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Citation searching has been available for decades, although in a limited form. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of searching by cited references, and also some alternatives in searching for cited references, before presenting a case study involving citation searching in full-text indexes.
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Citation
Brian S. Baigrie, "The Scientific Life Of the Camera Obscura," Optics & Photonics News 11(2), 18-21 (2000)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/opn/abstract.cfm?URI=opn-11-2-18
Citations
... A search strategy was designed involving a two-pronged approach with the aim of careful selection of a small number of papers that were not included in the literature review above. This entailed citation searching as a source of valuable data (Jasco, 2004;Noy, 2008) combined with web and database searching. This strategy involved defining key search terms which can be seen in Figure 2 combined with evaluation of results for relevance to the research questions. ...
Neogeography is the name given to the phenomenon of the vastly expanded Geographic Information Systems (GIS) user base. It consists of a collection of practices, tools and users generally found outside of traditional, authoritative GIS. GIS are computer applications that allow users to contribute geotagged data and to access and utilize geospatial data sets in combination with attribute information for a variety of purposes. This paper investigates questions of whether neogeography furthers the democratization of GIS and if increased access translates to empowerment or, conversely, to further marginalization. The research is interpretative and involves a literature review of the topic and a metasynthesis of recent qualitative research. Metasynthesis involves critical evaluation of data to identify an appropriate research sample and synthesis of findings by a compare-and-contrast exercise followed by reciprocal translation of each study into the other studies to reveal overarching metaphors. This is followed by conclusions and recommendations. The findings show that, depending on circumstances, neogeography can result in the democratization of GIS and geospatial data but may also constitute new methods of exclusion depending on technological and societal barriers. Neogeography can also result in empowerment, but this is difficult to define and is often highly contingent on local context.
The use of authoritative chemical resources by scientists is an important first step to finding reliable and credible information for supporting and validating research results. Given the vast number of commercially and freely available online resources used for searching chemical and physical information, the utility of the traditional ready-reference print resources such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (referred to as the “Rubber Bible”) and The Merck Index (referred to as the “Chemist’s Bible”) may no longer be regarded suitable or useful for looking-up information and hence no longer required for purchase by academic institutions. To investigate this hypothesis, a study was undertaken to examine the usage and impact of these resources through citation in scholarly articles. The ‘Cited Reference Search’ from the Web of Science database is used to search, collect, and analyze article citations from the Science Citation Index Expanded to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and The Merck Index, between the years 2002 and 2015 inclusive. The distribution of article citations to these chemical resources was analyzed by document type, research field, country, affiliation, and journal. The article citation yearly counts to these chemical resources were further compared to Wikipedia.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understanding social entrepreneurship via a systematic literature review (SLR) of the construct’s varied definitions to assess the means by and the context in which the phenomenon is studied.
Design/methodology/approach
The SLR follows a deliberative, replicable, methodical and transparent process, including a quality assessment tool of definitional sources. SLR results are organized around Gartner’s (1985) framework of new value creation, thus additionally analysing the dimensionality with which social entrepreneurship has been studied. Finally, a qualitative analysis of the definitions reviews commonalities of themes within definitions to assess trends.
Findings
Significant research has been dedicated to defining social entrepreneurship. However, many efforts do not explore the full dimensionality of the concept, as findings reveal that no definition explored the four dimensions of entrepreneurship posited by Gartner (1985). Further, a time-series review of definitions demonstrates limited advancement in definitional development. Geographic location of definition authors and key word analysis challenge previous research on the activation of social entrepreneurship in literature.
Research limitations/implications
Although the SLR was conducted in a controlled manner, this study is time-bound and only reviews English-language publications. While results are analysed using a recognized framework (i.e. Gartner, 1985), other conceptual models are available. Although two researchers independently categorized and analysed definitions, assessment of quality was limited. The results offer an insight into how the conceptualization of social entrepreneurship may be advanced as well as the important role of practitioners in the development of the construct’s theory and practice.
Practical implications
The detailed appraisal of definitions may guide practitioners as they strive to define their own organizational efforts. The multi-dimensional conversation of social entrepreneurship in this study enables the leaders of different organizational types to ensure their social entrepreneurship activities consider all dimensions (i.e. environment, individual, organization and process). The SLR allows the practitioner to further engage in deep discussion on the future of the field by cataloguing their influence on the multi-dimensionality of the social entrepreneurship construct. Organizational leaders may also use the findings to generate more discussion around what is missing from the definitions (i.e. empathy, responsibility, resourcefulness and transparency).
Originality/value
The findings synthesize social entrepreneurship definitions across multi-disciplinary fields and contexts and within a multi-dimensional framework utilizing an infrequently used literature review method within social sciences.
Purpose
– This study aims to explore a framework for evaluating and comparing two federated search tools (FSTs) using two different retrieval protocols: XML gateways and Z39.50. FSTs are meta-information retrieval systems developed to facilitate the searching of multiple resources through a single search box. FSTs allow searching of heterogeneous platforms, such as bibliographic and full-text databases, online public access catalogues, web search engines and open-access resources.
Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed framework consists of three phases: the usability testing, retrievability performance assessment and overall comparison. The think-aloud protocol was implemented for usability testing and FSTs retrieval consistency, and precision tests were carried out to assess the retrievability performance for 20 real user queries.
Findings
– Participants were directed to assign weights for the interface usability and system retrievability importance as indicators for FST evaluation. Results indicated that FSTs retrievability performance was of more importance than the interface usability. Participants assigned an average weight of 62 per cent for the system retrievability and 38 per cent for interface usability. In terms of the usability test, there was no significant difference between the two FSTs, while minor differences were found regarding retrieval consistency and precision at 11-point cut-off recall. The overall evaluation showed that the FST based on the XML gateway rated slightly higher than the FST based on the Z39.50 protocol.
