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Examples of schedules in three-shift and five-shift work. M, morning shift; N, night shift; E, evening shift;-, day off.
Source publication
(1) To describe the prevalence of fatigue among employees in different work schedules (day work, three-shift, five-shift, and irregular shift work); (2) to investigate whether different work schedules are related to increasing fatigue over time, while taking into account job title and job characteristics; and (3) to study fatigue among shift worker...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... questionnaire included 32 questions on working time arrangements, which enabled us to exactly select the work schedules employees were engaged in. A check among a sam- ple of the cohort yielded that the information given by the employees corresponded with the company records on work schedules. In our study the term shift work is used for a work schedule, which includes night work. In the present study only day work, three-shift, five-shift, or irregular shift workers were included for investigating differences between the schedules. The direction of the shifts (clockwise, counterclock- wise) varied between the companies. Figure 1 presents exam- ples of a shift schedule for a team in three-shift as well as for a team in five-shift work. In the present study three-shift work, also referred to as 3 × 8 semicontinuous shift work, involves a 24 hour production from Monday to Friday carried out by three teams of employees, generally working eight hour shifts. In three-shift work, teams are switched as a rule every week. Five-day shift work involves full continuous shift work, spread over seven days including five alternating teams, gen- erally working eight hour shifts. Only employees with a work- ing week of at least 26 hours/week were selected to establish more comparable working hours between day and shift work- ers. Concerning actual working hours per week, the vast majority of five-shift workers worked 26-35 hours a week, whereas three-shift work generally comprised 36-40 hours a week. Employees working irregular shifts are involved in fre- quently deviating work hours, which can vary substantially every week, in the present study with a range from at least 26 hours to over 40 hours per week. For irregular shifts we included only those employees reporting frequent night work within their shift. The vast majority of day workers averaged 36-40 hours a week, with a range of 26 hours to over 40 hours per ...
Citations
... Mental fatigue also causes changes in mood, feelings of tiredness, and lack of energy in the workplace, resulting in a decrease in cognitive activity during the workday [9,10]. Research shows that occupational fatigue, whether physical, mental, or emotional, resulting from work shifts [11], inappropriate postures, repetitive and monotonous tasks, long work intervals, insufficient rest, poor sleep quality [12], occupational stress [13], noise pollution [14], and organizational support [15], leads to increased occupational fatigue and decreased performance [16][17][18]. Therefore, given that occupational fatigue of workers is among the main concerns in the production sector and a key factor in safety and health that cannot be controlled by managers and officials in most industrial factories for economic, social, and attitudinal reasons, evaluating the physical abilities of workers under these conditions is essential from an economic perspective for employers [19][20][21]. ...
Background and Objective: Job fatigue is considered one of the factors affecting the performance and productivity of workers in work environments. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job fatigue and its dimensions with fine motor skills in the production line workers of Sabzevar Cable Car Company. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-eight workers from the production line of Sabzevar Car Company were selected as a sample. The level of occupational fatigue of workers was measured using the standard questionnaire of Excessive Occupational Fatigue. In addition, the manual and sorting skills of workers were estimated through a Board test. To analyze the research data, Spearman's correlation coefficient test was used. Results: The results of the Spearman correlation coefficient test showed that there were negative and significant relationships between job fatigue and the components of hand and finger dexterity skills, including manual skills (r=0.188; P≤0.022) and sorting skill r (r=-0.246; P≤0.003). Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the dimensions of fatigue and coping skills (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present research study, employers can prevent the occurrence of worker fatigue in industrial environments by providing conditions such as shift breaks and performing short-term activities with low intensity. Otherwise, another way to prevent accidents and the production of defective products is to prevent tired workers from performing fine manual activities such as assembling.
... Awareness, concentration, judgment, mood, and performance of emergency medical personnel are significantly affected by fatigue [30]. Furthermore, fatigue can lead to memory impairment, lack of concentration in problem-solving, and decision-making, which can ultimately reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of patient care [31]. The participants in the present study reported that they were not adequately prepared to handle the demands of future missions during shifts with a high number of missions and fatigue. ...
Introduction
Emergency medical services (EMS) providers encounter a variety of challenges due to the unpredictable, uncontrollable, and dynamic conditions in the pre-hospital field. This study explored the perceived professional challenges among EMS providers.
