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Opposing forces influence assortative mating so that one seeks a similar mate while at the same time avoiding inbreeding with close relatives. Thus, mate choice may be a balancing of phenotypic similarity and dissimilarity between partners. In the present study, we assessed the role of resemblance to Self's facial traits in judgments of physical at...
Citations
... People keep arguing about whether beauty is in the eye of the beholder or if there is one standard for all (Riji, 2006). According to one school of thought, everyone has a different definition of what is beautiful (Laeng et al., 2013), so the standard will vary depending on who the beholder is. In the United States, it is commonly thought that attractive people have characteristics such as fair skin, blue eyes, and long, straight, blond hair (Awad et al., 2015). ...
Quantitative Evaluation as an Expressive Means in Media Discourse
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Western Cinema on the Pages of the Magazine Soviet Screen: 1957–1968
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Theoretical Articles by Film Critic Semyon Freilich in the Cinema Art Journal
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Western Cinematography on the Pages of the Soviet Cinema Screen
Magazine: 1939–1941
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Western Remakes: Textual and Cultural Aspects
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The Pragmatic Component of Semantics and Its Role in Media Texts
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Journalistic Education in Higher Educational Institutions of China
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Promotional Tool of Indian Academics Through Social Media and Its Implication on Users
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Racial Discrimination in Western Beauty Product Advertisements
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The Construction of the Network Media as An Ideal model of Public Information Dissemination During the Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
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... People keep arguing about whether beauty is in the eye of the beholder or if there is one standard for all (Riji, 2006). According to one school of thought, everyone has a different definition of what is beautiful (Laeng et al., 2013), so the standard will vary depending on who the beholder is. In the United States, it is commonly thought that attractive people have characteristics such as fair skin, blue eyes, and long, straight, blond hair (Awad et al., 2015). ...
This research analyzes the issue of racial discrimination towards black people that occurs in the advertisement. Discrimination occurs in western beauty product advertisements like skincare, bodycare, and haircare. This research aims to reveal and explain how racial discrimination exists in western beauty product advertisements. The researchers use qualitative descriptive and audiovisual methods to conduct this research. The data in this research derive from some western beauty product advertisements. The research aims to give a perception of racial discrimination through the analysis by linking some advertisements with racial discrimination theory and semiotics theory. Based on the discussion, the researchers conclude that racial discrimination in advertisements, especially beauty product advertisements that should have gone for many years, is still present six years later in a subtle way. The advertisers utilize racial stereotypes to promote their products. Many people still think Whites are better than Blacks. This promotes degrading behavior like black-and-white stereotypes and advertisements that promote white supremacy to grab viewers' attention.
... Perception of beauty is subjective in nature and seems to be confounded by multiple factors such as culture, gender, age, or socioeconomic status. 15,[17][18][19][20][21] Most of the studies on lips morphology and attractiveness focus on females. 5,18,[22][23][24][25] There is little data in the literature on the male perioral region and lower third of the face. ...
... Its perception may be influenced by age, gender, ethnic and cultural background. 15,[17][18][19][20][21] In the last two decades, worldwide access to the internet and the rapid development of social media has increased the globalization process. [34][35] As a result, marketing and fashion agencies, in a way, impose a universal canon of beauty worldwide, unifying the goal of aesthetic surgery. ...
Background
The lips play a significant role in determining the aesthetic perception of a human face. However, there is little data on the perioral region morphometry of attractive males.
Objectives
This study investigates the morphology of the lower third of the face, including the lips and jawline, of attractive young Caucasian males.
Methods
A complex semi-automatic photogrammetric analysis of faces of male photo models (n=300) of the Caucasian race, aged 18-39 years old, was performed. Linear, angular, and surface area parameters were evaluated. In addition, an Average Body Contours (ABC) image was created, providing the graphical summarization of facial size and shapes of all analyzed individuals.
Results
The height of the lower third of the face equaled 0.35 ± 0.03 of the total facial height. The average lip width was 50.98 ± 3.74 mm. The upper vermilion height was found significantly lower than the lower vermilion height (5.9 ± 1.62 vs. 11.15 ± 1.88 mm, p<0.01). The lip obliquity angle was found to be 1.01 o ± 0.73 o. The area surface of the lower lip vermilion was considerably larger than the vermilion of the upper lip (p<0.01).
