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Excipular structure in saxicolous Bacidia species, pretreated with N and stained with LCB. A, B. bagliettoana; B, B. curvispora; C, B. lithophila; D, B. littoralis; E, B. maccarthyi; F, B. scopulicola. Scales = 20 ?m.
Source publication
Descriptions, illustrations, discussion and an identification key are presented for six saxicolous and terricolous species of the lichen genus Bacidia De Not. occurring in temperate Australia and Tasmania. Three species are described as new to science: B. lithophila Kantvilas from northern Tasmania, characterized by having only brown apothecial pig...
Citations
... Ekman (1996) and Meyer & Printzen (2000) sought to formalize the nomenclature of the pigments and to standardize their reactions, and their scheme has proved very useful in taxonomic studies of many groups of lichens. For example, in Australia they have helped to clarify genera as diverse as Mycoblastus (Kantvilas 2009), Megalaria (Kantvilas 2016) and Bacidia (Kantvilas 2018a). ...
Thirty-five species of Micarea are recorded for Tasmania. Ten are described as new to science: M. ceracea Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from Victoria and New South Wales), characterized by a thallus containing perlatolic and didymic acids, pallid apothecia and 3(-4)-septate ascospores, 10-21 × 3·5-6 µm; M. cinereopallida Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from Chile), with a granular to coralloid, goniocyst-like thallus containing superlatolic acid, pallid to piebald apothecia and (0-)1-septate ascospores, 8-15 × 2·5-5 µm; M. micromelaena Kantvilas & Coppins, similar to the widespread M. melaena but with markedly smaller, 0-1-septate ascospores, 8-12·5 × 2·5-4 µm; M. oreina Kantvilas & Coppins, characterized by a thallus of globose areoles containing gyrophoric acid, black, subglobose apothecia, and 1-septate ascospores, 11-16·5 × 4·5-6·5 µm; M. pallida Coppins & Kantvilas, similar to M. ceracea but distinguished by the presence of porphyrilic acid and relatively small, 3-septate ascos-pores, 9·5-15 × 2·5-4 µm; M. prasinastra Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from New Zealand), a member of the M. prasina group with a finely granular-sorediose thallus containing gyrophoric acid, unpigmented apothecia and (0-)1-septate ascospores, 7-11·5 × 1·8-3·5 µm; M. rubiginosa Coppins & Kantvilas (also known from Chile), likewise allied to M. prasina but with apothecia containing Rubella-orange pigment and ascospores 0-1-septate, 9·5-17 × 3·5-5·5 µm; M. sandyana Kantvilas, related to M. ternaria (Nyl.) Vĕ zda but differing by smaller ascospores, 7-13·5 × 3·5-6 µm; M. saxicola Coppins & Kantvilas, characterized by a relatively thick, grey-brown, areolate thallus, convex, black apothecia and 0(-1)-septate ascospores, 7-18 × 4·5-7 µm; and M. tubaeformis Coppins & Kantvilas, related to M. flagellispora and with filiform ascospores, 45-100 × 1-2 µm, but differing by containing 2 ′-O-methylperlatolic acid and having funnel-shaped pycnidia. Ten species of Micarea are reported for Tasmania for the first time: M. almbornii Coppins, M. argopsinosa P. M. McCarthy & Elix, M. byssa-cea (Th. Fr.) Czarnota et al., M. contexta Hedl., M. farinosa Coppins & Aptroot, M. humilis P. M. McCarthy & Elix, M. incrassata Hedl., M. myriocarpa V. Wirth & Vě zda ex Coppins, M. nowakii Czarnota & Coppins and M. pseudocoppinsii Brand et al. Also recorded for the first time for Victoria are M. alabastrites (Nyl.) Coppins and M. cinerea (Schaer.) Hedl. A key to Micarea-like lichens in Tasmania, which includes Micarea itself as well as Brianaria, Psilolechia and Leimonis, is presented. Leimonis erratica (Körb.) R. C. Harris & Lendemer and Brianaria tuberculata (Sommerf.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson are recorded for Tasmania for the first time.
... On sandstone in sheltered underhangs in dry sclerophyll forest. The apothecia of this widespread, southern Australian species are extremely variable, ranging from dark grey to grey-brown to black, with variable amounts of brown, K+ purple brown, and greenish, N+ crimson, pigments in the excipulum, hypothecium and epihymenium; ascospores are acicular to narrowly fusiform, 3-7-septate, 24-48 × 2-3.5 µm (Kantvilas 2018c). Fig. 19A. ...
