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Subjective ratings have been central to the evaluation of icon characteristics. The current study examined biases in ratings in relation to the context in which icons are presented. Context was manipulated between-participants, with some groups rating icon sets with limited variability, and others rating icon sets with wide variability. It was pred...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... is important to note that the icons in the low-, mid-, or high-value categories were determined by a series of pilot studies for each individual characteristic. As a result, the icons in each of the three categories differed depending on the icon characteristic being examined in that experiment (see Table 7 for examples of each type of icon). ...Context 2
... by-item one-way analysis of variance followed by Newman-Keuls comparisons revealed reliable differences between each set of 60 icons. Table 7 shows examples of the low-, mid-, and high-value icons used in each experiment. Because low, mid, and high values were determined by individual pilot studies for each icon characteristic, it was possible for some icons to be presented in different value categories in different experiments depending on the icon characteristic; for example, 'pixel averaging' appears in the low-value condition for semantic distance but in the mid-level condition for valence. ...Context 3
... contrast, when abstract icons were presented in Block 1 (i.e. low concreteness value icons), participants were more dependent on being able to access meaning from the icons (see Table 7 for examples of abstract icons), and as a result, ratings were lower in Block 1. In Block 2, ratings adjusted accordingly when concrete icons were presented (cf. ...Context 4
... kinds of judgements were required when rating 'feelings' in E4. The extent to which icons might be regarded as depressing or cheery are likely to be made on the basis of existing associations (e.g. when rating the 'virus'/'low battery' versus 'package'/'celebration' icons shown in Table 7). Ratings of semantic distance, the goodness of fit between what is shown in the icon visually and its intended meaning, also relied on associations between what was depicted in the icon and its given meaning learned over time: consider 'baggage reclaim'/'campfire' versus rating 'line vessel' or 'pixel averaging' (see Table 7). ...Context 5
... extent to which icons might be regarded as depressing or cheery are likely to be made on the basis of existing associations (e.g. when rating the 'virus'/'low battery' versus 'package'/'celebration' icons shown in Table 7). Ratings of semantic distance, the goodness of fit between what is shown in the icon visually and its intended meaning, also relied on associations between what was depicted in the icon and its given meaning learned over time: consider 'baggage reclaim'/'campfire' versus rating 'line vessel' or 'pixel averaging' (see Table 7). ...Context 6
... of concreteness commonly require judgements of ease of visual object recognition, while judgements about abstract, non-pictorial icons require more evaluation of the possible associations (or lack of them) with known meaning. Consider rating the concrete icons such as zoo and cycling route shown in Table 7. Visual recognition is sufficient to render the item 'concrete' as opposed to abstract icons such as newsfeed and half-width widening (the two low-concreteness, or abstract, items in Table 7), where objects, if any, are difficult to identify and a search for possible meaning already associated with the icon is needed. ...Context 7
... of concreteness commonly require judgements of ease of visual object recognition, while judgements about abstract, non-pictorial icons require more evaluation of the possible associations (or lack of them) with known meaning. Consider rating the concrete icons such as zoo and cycling route shown in Table 7. Visual recognition is sufficient to render the item 'concrete' as opposed to abstract icons such as newsfeed and half-width widening (the two low-concreteness, or abstract, items in Table 7), where objects, if any, are difficult to identify and a search for possible meaning already associated with the icon is needed. Taken together across all six experiments, the results from Block 1 suggest that judgements of visual and semantic object attributes are sensitive to contextual nudge, which biases ratings. ...Citations
... It is interesting to note that D1 (visual form) and D2 (fun and stylish) is considered as one-dimensional quality (O), that shows the aesthetic features of the design contribute to the comprehension of graphics and symbols, which can enhance the aesthetic quality of the signage and improves the user's favorability [83,84]. Many indicators of graphic symbol demand are based on user perceptions, such as visual form and aesthetic appeal [85][86][87]. A graphic or symbol's emotional response, such as value (positive vs. negative feelings) and arousal (whether it is calming or thrilling), is becoming increasingly essential [87]. ...
... Many indicators of graphic symbol demand are based on user perceptions, such as visual form and aesthetic appeal [85][86][87]. A graphic or symbol's emotional response, such as value (positive vs. negative feelings) and arousal (whether it is calming or thrilling), is becoming increasingly essential [87]. This suggests that the aesthetic quality of a product is a desired attribute to increase user experience and user satisfaction. ...
This study aimed to determine the quality type and importance ranking of hospital signage systems’ usage requirements using the Kano model. This study collected data from 300 users in three hospitals in Guangzhou and evaluated 32 metrics of hospital signage systems. The Kano model questionnaire was used to analyze the quality type of each demand indicator, and the better–worse coefficient was used to calculate the sensitivity and importance ranking of the demand. Of the 32 attributes evaluated by participants, 4 are must-be quality (M), 4 are one-dimensional quality (O), 12 are attractive quality (A), and 12 are indifferent quality (I). The results of this study suggest that the presence of most of the evaluated attributes is associated with maintaining a level of user satisfaction, and the lack of these attributes causes user dissatisfaction. There is a strong demand for basic usage functions and an easy-to-use hospital signage system. In addition, users often wish to add and improve signage functions and have greater expectations for the inclusion of features such as digital intelligence and regional culture in this study. The results of this study show that the Kano model can better derive the user requirements for hospital signage systems and can promote the improvement of hospital signage systems in a more targeted manner, according to the quality type and importance of requirements, providing a research basis for the sustainable development of healthcare services.
