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Examples of three main types of glare -(a) discomfort glare; (b) disability glare; (c) dazzling or blinding glare.
Source publication
LED-based billboards are becoming increasingly popular due to their low cost, flexibility, and efficiency. On another side, the too-bright digital billboard may pose a potential threat to road safety. The driver’s perception of advertising depends on the different factors, including the billboard’s luminance value. The aim of the study was to devel...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of the breakdowns is whether it inhibits vision or merely causes visual discomfort. There are three main types of glare identified as follows (Vos, 2003;Schreuder, 2008) (see Figure 1): (1) discomfort glare which is distracting or uncomfortable, but which does not significantly reduce the ability to see information needed for activities; (2) disability glare which reduces the ability to perceive the visual information and which is caused by light scattered within the eye, causing a haze of veiling luminance that decreases contrast and reduces visibility; (3) dazzling or blinding glare which is so intense that for an appreciable length of time after it has been removed, no visual perception is possible. These three types of glaring affect traffic safety, particularly blinding the visual function. ...
Citations
... Size [5,21,22] Size is the dimention of the billboard which includes its widh and height. 7 ...
... The types of LED billboard advertisement sizes are symbolized by the B1-B8 index. Moreover, each of LED billboard can be measured how much maximum luminance value permitted in E4 zone by taking account to its size (h0-h9 and l1-l3) with considering spectator distance (D) and eye illuminance (Ev) which generates B1-B8 index [5,22]. Its measurement is expressed in Equation 1. ...
Development of digital media screen technologies cause urban area changes as communication medium by application of media façade which utilizes LED billboard mounting on buildings facade. But, several studies pointed out that LED billboards have several negative impact which come from flashy luminance and exaggerated contrast. It can distract people which can potentially leads into accidents. Accordingly, some researches have already addressed lighting assessment on LED billboard, but it more to focus on luminance evaluation and recommendation within predominant case study on roadside context with simple characteristic on surroundings lighting properties. Hence, this study aims to focus on parameters interconnection in brightly lit urban area context. The findings result the preliminary classification, relation, and role of parameters which essential on LED billboards assessment specifically on complex urban area.