Conclusions
The vast amount of morphometric data, including the novel presentation method as an ABC image, on the attractive male's lower third of the face, may provide the surgeons with practical guidelines for lips surgical and nonsurgical rejuvenation procedures. It may also support the perioral region reconstruction and sex reassignment surgery in achieving satisfactory results.
... Accordingly, the symmetry of the facial features of the midface covered by surgical mask could contribute to the perception of beauty (Sarwer, 2019). In this sense, facial attractiveness is not only a mere cultural issue, but can be reflected from an evolutionary perspectiveas facial symmetry contributes to the function of biological traits with reproductive potential, health or prosocial behaviours (Laeng, Vermeer, & Sulutvedt, 2013). In contrast, facial asymmetry is often considered less attractive, thus contributing to less attractive personality trait ratings (Hartung et al., 2019). ...
The current global pandemic situation due to the Covid-19 has implied several consequences at all psychological levels. One of the main differences with respect to the pre-pandemic life in most of countries around the world is the obligation to wear a mask for citizens. This new habit could have several issues for human relationships. The current research aimed to explore the effect of wearing a mask on both emotion recognition and perception of attractiveness. Two hundred and two participants completed a task consisting of 24 face images presented twice, with and without mask. Of them, there were six images for emotion: anger, sadness, fear, and happiness. The results showed that emotion recognition was worse when wearing a face mask except for surprise: happiness, η 2 = 0.84; anger, η 2 = 0.74; anger, η 2 = 0.52. Moreover, wearing a mask enhanced the perception of attractiveness both in male and female in all emotions except for happiness: sadness, η 2 = 0.22; surprise, η 2 = 0.05, and anger, η 2 = 0.03. Finally, social implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
... [13,35,103]). For example, in hypothetical mating scenarios [5] and existing mated pairs [139], people prefer those of similar height [5], facial appearance [140,141], personality [33], sociocultural background [142,143], educational attainment [144] and other traits [1,5]. Preferred similarity in one trait may also cause PAM indirectly for correlated traits [1] via causal pathways that are predictable (e.g. a heightweight association) or cryptic (e.g. an association between genetic ancestry and lactose tolerance [61]). ...
Humans often mate with those resembling themselves, a phenomenon described as positive assortative mating (PAM). The causes of this attract broad interest, but there is little agreement on the topic. This may be because empirical studies and reviews sometimes focus on just a few explanations, often based on disciplinary conventions. This review presents an interdisciplinary conceptual framework on the causes of PAM in humans, drawing on human and non-human biology, the social sciences, and the humanities. Viewing causality holistically, we first discuss the proximate causes (i.e. the ‘how’) of PAM, considering three mechanisms: stratification, convergence and mate choice. We also outline methods to control for confounders when studying mate choice. We then discuss ultimate explanations (i.e. ‘the why’) for PAM, including adaptive and non-adaptive processes. We conclude by suggesting a focus on interdisciplinarity in future research.
... This suggests that the more similar a face is to the original self-face, the more attractively the face will be perceived. This result is in line with previous studies (Bruno et al., 2013;Sulutvedt & Laeng, 2014). For example, Bruno et al. (2013) found that when choosing the most attractive facial image of their romantic partner among several variants, participants preferred a "self-based morph" (i.e., their partner's face blended with 22% of their selfface) to other morphed images. ...
... This result is in line with previous studies (Bruno et al., 2013;Sulutvedt & Laeng, 2014). For example, Bruno et al. (2013) found that when choosing the most attractive facial image of their romantic partner among several variants, participants preferred a "self-based morph" (i.e., their partner's face blended with 22% of their selfface) to other morphed images. The effect of self-resemblance appeared even when compared with the morph of their partner's face blended with their partner's same-sex "prototype" (which was judged as being more attractive than the self-face by other individuals). ...
The present study aims to explore the influence of masculine/feminine changes on the attractiveness evaluation of one's own face, and examine the relationship of this attractiveness evaluation and the similarities between masculine/feminine faces and original faces. A picture was taken from each participant and considered as his or her original self-face, and a male or female face with an average attractiveness score was adopted as the original other face. Masculinized and feminized transformations of the original faces (self-face, male other face, and female other face) into 100% masculine and feminine faces were produced with morphing software stepping by 2%. Thirty female participants and 30 male participants were asked to complete three tasks, i.e., to “like” or “not like” the original face judgment of a given face compared to the original face, to choose the most attractive face from a morphed facial clip, and to subjectively evaluate the attractiveness and similarity of morphed faces. The results revealed that the acceptable range of masculine/feminine transformation for self-faces was narrower than that for other faces. Furthermore, the attractiveness ratings for masculinized or femininized self-faces were correlated with the similarity scores of the faces with the original self-faces. These findings suggested that attractiveness enhancement of self-face through masculinity/femininity must be within reasonable extent and take into account the similarity between the modified faces and the original self-face.
