit forest patches both in growth and winter season and only rarely move into neighbouring open habitats (Magura et al., 2017;Nardi et al., 2019). However, a substantial proportion of open-habitat species inhabiting arable fields spill-over into neighbouring forest patch edges during overwintering as illustrated for example by carabid beetles (Knapp et al., 2019;Roume et al., 2011). ...
Non-crop habitats are supposed to provide valuable resources to beneficial arthropods inhabiting agricultural landscapes during both the growing and winter seasons. Unfortunately, studies focused on the performance of non-crop habitats during the winter period are much less abundant, despite their importance for efficient biodiversity conservation measures. In this study, we assessed the distribution of ground-dwelling arthropods overwintering on arable land as well as the boundaries and interiors of neighbouring grassy and forest non-crop habitat islands. Myriapods, spiders, carabid and rove beetles were collected using a combination of quadrat sampling (soil sampling) and pitfall trapping. Our results revealed the importance of both non-crop habitat islands for overwintering arthropods, though slightly higher abundance and species richness were recorded in forest compared to grassy islands. Abundance and species richness of overwintering arthropods were lower on arable land for all the investigated taxa. Carabid and rove beetles overwintered more on non-crop boundaries than interiors, whereas spiders and myriapods used both boundaries and interiors. Landscape composition had stronger effects on carabids and myriapods collected with pitfall traps, which were benefitted in landscapes with high non-crop habitat cover. Grassy and forest non-crop habitat islands hosted different assemblages of myriapods, carabids and rove beetles, highlighting the complementarity of both non-crop habitat types for ground-dwelling arthropods. We recommend to preserve all existing non-crop habitat patches and to create new permanent non-crop habitat patches in intensively managed agricultural landscapes, as even relatively small non-crop habitat islands within the cultivated land can play a relevant role for overwintering arthropods.
