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Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a benign pathology that usually affects the joints of axial skeleton and being rare in temporomandibular joint region. Clinically, the presentation can be in the form of swelling, pain, clicking sounds, and mouth opening limitation. Imaging is a vital component to distinguish the conditions similar to SC. A case of S...
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... 59-year-old female reported to the outpatient department (OPD) (referred from ENT dept.) with the complaints of pain in front of right ear for the last 15 days. History revealed patient started having pain in front of right ear which was dull, continuous, and used to aggravate while eating cold things. She consulted in ENT department and was advised tab. Nimesulide, three times a day and ultrasonic therapy for 2 months and was relieved from the same. But pain was on and off in nature for which she used to take tab. Nimesulide on her own. There was increased pain for the last 15 days when she reported to dental OPD after referral from ENT department. There was positive medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 for which she was on medication for the last 13 years. Extraoral examination revealed a round swelling approx. 2 cm × 2 cm in right preauricular region, which was tender and fixed to underlying structures with normal color and texture of overlying skin [ Figure 1]. TMJ examination revealed the presence of clicking with respect to (wrt) right TMJ, mouth opening (MO) of 48 mm, and deviation of to mandibular condyle and also anteriorly below articular eminence. These calcified bodies measured 4-6 mm in size. The articular surface of mandibular condyle was flattened and the condyle was displaced anteriorly not articulating with the glenoid fossa but with the articular eminence. The articular disc was slightly deformed in shape with thin anterior band. Suspicious perforation of the articular disc was seen. These radiographic features were strongly suggestive of SC. Patient was explained about the surgical treatment modality for the lesion. As she was not willing for the surgery, treatment was deferred. Patient is kept under regular ...
Citations
... Parasitic infections through blood transfusions are generally rare. However, Malaria is a major cause of TTIs in tropical countries [56]. In addition to malaria transmission through mosquito bites, there have been rare malaria reports occurring through transfusion. ...
The need for blood is essential, but there is no timely access to safe blood for millions of individuals who need a transfusion. Additionally, blood transfusions can also be the fastest and simplest form of checking for the existence of transfusion-transmitted diseases to the recipients. Blood safety concerns are an issue of great concern in Middle Eastern Countries in which the inaccessibility or provision of unsafe blood has an adverse effect on morbidity and mortality in the region. Additionally, many organizations and safety procedures of blood transfusion in this region need to be updated. Articles containing the key phrases Middle Eastern Countries, Blood, blood donor, blood transfusion, transfusion safety, transfusion-transmitted infections, and transfusion guidelines published from 2003 to 2020 in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Therefore, to determine the most prevalent causes of transfusion-transmitted disease among blood donors in the Middle East countries, this literature review was intended for research. Based on the data gathered were potentially related to HBsAg and HCV prevalence in blood donors from most of the middle eastern countries. While no positive cases of either HIV Ag-Ab or syphilis antibodies have been recorded especially among the blood donated from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Based on recent studies findings, WHO, and the Food and Drug administration transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to recipients did not occur via blood transfusion. So that, In Middle Eastern countries, transfusion-transmitted infection remains a formidable problem. A similarly wide constellation of economic and operational challenges in the area parallels the diverse array of pathogens; this calls for a systemic solution that, as proposed by the WHO, involves regulatory, structural, and training initiatives.
... Cartilaginous metaplasia of synovial tissue leads to the deposition of cartilaginous nodules in the synovial membrane of the affected joint. 3 These nodules have the potential to grow, calcify and ossify within the articular space and eventually detach as loose bodies within the joint. 2 These loose bodies can damage the smooth articular cartilage covering the joint, causing osteoarthritis. Prompt diagnosis is, therefore, imperative. ...
... Synovial chondromatosis may occur secondary to pre-existing joint diseases such as arthritis, trauma or infection, or exist as a primary condition. 3 Radiological images are an integral part of distinguishing synovial chondromatosis from other similar conditions, with pathohistological analysis mandatory in confirming the disease. 1 Histologically, synovial chondromatosis is described in three stages of development. Primary synovial chondromatosis involves metaplasia in the synovial membrane without loose bodies. ...
... This may be successful where the nodules are confined to a single joint compartment, do not exhibit extraarticular extension and the particle size is less than 3mm. 1 Open joint surgery to remove all the loose cartilaginous bodies and synovial membrane is usually sufficient to control disease in the majority of cases, but condylectomy and discectomy may also be considered. 3 Dental professionals have a unique window of opportunity to screen for many conditions and diseases in the head and neck region. This can range from superficial skin lesions such as basal cell carcinoma, to deep conditions and bony pathology such as fibrous dysplasia. ...
Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign condition. It most commonly affects the large joints. Presentation in the temporomandibular joint is rare.
Our case was an incidental radiological finding and not diagnosed immediately, highlighting the ease with which conditions such as this can be missed, particularly in asymptomatic patients. Only 45% of patients with synovial chondromatosis show radiographic changes. Findings as significant as ours are unusual. An increased professional awareness of the radiological signs of synovial chondromatosis would be beneficial to improve diagnosis and prognosis for patients.