Research limitations/implications
– This empirical study faced several limitations. First, the lack of participants’ familiarity with usability testing created the need for a deep awareness and rigorous supervision. Second, the difficulties of empirically assessing participants’ perspectives and future attitudes called for mixing between a formal task and the think-aloud protocol for participants in a real environment. This has been a challenge that faced the collection of the usability data including user behaviour, expectations and other empirical data. Third, the differences between the two FSTs in terms of number of connectors and advanced search techniques required setting rigorous procedures for testing FSTs retrieval consistency and precision.
Practical implications
– This paper has practical implications in two dimensions. First, its results could be utilized by FST developers to enhance their product’s performance. Second, the framework could be used by librarians to evaluate FSTs performance and capabilities. The framework enables them to compare between library systems in general and FSTs in particular. In addition to these practical implications, the authors encourage researchers to use and enhance the proposed framework.
Social implications
– Librarians can use the proposed framework to empirically select an FST, involving users in the selection procedures of these information retrieval systems, so that it accords with users’ perspectives and attitudes and serves the community better.
Originality/value
– The proposed framework could be considered a benchmark for FST evaluation.
This study is focused on the quality of the Web databases which has been produced in science. For the quality evaluation of NDSL, PubMed, Scopus, and WoS, 10 evaluating criteria are developed on the basis of literature review. The evaluation results show that NDSL and PubMed are superior in the currentness and cost. Scopus and WoS are superior in the information of citing and the analysis tool. It is needed for purchasing, user training, and library service based on the above evaluation results.
Purpose
– While the primary importance of citation searching continues to be connecting researchers to highly-related literature, additional uses for the data have developed. For example, academic institutions frequently recommend that faculty include a citation analysis in their tenure and promotion (t & p) dossiers as a way of demonstrating the value of their research. Due to the limited number of tools available for this type of analysis in the past, Librarians were unable to help faculty create an exhaustive accounting of citations to their work. The aim of this paper is to provide examples of the growing number of tools that now exist to assist librarians and faculty in locating citation information for t & p dossiers.
Design/methodology/approach
– An in-depth survey of both free and subscription resources to identify those that offered options for citation searching was conducted.
Findings
– Commercial vendors, organizations and researchers are developing a wide variety of tools that help track the impact of a faculty member's research.
Research limitations/implications
– The list of resources surveyed is not comprehensive. The research was focused on those available, and most relevant to the author's institution.
Practical implications
– Based on the results of this investigation, a web page was created to help direct faculty and librarians to a large number of resources for citation searching (available at: http://libresources.wichita.edu/citationsearching ).
Originality/value
– Librarians have prepared numerous web guides to assist faculty in conducting citation searches. Few offer links to as wide a variety of resources as this research presents.
Review question/objective The review objective is to synthesise the best available evidence on experiences and perceptions of family members of intensive care unit patients on the adequacy of end-of-life care, where life-support modalities have been withheld or withdrawn.
WissenschaftlerInnen stehen heute eine Vielzahl unterschiedlichster Suchmaschinen für die Suche nach wissenschaftlichen Dokumenten zur Verfügung. Neben den klassischen Informa- tionsanbietern Bibliothek, Fachinformation und Verlag sind Web-Suchmaschinen inzwischen fester Bestandteil bei der Recherche nach frei zugänglichen Dokumenten. Scirus (1) und Google Scholar (2) sind zwei Beispiele für Suchdienste kommerzieller Suchmaschinen- Unternehmen, die eine Einschränkung auf den wissenschaftlichen Dokumentenraum anstre- ben und nennenswerte Dokumentzahlen in allen Disziplinen generieren. Der Vergleich der Treffermengen für beliebige Suchthemen zeigt deutlich, dass es mengenmäßig einen großen Unterschied macht, mit welchem Suchsystem, in welchem Dokumentenpool und nach wel- chen Dokumenttypen gesucht wird. Tabelle 1 verdeutlicht dies am Beispiel der Trefferergeb- nisse für die Suchbegriffe search engines bzw. Suchmaschinen in der allgemeinen Internet- suchmaschine Google, der wissenschaftlichen Suchmaschine Google Scholar (GS) und der größten fachübergreifenden bibliographischen Literaturdatenbank Web of Science (WoS) (3). Der Anteil der Dokumente, die in diesem Fall der Wissenschaft zu zuordnen sind (siehe GS und WoS in Tabelle 1), liegt gegenüber der allgemeinen Websuche lediglich im Promille- Bereich.
Large national social surveys are expensive to conduct and to process into usable data files. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of these national data sets on research using bibliometric measures. Peer-reviewed articles from research using numeric data files and documentation from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were searched in ISI's Web of Science and in Scopus for articles citing the original research. This article shows that articles using NPHS data files and products have been used by a diverse and global network of scholars, practitioners, methodologists, and policy makers. Shifts in electronic publishing and the emergence of new tools for citation analysis are changing the discovery process for published and unpublished work based on inputs to the research process. Evidence of use of large surveys throughout the knowledge transfer process can be critical in assessing grant and operating funding levels for research units, and in influencing design, methodology, and access channels in planning major surveys. The project has gathered citations from the peer-reviewed article stage of knowledge transfer, providing valuable evidence on the use of the data files and methodologies of the survey and of limitations of the survey. Further work can be done to expand the scope of material cited and analyze the data to understand how the longitudinal aspect of the survey contributes to the value of the research output. Building a case for continued funding of national, longitudinal surveys is a challenge. As far as I am aware, however, little use has been made of citation tracking to assess the long-term value of such surveys. Conducting citation analysis on research inputs (data file use and survey products) provides a tangible assessment of the value accrued from large-scale (and expensive) national surveys.
