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Examples of different groups of Psathyrellaceae. a Coprinopsis strossmayeri , showing rich fibrillose patchy veil coverage on the cap, b Parasola leiocephala , c Coprinellus sp ., a Coprinellus species lacking all types of veil, d Coprinellus micaceus , with a thin layer of granular veil remnants on the cap, e Coprinellus disseminatus , f Partially digested, mature pileus of Coprinopsis stangliana . Autodigestion starts from pileus edge and progresses concentrically in parallel with spore maturation. g Young specimens of Psathyrella gordonii with rich fibrillose veil coverage, h Psathyrella fibrillosa , i Lacrymaria vellutina , j Psathyrella gracilis , the type species of the genus, k Psathyrella ammophila , l Psathyrella panaeoloides , a species with very scanty veil, m Spores of Coprinopsis lagopus , n Cheilocystidia of Psathyrella prona , o Cheilocystidia of Parasola plicatilis , p Spores of Coprinopsis calospora (Holotype), q Cheilocystidia of Ps . lutensis , r Lageniform cystidia from the stipe surface of Coprinellus pusillulus , s Mi- crostructure of veil elements of Coprinopsis friesii wth thick walls and diverticulate, coral- loid appearance
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The phylogeny of the Psathyrellaceae has received much attention recently. Despite repeated efforts for inferring a stable phylogeny that can serve as a basis for reclassification of the Psathyrellaceae, extensive taxonomic rearrangements have been withheld by several factors; among others, inadequate taxon sampling in several clades and low suppor...
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... different analyses yielded the same results with regard to the gross topology of the trees. Based on analyses of convergence, we established the burn-in as 70 million and 10 million generations in MrBayes and BayesPhylogenies, respectively. The 50 % majority rule consensus trees have a high resolution, with most larger clades receiving strong support values ( Fig. 2). Out of the four different analyses, the two Bayesian trees are topologically closest to each other, conflicting only in the placement of some minor clades. The parsimony and ML trees also conflicted with the Bayesian ones in deeper internal branches. For instance, the Lacrymaria clade was placed in different positions in the analyses. In the MP consensus and the ML trees, it was placed sister to Coprinopsis (MPB: 93 %, MLB: 100 %), whereas both Bayesian analyses placed it close to Coprinellus (BPP m : 1.00, BPP b : 1.00) (see Fig. 2). Trees inferred from the GBlocks-curated alignment, i.e. from which gapped regions of the ITS locus were deleted (Suppl. Fig. 1), were congruent with analyses from the complete alignment, with the exception of some incongruent nodes around Coprinellus . The candolleana clade was split to two subclades, one (containing Ps. candolleana, Ps. leucotephra, Ps. badiophylla ) was nested within Coprinellus , while the remaining species, Ps. typhae , together with the calcarea clade, were inferred as a tritomy, sister to Coprinellus . Further, as a result of GBlocks-curation, the number of unresolved nodes in the clade of Coprinellus hiascens — C. congregatus increased from zero to four. Based on our trees and former studies, we distinguish 14 major clades within the Psathyrellaceae (Fig. 2): /spadiceogrisea, /fusca, / Coprinus patouillardii , /gordonii, /cotonea, / calcarea, / Coprinellus , /candolleana, /gracilis, /Cystoagaricus, /Lacrymaria, / Coprinopsis , /pseudonivea, and / Parasola . All of these received significant support values from at least three analyses, except for the fusca ( − / − /.59/.80) and Coprinellus ( − / − /.91/1.00) clades. These are discussed in greater detail in the next ...
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... The molecular studies carried out during the last years (LARSSON & ÖRSTADIUS 2008;PADAMSEE & al. 2008;VASUTOVÁ & al. 2008;NAGY & al. 2009NAGY & al. , 2010NAGY & al. , 2011NAGY & al. , 2013ÖRSTADIUS & al. 2015;HEYKOOP & al. 2017;WÄCH-TER & MELZER 2020) have demonstrated that the genus Psathyrella (Fr.) Quél. is polyphyletic. To accommodate the taxa that, according to the mentioned studies, do not belong to Psathyrella sensu stricto anymore, some new genera have been created, some other genera formerly synonymized with Psathyrella have been reinstated, or some species have been transferred to other genera. ...