Materials and methods
This study was conducted using a qualitative research approach and the method of content analysis. Eighteen EMS providers were purposively selected from EMS stations in Hamadan, Iran. The collected data were then analyzed based on the Granheim and Lundman's method.
Results
Based on data analysis, five categories and one theme were identified. The extracted theme was professional challenges. The five categories were as follows: Ineffective policies; multicultural and multidisciplinary factors; ambulance dispatch route problems; legal issues; and abuse against the emergency medical services
Conclusion
In general, it has been found that EMS providers encounter numerous and complex professional challenges during their work. EMS managers can utilize the findings of the present study to develop strategies for reducing the professional challenges faced by EMS providers. By doing so, they can improve the quality of care in the prehospital field.
... 6 Different work schedules (day work, three-shift, five-shift, and irregular shift work), are more likely to lead to employee fatigue. 7 A review study revealed that high-level job demands impede recovery from shift-work-related fatigue in shift working nurses, leading to self-regulation failure, which causes the potential accumulation of fatigue over time. 8 The perceived fatigue after night shifts is higher among direct patient care nurses (DCRNs) than non-DCRNs [15], owing in part to lack of energy and weak motivation. ...
Aim
To clarify the mediating role of burnout and the moderating role of turnover intention in the association between fatigue and job satisfaction among Chinese nurses in intensive care units (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of fifteen provinces in China was conducted, using an online questionnaire, from December 2020 to January 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 374 ICU nurses (effective response rate: 71.37%) provided sufficient responses. Sociodemographic factors, job demographic factors, fatigue, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention were assessed using questionnaires. General linear modeling (GLM), hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analysis, and generalized additive modeling (GAM) were performed to examine all the considered research hypotheses.
Results
Fatigue was found to be negatively and significantly associated with job satisfaction. Moreover, burnout played a partial mediating role and turnover intention played a moderating role in the relationship between fatigue and job satisfaction.
Conclusion
Over time, a state of physical and mental exhaustion and work weariness among Chinese ICU nurses potentially results in job burnout and consequently promotes the level of job dissatisfaction. The results also found that turnover intention played a moderating role in the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction. Specific policies could be considered to eliminate nurses’ fatigue and negative attitudes during times of public health emergencies.
... Our findings are in the same line as the indicated in massive studies, such as the Maastricht Cohort Study on Fatigue at Work, that concludes that "Shift work is associated with a higher prevalence of fatigue, especially in three-shift work" (46). We would add that research findings about this variable, especially in night shifts, should be seriously considered to make policies and to regulate work schedules. ...
Background
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are considered a subsystem of people, whose mission is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of maritime transport within the maritime system. VTS operate as a control system where Vessel Traffic Services Operators (VTSOs) must cope with a complex environment to make up for safe and efficient maritime transport, so it is essential to understand how these operators maintain control through adapting to the uncertain and dynamic environment of maritime traffic. This multidisciplinary study explores how human factors within this complex sociotechnical system, means VTS, play a role in maritime safety, specifically focusing on fatigue, which is considered a key variable for VTSOs’ performance. In this context, the research has focused on the assessment of fatigue with psychological and operational instruments to highlight the importance of the human element in CSSs.
Objective
To study the intra and inter-individual differences in fatigue ratings and their relationships with other personal and environmental variables: mental workload, work shifts, reaction time, and hours of usual sleep.
Methods
The study was conducted in two of the 19 Spanish Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers (MRCCs) with a sample of 23 active VTSOs (82.14% of the staff). Both objective and standardized subjective measures were used to assess fatigue and associated sleepiness (Borg RPE, Nasa-TLX, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and Self-Assessment Manikin Scale).
Results
A significant positive correlation between fatigue and mental workload was found, being more prevalent in the night shift, which shows a bigger variation in these variables. A significant difference was found in the increase in fatigue experienced throughout the shift depending on the hours of usual sleep, being smaller in the group of subjects reporting to sleep more.
Conclusion
The human element is key to maritime safety related to Vessel Traffic Services, so it is of paramount importance to consider certain measures to counteract the negative effects of fatigue. A proper organization of duties on/off periods, assessment of work and rest schedules, and the implementation of fatigue management programs based on sleep education are recommended.
... Truck drivers who were aged over 20 years old, poses valid goods driving license (GDL) drove heavy goods vehicles (HGV) as part of their work, at least 6 months of driving experience were included in this study. The drivers with the presence of chronic illness and diagnosed with a sleeprelated disorder based on self-reported information were excluded 26 . ...