A ten-year study of the lichens of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, based on extensive fieldwork and a review of more than 1500 herbarium specimens, revealed a remarkable flora of 366 taxa. Fourteen appear to be restricted to the island, although they could be expected to occur on the southern Australian mainland, which is most similar to Kangaroo Island with respect to floristics and ecology, and where similar habitats can be found. In the course of the project, many species were recorded for South Australia for the first time, and a further 95 are reported here, including 19 that are first records for Australia as a whole. The most noteworthy of these include Aspicilia praecrenata (Nyl.) Hue, Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler, Clauzadea metzleri Clauzade & Cl.Roux ex D.Hawksw., Halecania spodomela (Nyl.) M.Mayrhofer, Lecania koerberiana Lahm, Metamelanea melambola (Tuck.) Henssen, Schismatomma rediunta (Hasse) Tehler and Strangospora pinicola (A.Massal.) Körb., all previously known only from the Northern Hemisphere. The history of lichen investigations on the island, from the visit by Matthew Flinders in 1802 up to the present, is reviewed briefly. For the lichen study, the island's vegetation was classified into the following major habitat types: mallee woodland, Melaleuca-dominated swampy woodland, Callitris-dominated coniferous woodland, Eucalyptus-dominated dry sclerophyll forest, Allocasuarina woodland, the littoral zone, agricultural land, consolidated calcareous soil communities, and semi-inundated rocks in freshwater streams.
... It appears more similar to B. tuberculata than to B. marina. Bacidia littoralis is also not known from New Zealand and appears to be confined to Tasmania and adjacent mainland Australia (Kantvilas 2018). FIG. 2. Bacidia marina. ...
Eleven new species of crustose, lichenized fungi are described from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Nine species are saxicolous, whereas Lecania vermispora occurs on the stems of Hebe elliptica and Tephromela lignicola is lignicolous on fence posts. The new species are: Bacidia marina , with a sordid blue-green K−, N+ violet epihymenium and acicular, multiseptate ascospores; B. pruinata , with pruinose apothecia and multiseptate ascospores; Buellia gypsyensis , with a thallus containing 5- O -methylhiascic acid and with Amandinea -type conidia; Cliostomum albidum , with pruinose apothecia lacking pigments; C. longisporum , with long narrow ascospores ( c. 20 × 3 µm); Coccotrema rubromarginatum , with a placodioid thallus having a red-brown margin and lower surface; Hymenelia microcarpa , with minute, immersed apothecia (<0·1 mm diam.) and a trebouxioid photobiont; Lecania vermispora , with vermiform, 3–6 septate ascospores; Lepra argentea , with papillate isidia with dark caps; Rhizocarpon malvinae , which is similar to R. reductum but with a grey thallus, generally sessile apothecia with a thick raised margin and often with the Cinereorufa-green pigment in the epithecium and upper exciple; and Tephromela lignicola, a sterile, sorediate species on fence posts. Most of these species are reported only from the Falkland Islands although Coccotrema rubromarginatum is also reported from Isla de los Estados and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Ascoconidia are reported from Lepra argentea and cephalodia from Pertusaria pachythallina. Keys to the species reported from the Falkland Islands in the genera of the newly described species are also provided.
The species described as Bacidia genuensis is transferred here to Bacidina as B. genuensis (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota). An updated morphological description is provided. The species is characterized by mostly blackish apothecia on a thick, microsquamulose thallus, a crystal-inspersed proper exciple that is mostly prosoplechtenchymatous, an ascus with a wide and dome-shaped axial body and an expanded c-layer (resulting in a thin, amyloid d-layer), a blue-green pigment in the epihymenium, proper exciple, and pycnidial wall, and an orange-brown, K+ intensifying pigment in the hypothecium and sometimes proper exciple. This combination of characters sets the species apart from its potentially close relatives Bacidina egenula and B. indigens, as well as the superficially similar, but more distantly related, Toniniopsis bagliettoana. Bacidina genuensis is currently known from a few sites in northern Italy, where it inhabits weathered and apparently shaded mortar of masonry.