... After KONRAD & MAUBLANC (1949) transferred Hypholoma sylvestre to the genus Psathyrella, the name P. sylvestris started to be used (KÜHNER & ROMAGNESI 1953;IMLER 1955;MOSER 1955MOSER , 1980SINGER 1962;ROMAGNESI 1982), being considered as the prioritary synonym of Hypholoma populinum (≡ Psathyrella populina), a use that continues nowadays (ÖRSTADIUS 2007;ÖRSTADI-US & KNUDSEN 2008;EYSSARTIER & ROUX 2011;NAGY & al. 2013;ÖRSTADIUS & al. 2015;HEYKOOP & al. 2017), even in official name repositories (INDEX FUNGORUM, s.d.; MYKOBANK, s.d.). Also, ÖRSTADIUS & al. (2015), in their molecular phylogenetic study of the family Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Redhead, combined the name in the genus Cystoagaricus, as Cystoagaricus sylvestris. ...
A taxonomic and nomenclatural study of Psathyrella lepidotoides and P. populina, two species frequently confused in the European mycological literature, is performed. According to their morphological, molecular, and ecological characteristics, we conclude that both species are clearly distinguised and that, in addition, they should be included in the genus Cystoagaricus, in which we propose the pertinent combinations. We designate a lectotype for Agaricus populinus. Finally, based on the various interpretations by the authors over time, we consider that Cystoagaricus sylvestris (≡ Psathyrella sylvestris) is an ambiguous name, which does not represent either of the two previously mentioned taxa and, therefore, its earlier neotypification and synonymy are rejected. We propose the replacement of the neotype by a specimen of P. cotonea that is not in conflict with the protologue, which implies a new synonymy of P. sylvestris with P. cotonea, without negative consequences from the nomenclatural point of view
... Thus, the main systematic framework of Psathyrellaceae has been confirmed. In addition, Ozonium Link and Hormographiella Guarro & Gené, formerly members of the Psathyrellaceae, were established to accommodate the conidial anamorphs of certain species, now classified in Coprinellus (Nagy et al. 2013). Gasteroagaricoides D.A. Reid and Macrometrula Donk & Singer, two genera that, to date, have not been included in phylogenetic analyses, are retained in the Psathyrellaceae. ...
... This feature is so unusual that it seems difficult to associate it with Psathyrellaceae. However, the characteristic of the spores of fading in concentrated sulphuric acid is in common with other species in this family (Singer 1986;Kirk et al. 2008;Padamsee et al. 2008;Nagy et al. 2013;Örstadius et al. 2015;Wächter and Melzer 2020). ...
Iugisporipsathyra , a new psathyrelloid genus from tropical red soil of China, is established with I. reticulopilea as the type species. The new genus is characterised by basidiomata psathyrelloid, pileus rugose to appearing reticulate ridged, covered by persistent, but inconspicuous villus, pleurocystidia absent and ridge-ornamented spores with an obvious suprahilar plage. The genus is unique amongst Psathyrellaceae in producing ridge-ornamented spores with an obvious suprahilar plage and forms a distinct lineage within Psathyrellaceae, based on the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of a combined three-gene sequence dataset (ITS, LSU and β- tub ). Full descriptions and photographs of the new genus and species are presented.
... Schafer (2010) transferred nine subsections of Coprinus sensu Uljé (2005), as sections of Parasola (sections Glabri and Auricomi), Coprinellus (sections Setulosi, Micacei and Domestici) and Coprinopsis (sections Atramentarii, Alachuani, Narcotici and Nivei); the tenth subsection comprising species remaining in Coprinus s. str. However, the morphology-based classifications have been shown to require revision on the basis of molecular studies of the Psathyrellaceae (particularly Nagy et al. 2013 andÖrstadius et al. 2015). ...