Fatigue is a very serious problem for transportation workers that contributes to various issues such as reduced alertness, slower reaction time, and deteriorating driving performance leading to road accidents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of driving fatigue and its associated factors with individual, work-related, physiological changes in heart rate, and reduced alertness among logistics truck drivers in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 truck drivers employed in a logistics and transportation company in several locations including Klang Valley, Johor, and Penang. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and work-related information. The Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were used to evaluate the fatigue and level of sleepiness of logistic truck drivers. A heart rate monitor and alertness impairment assessed psychological changes using psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Measurements were assessed before and after work conditions for subjective sleepiness scale, changes in heart rate, and alertness reduction via PVT. The prevalence of occupational fatigue among logistic truck drivers was 42.9%. There was a strong association between occupational fatigue with age (β= -0.329, 95% CI: -0.644 to -0.013), job satisfaction (β= -0.381, 95% CI: -0.502 to -0.260) and the need for recovery after work (β= 0.172, 95% CI: 0.067 to 0.277) respectively. A significant difference was found in sleepiness levels before and after driving conditions (p<0.001, t=-12.96). However, no significant association was found between heart rate and occupational fatigue (p> 0.05). For PVT mean, the results showed that significant differences were found before and after working conditions (p=0.009, t=2.44). The combination of subjective and objective evaluation of fatigue was identified as the variables contributing to driving fatigue. Age, job satisfaction, and the need for recovery were the intrinsic variables that should be put into consideration in order to overcome the driving fatigue of logistic truck drivers.
... By definition, fatigue is defined as an unstable physical, cognitive, and emotional symptom that is then described as a form of excessive reduction of energy (Mota and Pimenta, 2006). The prevalence of work-related fatigue has been reported to be less than 10% to more than 40% [12]. Work-related fatigue is an important issue because it can affect the performance, safety, and health of workers [13]. ...
This study aims to investigate the effect of work shifts on the level of fatigue experienced by the operators of the production department of the Balikpapan City Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM). This research is a type of quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples of this study was 60 operators of the balikpapan city PDAM production department spread across 6 working areas of Balikpapan City. data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews and dissemination of questionnaires. While data processing and analysis using simple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS softwere version 22. The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect of work shifts on fatigue experienced by the operators of the production department of the Balikpapan City Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM). The contribution of the effect of work shifts on operator work fatigue was 24.6%.
... Unlike sleepiness which means increased sleep propensity, fatigue is a subjective feeling of physical and/or mental tiredness [36]. Fatigue in flight attendant has been reported to be associated with insomnia and external work-related factors such as flight hours and debriefing hours [37][38][39]. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the relationship of not only just the flight time and insomnia severity but also sleep reactivity and fatigue in participants who experience jet lag. ...
Objective: The current study aims to explore the determinants of sleep disturbance (insomnia and daytime sleepiness) and its potential consequence (depression, somatization, fatigue, and cognitive failure) on jet-lagged employee.Methods: One-hundred twenty JLEs (49 males and 71 females) completed an online survey. The survey asked for information regarding jet lag and administered eight self-report questionnaires: Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test for sleep reactivity, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale for dysfunctional sleep efforts, Insomnia Severity Index for insomnia, Epworth Sleepiness Scale for daytime sleepiness, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale for depression, Somatization Subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-item for somatic symptoms, Fatigue Severity Scale for fatigue, and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire for cognitive impairments.Results: Higher sleep reactivity (β=0.45, p<0.001) and sleep effort (β=0.40, p<0.001) significantly predicted insomnia. Higher sleep reactivity (β=0.40, p<0.01) significantly predicted sleepiness. Higher insomnia and sleepiness significantly predicted depression (β=0.50, p<0.001, β=0.22, p<0.01, respectively) and somatic symptoms (β=0.46, p<0.001, β=0.22, p<0.01, respectively). Flight time per flight (β=0.22, p<0.01), higher sleep reactivity (β=0.20, p<0.05), and higher insomnia severity (β=0.43, p<0.001) significantly predicted fatigue. Higher sleep reactivity significantly predicted cognitive failure (β=0.35, p<0.001).Conclusion: This current study reports that sleep reactivity and sleep efforts of JLEs are associated with their sleep disturbances more than other flight-related factors. Sleep disturbances of JLEs are associated with increase depression, somatization, and fatigue. Sleep reactivity caused by stressful situation are associated with fatigue and cognitive impairments of JLE. The current study suggests that management of sleep and stress may be helpful for the mental and physical well-being of JLE.
