Figure 2 - uploaded by Alphonse Badolo
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration on socioeconomic status of migrants using the case study of Sunyani municipal area of Ghana. Data were obtained from the migrants using a survey questionnaire. The study also employed Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 and regression analysis tool for data processing....
Citations
Background and objectives: Migration is the movement of people from one ecological region to another, it may be on temporary or permanent basis. Migration is a selective mechanism that impacts individuals and households economically, socially, educationally, and demographically, and it is an important phenomenon that many economists, particularly in developing countries, have addressed. Due to the varying situations in Ardabil province's rural areas, five counties (each with one watershed containing several villages) were chosen for this study, and the economic factors affecting rural-urban migration to ranchers were investigated.
Methodology: The current research was carried out in the Ardabil province, in 2020. The five counties of Ardabil, Nir, Namin, Sarein, and Kosar were initially evaluated, with a watershed in each chosen. In the next step, four villages from Ardabil's Kaftaragh watershed, three villages from Namin's Saqezchichae, nine villages from Sarein's Darvishchae, nine villages from Kosar's Likvanchae, and eight villages from Nir's Siahpoosh were chosen as statistical communities. In total, the statistical community includes ranchers from five counties and 33 villages in Ardabil province. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection techniques were questionnaire, observation, face-to-face interview and village population statistics. The questionnaire included some descriptive features of the villages, village residents and also 11 economic factors. The sample size based on Cochran's formula was estimated to be 372 people. Following that, the proportion of each watershed in the total sample size was calculated, and information was gathered through in-depth interviews and the completion of a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to extract the features of the statistical population. A single-sample t-test was used to assess the overall status of economic factors affecting ranchers’ migration. In addition, the Friedman test was utilized to rank the most important factors affecting migration and the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to look for significant differences between villages in terms of economic factors that influence migration.
Results: The results showed that 0.3% of the respondents with the lowest frequency had agricultural job and 85.5% with the highest frequency had the main job of livestock and agriculture. According to the findings, the average income in the agricultural sector is 167.6 million Iranian Rial, while the average income in the livestock sector is 309.1 million Iranian Rial. The income from livestock is nearly double that from agriculture, indicating that the research ranchers’ economy in the study area is more dependent on livestock. Moreover, the findings revealed that the most important economic factors affecting rural-urban migration were the lack of interest of the youth in continuing and expanding agricultural and livestock activities (mean rank = 9.78), more economic opportunities and access to higher-paying jobs in urban (mean rank = 9.56) and inequality of urban and rural facilities and welfare and livelihood services (mean rank = 8.88).
Conclusion: In general, since economic components are one of the most influential factors in rural-urban migration, it is possible using economic development of rural areas, attention to the needs of ranchers and especially the youth, reducing income inequality, increasing economic justice, increasing the attractiveness of rural jobs, infrastructure development, improving amenities, creating sustainable employment in rural areas, etc., to reduced rural-urban migration and even reverse urban-rural migration.
Rural-urban migration has been identified as one of the most important components of livelihood strategy and poverty reduction in many rural communities. The aim of this study was to conduct a factor analysis of indicators determining rural-urban migration among ranchers in Ardabil province's watersheds. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection tools were questionnaire, observation, and face-to-face interview. The statistical population included 9244 ranchers in 5 watersheds (33 villages) in Ardabil province, with a sample size of 372 persons based on Cochran's calculation. The questionnaire included 11 economic indicators, 10 social indicators and 6 indicators related to other factors affecting rural-urban migration. The Friedman test was utilized to rank the most important factors affecting in rural-urban migration of ranchers. The factor analysis test was used to analyze the variables impacting migration and the KMO index and the Bartlett test were utilized to assess the adequacy of the data. The results of the principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that among the studied indicators based on factor loading, 9 factors of economic-cultural security, welfare services, reverse migration, lack of motivation in rural areas, social participation, land, children's future, poor employment in rural and higher job chances in the city, respectively, explained a total of 85 percent of the variance of the data. In general, the findings of the present study can explain the essential priorities for reducing the livelihood and social problems of rural communities in the study region, as well as providing key organizations with the necessary information for efficient planning. This might ultimately reduce rural-urban migration.