The island of Cyprus occupies a unique geographical position in the south-eastern region of the Mediterranean basin, with European, West Asian and North African elements present in its fungal diversity. Our investigations over the years have revealed considerable diversity of species belonging to the genera Coprinellus, Tulosesus, Coprinopsis, Coprinus and Parasola on the island. Nevertheless, a number of collections remain unnamed as their molecular, ecological and morphological profiles do not match any presently known taxa. In this first contribution of our study, two setulose Tulosesus taxa and one new Parasola species collected from coastal dunes and adjacent areas are proposed: Tulosesus maritimus, Parasola litoralis spp. nov. and Tulosesus callinus var. miionis var. nov. They are characterised by a combination of unique morphological features and significant genetic differences evidenced by phylogenetic analyses based on multiple DNA markers. Two additional lineages of Tulosesus putatively representing unnamed species are also identified. An ITS rDNA sequence from the type collection of the 2-spored species Parasola cuniculorum was obtained for the first time and unexpectedly revealed to be conspecific with a 4-spored collection from Cyprus. DNA data was obtained also from the type collections of P. megasperma and P. nudiceps, and compared with homologous sequences from Parasola litoralis and other Parasola species. Detailed descriptions and imagery of the newly described taxa are provided, as well as a comparative study of similar species in genera Coprinellus, Tulosesus and Parasola.
... However, several molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that these two sections are not monophyletic (e.g. Padamsee et al. 2007, Nagy et al. 2013b). Therefore, Wächter & Melzer (2020) proposed a new infrageneric classification of Coprinopsis into 20 sections. ...
A rare species, Coprinopsis alnivora, was previously known from the type collection in Washington State, USA. Afterward, 11 additional samples were collected from five new host trees at nine localities in Europe (Austria, Croatia, and Slovakia). The species indicated a preference for growth in cavities or wounds of living deciduous trees. Its mycelium and basidiomata were successfully cultivated under laboratory conditions. A detailed morphological description of the basidiomata supplemented with colour photographs and line drawings is provided. Delimitation characters from similar species are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Coprinopsis were inferred from ITS rDNA sequences and are presented by a phylogram. Molecular genetic analyses revealed that C. alnivora represents a genetically well-delimited species with six known haplotypes.
... Psathyrellaceae contains small to large, dark-spored agarics which are usually considered difficult to identify (Nagy et al. 2013). Psathyrellaceae was previously known as Coprinaceae which included two genera Coprinus and Psathyrella. ...
... Psathyrella is characterized by psathyrelloid basidiomata, grayish and pale clay to deep brown, thin, fragile, non-deliquescent lamellae, smooth truncated and dark basidiospores that lose their color in concentrated sulphuric acid and by the presence of hymenial cystidia (Smith 1972;Kits van Waveren 1985). Psathyrella has a worldwide distribution and it has a very high diversity (Nagy et al. 2013). Psathyrella species are commonly found growing on wood, soil, litter, dung, plant residuals, and in swamps (Pegler 1977;Kirk et al. 2008;Yan and Bau 2018). ...
... Molecular phylogeny has revealed that Psathyrella is monophyletic and Psathyrella species can be classified into the Psathyrella sensu stricto group (Padamsee et al. 2008;Örstadius et al. 2015;Voto et al. 2019). The sequence data of two protein-coding genes, tub and tef have also been used in species delimitation of closely related Psathyrella species (Nagy et al. 2013;Örstadius et al. 2015). Wächter and Melzer (2020) revised Psathyrellaceae and Psathyrella was divided into 18 distinct subclades, which have then further been divided into 18 sections (Arenosae, Atomatae, Confusae, Cystopsathyra, Hydrophilae, Jacobassoniorum, Lutenses, Microrhizae, Noli-tangere, Obtusatae, Pennatae, Psathyrella, Pseudostropharia, Pygmaeae, Saponaceae, Sinefibularum, Spadiceogriseae and Strivalliorum). ...
Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly
uncertain, ranging from 1.5 to 12 million, but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to date. Since
the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification, the number of newly described taxa has increased from
approximately 1000 to around 2000 yearly. This demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distinguish species, especially cryptic species. Many novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied
regions and habitats, but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated species. In this paper, we examine 16
genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in
each genus. The genera treated herein are Cercospora, Diaporthe, Meliola, Passalora, Phyllachora, Phyllosticta, Pseudocercospora, Ramularia (ascomycetes) and Cortinarius, Entoloma, Inocybe, Marasmius, Psathyrella, Puccinia, Russula, Uromyces
(basidiomycetes). We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number
of entries in GenBank. We introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata, Candolleomyces thailandensis, Cortinarius
acutoproximus, Cortinarius melleoalbus, Cortinarius pacificus, Cortinarius parvoacetosus, Diaporthe guizhouensis, Entoloma
pseudosubcorvinum, Inocybe meirensongia, Marasmius albulus, Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus, Meliola camporesii, Phyllachora siamensis, Phyllosticta doitungensis, Picipes yuxiensis, Pseudocercospora vignae, Puccinia maureanui and Russula
inornata. We also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe iringolkavensis. We discuss the
genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose, but do not occur in the top 40. We hypothesize whether there might be
more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of species.
... Notes: Coprinellus, consists of approximately 85 described species, characterized by independent lineages in Psathyrellaceae (Redhead et al. 2001;Walther et al. 2005;Padamsee et al. 2008;Vašutová et al. 2008;Nagy et al. 2011Nagy et al. , 2012Nagy et al. , 2013Örstadius et al. 2015;Hussain et al. 2018). Mushrooms belonging to Coprienllus are common saprotrophs and are divided into three major sections on the basis of veil anatomy and the presence or absence of pileocystidia. ...
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
... There are no other genera in this family, like Heteropsathyrella, that match the characteristics of psathyrelloid basidiomata, lamellae adnexed, basidia monomorphic, pseudoparaphyses abundant and pileipellis composed of a cellular subpellis below a hyphal suprapellis covered by scattered and irregular deposits, which dissolve in 5% KOH. Based on the study of this family (Smith 1972;Kits van Waveren 1985;Nagy et al. 2013;Örstadius et al. 2015), a detailed feature comparison between Heteropsathyrella and related genera are shown in Table 2. The type species, H. macrocystidia, is characterized by stout basidiomata, large pleurocystidia up to 80 μm long, and the generic characters above cited. ...
Based on traditional morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, tef-1α and β-tub ) of psathyrelloid specimens collected from China, four new species are here described: Heteropsathyrella macrocystidia , Psathyrella amygdalinospora , P. piluliformoides , and P. truncatisporoides . H. macrocystidia forms a distinct lineage and groups together with Cystoagaricus , Kauffmania , and Typhrasa in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade, based on the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Thus, the monospecific genus Heteropsathyrella gen. nov. is introduced for the single species. Detailed descriptions, colour photos, and illustrations are presented in this paper.