... There is evidence in the literature that high learning demands cause mental fatigue in OP, which inhibits order pickers from initiating or sustaining their activities (Chaudhuri and Behan 2004;Winkelhaus et al. 2018). Although it has been shown that suitable work schedules and rest breaks can reduce mental fatigue (Jansen et al. 2003;Sagherian et al. 2016;Zhao et al., 2019), further research efforts are required to investigate the impact of OP system design and work organisation on workers' mental fatigue and related learning, stress, boredom and resulting pick errors. ...
Order picking (OP) is a time- and labour-intensive operation in which human-system errors can lead to deficiencies in quality. This study aimed to identify human factors-related failure modes that cause human-system errors and quality deficits in OP. We conducted a systematic literature review and qualitative interviews with 38 order pickers employed by 14 different companies in four countries.
The literature review found 46 papers that identified eight different failure modes related to OP system design: physical workload, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, complexity, memory demand, vision, hearing, and motivation. The interview results confirmed many of the same factors noted in the literature review but also identified communication and supervision failure modes that had not been addressed before. The results illustrate human factors-related failure modes linked to OP system design, operation, and management that ultimately increase quality deficits and pick errors. Further research on human factors and OP system design interaction is warranted, as no assessment tool has been found to support engineers and managers seeking to improve system designs to reduce pick errors.
... Other factors are considered as predictors of fatigue, such as workload worker perception and sedentarism. Jansen et al. (2003) measured fatigue through the checklist individual strength (CIS), which is a 20 item questionnaire developed to measure several aspects of fatigue. The questionnaire is a self-report instrument of four elements which measure twelve subjective factors of fatigue, five factors related to concentration, four factors for motivation, and three items for activity level. ...
In recent years physical and mental fatigue has received much attention due to its impact on work performance and its prevalence in night shift works. The aim of this study is to describe the self-reported fatigue of workers from 7-h and 12-h night shifts to investigate whether fatigue is related to night work schedules. The presence of fatigue was assessed with a multidimensional self-report instrument which includes the sociodemographic information of individuals, the Yoshitake’s fatigue symptom checklist and the Corlett-Bishop’s musculoskeletal disorder map. We found that fatigue was significantly more prevalent among workers of 12-h shift compared to fatigue in 7-h shift workers. Substantial differences in self-reported fatigue were found through the days and weeks among the workers of the two shifts, an exception was found for fatigue between lapses of 7-h shifts where fatigue tended to the same pattern for all lapses. Our results are consistent with other studies that establish strong links between perceived fatigue and work schedule. Upper body musculoskeletal disorders increased through the weeks as well as perceived fatigue. Further studies are needed for exploring the influence of other factors associated with fatigue on night shift workers, which include sleep deprivation and previous work.
... Furthermore, in line with previous studies we find that employed people participate more in cultural activities, but less in sports and physical leisure activities. Additional working hours may increase stress and lead to physical fatigue and less time to be allocated to sports activities (Jansen et al., 2003); thus, they may prefer to devote more time to cultural activities that mainly help them to relax and restore their energy resources, maintaining their well-being (Sonnentag and Fritz, 2015). ...
The first aim of the study is to compare the intensity of participation in cultural activities among natives, first-and second-generation immigrants in Czech Republic. The second aim is to examine whether the participation in those activities improves the emotional and psychological well-being of first-generation immigrants compared to the natives. The empirical analysis relies on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 2017. We perform a system of simultaneous ordered probit models. To further improve our estimates, we apply an instrumental variables (IV) approach to reduce the endogeneity issue. The results show that natives report higher levels of psychological well-being, but there is no difference in cultural participation between the second-generation immigrants and natives. First-generation immigrants participate less frequently , except attending a sports match, where we find no difference in the frequency. However, in the majority of the cases, we conclude that immigrants participating in those activities are more likely to improve their well-being. Furthermore, there is no difference in cultural participation between immigrants and natives in areas characterized by high net migration rates. On the other hand, a lower frequency of participation is found in the areas with low net migration rates, indicating that migration and diversity in an area may encourage participation in the cultural activities explored in this study. Finally, the length of residence and mixed marriages are related with a higher frequency of cultural participation. The findings suggest that fostering accessibility of cultural activities and migration policies should be regarded.
