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3. Excavated Tumamoc Structures. Round enclosures (Structures 1-7), Rectangular enclosures (Structures 9 and 10), Cienega/Tortolita phase pithouse (Structure 8), and Cienega/Tortolita phase community structure (Structure 11).
Source publication
A prominent Tucson landmark, Tumamoc Hill has an extensive complex of stone trincheras features that re ect a preceramic village and a subsequent early Hohokam village. It is the only such hill site in southern Arizona with substantial, well-documented occupations dating to the Early Agricultural period (Cienega phase, 500 to 300 B.C.) and the Pion...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... in the case of the small Cienega phase pithouse in the eastern summit terrace, no sur- face cobble outline indicated the existence of the Cienega community structure (see Struc- ture 11 in Figure I.3). Instead, a modern utility road exposed the edges of its circular outline. ...
Context 2
... also provided an estimate of 250 structures. Their estimate is a potential maximum number of structures that has been reduced to an unknown degree in the following decades by extensive disturbance over nearly 20 percent of the central summit ( Figure I.3). ...
Context 3
... addition to pithouses, villagers constructed a complex array of residential retaining walls and terraces to create level space for these houses, for possible ancillary structures such as ramadas or storage facilities, for outdoor activities, and to facilitate move- ment throughout the village (Figures I.3 and I.8). A few of the largest residential walls were built to ameliorate uneven summit topography at major changes in slope. ...
Context 4
... fully excavated pithouses in 1998 (Structures 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 in Figure I.3) fell within a smaller-size range for the site and had the predominantly round shape of Tumamoc structures; elongated entries could be con- rmed for four. In the absence of discernible post holes in heavily weathered oors, these small structures appear to have had bent-pole superstructures, anchored by poles around the pit at ground level rather than extending up from the oors. ...
Context 5
... larger enclosures distinguished by their rectangular shape were additionally tested in 2007 (Structures 9 and 10 in Fig- ure I.3). Floor exposure in one of these was suf cient to reveal a bowl-shaped hearth and two large postholes, probably part of a four- post roof-support pattern. ...
Context 6
... majority of enclosures share conjoined basal walls ( Figures I.3 and I.8). Basal walls connect groups of up to ten structures that most likely housed kin. ...
Context 7
... our recent mapping efforts documented a pattern that is likely related to this perception. Groups of conjoined and individual enclosures occur in loose, elongated clusters ( Figures I.3 and I.8). Although some constituent features are undoubtedly missing due to modern disturbance, these clusters could be construed as predominantly extending outward from a central plaza. ...
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