... There is an ongoing debate about whether beauty is in the eye of the beholder or whether a universal standard exists [4]. One line of thought asserts that beauty is in the eye of the beholder [5], which leads to variety in the standard depending on the specific beholder. This suggests that beauty includes not only the visual experience but also other characteristics such as perceptual experience, the intellect and the moral sense [6]. ...
... Furthermore, it strongly affects romantic relationships; individuals with high self-ratings of attractiveness set higher upper limits in their dating expectations regardless of their objective facial appearance [41]. The effect of facial shape becomes more noteworthy when taking into account that humans evaluate faces that resemble them as 22% more attractive [42]. This fairly narcissistic phenomenon implies that people are less likely to consider their objective appearance when making dating decisions and tend to adjust their attractiveness estimates of their potential dates according to their own appearance. ...
Facial appearance expresses numerous cues about physical qualities as well as psychosocial and personality traits. Attractive faces are recognized clearly when seen and are often viewed advantageously in professional, social and romantic relationships. On the other hand, self-perceived attractiveness is not well understood and has been mainly attributed to psychological and cognitive factors. Here we use 3-dimensional facial surface data of a large young adult population (n = 601) to thoroughly assess the effect of facial shape on self-perceived facial attractiveness. Our results show that facial shape had a measurable effect on self-perception of facial attractiveness in both sexes. In females, self-perceived facial attractiveness was linked to decreased facial width, fuller anterior part of the lower facial third and more pronounced middle forehead and root of the nose. Males favored a well-defined chin, flatter cheeks and zygomas, and more pronounced eyebrow ridges, nose and middle forehead. The findings of this study support the notion that self-perceived facial attractiveness is not only motivated by psychological traits, but objectively measured phenotypic traits also contribute significantly. The role of social stereotypes for facial attractiveness in modern society is also inferred and discussed.
... Many studies have identified different characteristics as the "gold standard" regarding various areas of the face, using classical anthropometric landmarks in the perioral area. 2 Similar to painting and sculpture, universal linear and angular measurements aid the esthetic evaluation of a face (anatomic landmarks of the face), together with skin quality, color evenness, skin texture and presence of relaxed tension skin lines. 3 Lips, with their central position, are a special contributor to the individual's self-perception and attractiveness. ...
... People tend to like others who have the same values as their own 25,26 . Speci cally, Laegn et al. (2013) presented a self-morphed face that was one's partner's face with one's face and an other-morphed face that was their partner's face with the samesex prototype face 27 . The participants were required to judge how they preferred their faces. ...
Humans have long listened to music. However, it is still unclear why people prefer some types of music over others. To investigate how music preference is determined, previous studies have focused on preferred music tempo since tempo can essentially determine music preference. Such studies have reported that external music components as well as internal motor tempo determine tempo preference. Moreover, it has been suggested that familiarity with a piece of music affects the impact of external music components on tempo preference. However, the question of how the contributions of the internal motor tempo and external music components for tempo preference simultaneously change depending on familiarity has not been investigated. Moreover, the issue of which external music components contribute to tempo preference depending on familiarity has not been clarified. Here, we investigate how the preference for music tempo is determined by the internal motor tempo and external music components depending on familiarity with a piece of music. Twenty-three participants adjusted music tempos according to their preferences and rated their music familiarity. In addition, they engaged in finger tapping at their preferred tempo. Music components, such as typically performed tempo or the number of notes, were also analysed. Analysis of the collected data with multiple linear regressions showed that the preferred tapping tempo contributed to the preferred music tempo regardless of familiarity, whereas the contributions of some of the music components changed depending on familiarity. The typically performed tempo that might relate to the memory of a piece of music contributed to the estimation of the preferred music tempo for familiar music, and the number of notes or the pitch that might relate to perceived tempo contributed to the estimation of unfamiliar music. These results suggested that internal motor tempo is constantly involved in tempo preference regardless of music familiarity, whereas the contribution of external music components varies depending on whether a piece of music has been memorized.
