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In this work, a variable size nut cracking machine has been designed, constructed and tested to improve the efficiency of shelling operation of quite a number of nuts. The machine is designed to be adaptable to the cracking requirements of some number of nuts, whose shell can be processed to brittleness. The machine performs two operations: shellin...
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... However, when walnut cracking was done by power operated cracker, the uncracked walnut percentage was recorded as 4.91% (Table 1) in case of Kaghazi walnuts and 3.63% in case of medium shelled walnuts (Table 2). Ojolo et al. (2015) and Oyebanji et al. (2012) reported higher percentage of uncracked nuts for variable size nut cracker and palm nut cracker machines respectively. Higher unbroken walnut percentage than the present study was reported by Ghafari et al. (2011) in mechanical walnut cracking. ...
The aim of the present study was to design, develop and evaluate hand operated and power driven crackers for walnuts. Kaghazi (thin shelled) and medium shelled walnuts after subjecting to pre-optimized soaking conditions were cracked by developed crackers. Different parameters were evaluated to check the performance of the power operated cracker and hand operated cracker in comparison to manual cracking. 100% shelling coefficient and cracking coefficient value of 1 were recorded in manual and hand operated cracking methods in both Kaghazi and medium shelled walnuts. The coefficient of wholeness was recorded highest in hand operated cracking method in both Kaghazi and medium shelled walnuts. The throughput capacity and effective throughput capacity was highest and labour requirement was least in power operated walnut cracking method followed by manual cracking and hand operated cracking methods in both Kaghazi and medium shelled walnuts. In both Kaghazi and medium shelled walnuts, the butter ball + kernel halve recovery and cracking efficiency was recorded maximum in hand operated cracking method. The economic analysis reveals that both hand operated and power operated crackers can be useful for small to medium scale walnut growers and processing industries.
... Palm nut in a natural rest position lies longitudinally so that the impact is applied along the lateral axis. Conventional mechanical nut crackers are often of the centrifugal type (Manuwa, 1997;Obiakor and Babatunde, 1999;Ojolo et al., 2015). The nuts are either fed into a slot on a rotor turning at a very high speed or are fed into a cracking chamber where they are impacted upon by metal beaters turning at a high speed which throws the nuts against a cracking ring. ...
... Adewale and Koya (2014) evaluated a rotary drum separator for the dry mixture of palm kernel and shell. Ojolo et al., (2015) developed a variable size nut cracker. However, existing devices have limitations in solving the problem completely (Koya and Faborode, 2006). ...
... Percentage cracked nut, separation efficiency and throughput capacity of the machine were determined using Equations (6-8) (Oyebanji et al., 2012;Ajewole, 2014;Udo et al., 2015;Ojolo et al., 2015). Cracking Efficiency, Ɛc (%) is the ratio of completely cracked nuts to the total weight of nuts fed into the hopper. ...
Experimental studies of some properties influencing cracking and separation of palm kernel from the shell was conducted in a palm kernel dual processing machine. A mechanical cracking cum separating machine was developed for the study. The cracking unit consists of feed hopper, impeller shaft, cracking drum and impeller blade. The nut falls by gravity through the hopper channel into the cracking drum where the cracking process takes place through the help of impeller blades that flip the palm nut against the walls of cylindrical cracking drum. The mass of cracked nut flows through the separating unit that separates the kernel from the shell. The separation is induced by high current of air mass generated by an axial fan. A dura palm variety was selected and a total sample of eighteen thousand (18000) palm nuts were obtained and
divided into two groups (feed rates), A and B, of eight thousand and ten thousand palm nuts respectively. Sample groups A and B were further divided into five sub – groups of four hundred (400) and five hundred (500) palm kernel nuts. Each sub group (feed rate) was replicated four times at different shaft speeds (600, 900, 1200, 1500 and 1800 rpm). Results showed that cracking efficiencies increased with respect to speed. Un-cracked nuts percentage ranged from 1.3 to 5.3% at 7.1% moisture content, and 1.6 to 4.5% for 400 and 500 feed rates, respectively. Cracking time for both feed rates decreased with shaft speed. Throughput capacity of 11.49 kg/h was observed
to be the lowest at 600 rpm and moisture content of 7.1% for both 400 feed rates and the highest throughput capacity of 37.16 kg/h was recorded at 1800 rpm at moisture contents of 9.3% and 16.1%. The results of this study shows that moisture content, engine speed and feed rate are significant parameters that influence cracking of nuts and separation of palm kernel from the shell
... Sustainable means of production and the use of modern technological advancement to provide easier means of production in replacement of the traditionally adopted system (Ojolo et al., 2015) is thus ineffitable. The objective of the machine is to extract the almond seed from the whole kernel, thus saving energy and time being consumed while using the manual method. ...
... The torque required by the crusher necessary for cracking the seed is estimated as (Ojolo et al., 2015): ...
... The force, F applied on the shaft is obtained by (Ojolo et al., 2015): ...
Almond seed extraction from whole kernel recovery is a process which is usually performed manually thus making it laborious and time consuming. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a means for almond seed extraction for whole kernel recovery to close the gap in domestic, commercial and industrial demand of almond seeds for food and industrial processing. The machine comprises of four units: the hopper; the cracking chamber which embeds the shaft, the hammer and electric motor. SolidWorks software was used to determine the responses of the machine critical elements. The sample of almond fruit used was picked from the premises of the University of Ilorin, Kwara State. The fruit (almond) was properly prepared by removing the fleshy parts from it and subjecting its seeds to a drying period of 7 days to 10 days at an average temperature of 35°C before was loaded into the extractor where cracking of the seeds was effected. Performance evaluation of the machine was conducted; its efficiency was found to be 82% with a throughput capacity of 42 kg h ⁻¹ and whole kernel recovery of 70%. The machine is affordable to both peasant farmers and process industries. © 2018, Int. Comm. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. All rights reserved.
Delonix regia has good potential for medicinal, nutritional, and energy applications. However, the manual process of decorticating Delonix regia is labor‐intensive, slow, and tedious. Mechanization of the decorticating process would be of value to its utilization for medicinal, food, feed, or fuel purposes. In this study, preliminary compressive strength tests were carried out on the D. regia pods to determine the force required to fracture the pods. Subsequently, a machine capable of separating the D. regia seeds from the pods was designed based on impact of beaters on pods. A prototype of the developed machine was evaluated to determine its performance in terms of decorticating efficiency, whole seed recovery, feed rate, and throughput. The compressive tests showed that a force of 602 N was required to fracture the D. regia pods in transverse orientation. The decorticating efficiency of the designed machine, which had a power rating of 6 kW, was 100.0%, and the whole seed recovery was estimated to be 98.4%. The throughput of the machine was 56.4 kg/h. The developed decorticating machine allows enhanced potential for medicinal and nutritional application of D. regia.