... Spadiceae. However, according to Larsson & Örstadius (2008), Vasutová et al. (2008), Nagy et al. (2013) and Örstadius et al. (2015), sect. Spadiceae turned out to be a polyphyletic taxon including species from two different genera, viz. ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense from an unidentified marine sponge. Argentina , Geastrum wrightii on humus in mixed forest. Australia , Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera , Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis , Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia , Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata . Brazil , Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays , Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.) on Mikania micrantha , Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max . British Virgin Isles , Lactifluus guanensis on soil. Canada , Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens . Chile , Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea . China , Setophoma caverna from carbonatite in Karst cave. Colombia , Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis . Costa Rica , Psathyrella pivae on wood. Cyprus , Clavulina iris on calcareous substrate. France , Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis on soil. French West Indies , Helminthosphaeria hispidissima on dead wood. Guatemala , Talaromyces guatemalensis in soil. Malaysia , Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotracylla gen. nov.) and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii . New Zealand , Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera , Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium , Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan , Russula quercus-floribundae on forest floor. Portugal , Trichoderma aestuarinum from saline water. Russia , Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduous wood or soil. South Africa , Alloconiothyrium encephalarti , Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.) on leaves of Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla , Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis , Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme , Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Eugenia capensis , Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi , Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Nephrolepis exaltata , Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa , Harzia metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopotamyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Phragmites australis , Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea , Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla , Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata , Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai , Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Syzygium sp., Nothoramichloridium perseae (incl. Nothoramichloridium gen. nov. and Anungitiomycetaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Persea americana , Paramycosphaerella watsoniae on leaf spots of Watsonia sp., Penicillium cuddlyae from dog food, Podocarpomyces knysnanus (incl. Podocarpomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Podocarpus falcatus , Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola on leaf spots of Heteropyxis natalensis , Pseudopenidiella podocarpi , Scolecobasidium podocarpi and Ceramothyrium podocarpicola on leaves of Podocarpus latifolius , Scolecobasidium blechni on leaves of Blechnum capense , Stomiopeltis syzygii on leaves of Syzygium chordatum , Strelitziomyces knysnanus (incl. Strelitziomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Strelitzia alba , Talaromyces clemensii from rotting wood in goldmine, Verrucocladosporium visseri on Carpobrotus edulis . Spain , Boletopsis mediterraneensis on soil, Calycina cortegadensisi on a living twig of Castanea sativa , Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata in fluvial sediments, Mollisia cortegadensis on dead attached twig of Quercus robur , Psathyrella ovispora on soil, Pseudobeltrania lauri on leaf litter of Laurus azorica , Terfezia dunensis in soil, Tuber lucentum in soil, Venturia submersa on submerged plant debris. Thailand , Cordyceps jakajanicola on cicada nymph, Cordyceps kuiburiensis on spider, Distoseptispora caricis on leaves of Carex sp., Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis on cicada nymph. USA , Cytosporella juncicola and Davidiellomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus effusus , Monochaetia massachusettsianum from air sample, Neohelicomyces melaleucae and Periconia neobrittanica on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata , Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Pseudogymnoascus lindneri from sediment in a mine, Pseudogymnoascus turneri from sediment in a railroad tunnel, Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum on soil, Zygosporium pseudomasonii on leaf of Serenoa repens . Vietnam , Boletus candidissimus and Veloporphyrellus vulpinus on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... Coprinoid (or coprini) mushrooms (CMs; Coprinus s.l.) are the species of the former nonmonophyletic genus Coprinus Pers. of the family Coprinaceae (Agaricomycetes), which contained more than 200 species. 1 On the basis of molecular data the species of genus Coprinus were divided into 2 families comprising 4 new clades: Agaricaceae (clade Coprinus or Coprinus s.str.) and Psathyrellaceae (clades Coprinopsis, Coprinellus, and Parasola). [2][3][4] Recent phylogenetic studies, however, considered clades Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, and Psathyrella to be paraphyletic/polyphyletic. [5][6][7] CMs are widely distributed worldwide, including Armenia. 8 Ecologically they are fimicolous mushrooms; however, species that decay woody substrates were also described among all clades. ...
This article presents data from morphological observations of mycelia of 40 monokaryotic and 11 dikaryotic collections of 3 medicinal Coprinellus species (C. disseminatus, C. micaceus, and C. xanthothrix). The growth rate, colony morphology, and micromorphological characteristics of mycelia and anamorphs on 1.5% malt-extract agar (MEA) and potato-dextrose agar (PDA) are described. Well-developed white, cottony-felt colonies, which later show creamy, yellowish to rusty brown pigmentation on mycelia and agar, were typical for the studied Coprinellus collections. Mycelial growth was denser on PDA than on MEA, whereas the average growth rate indicators (GRavr) were higher in dikaryotic isolates on MEA. Clamp connections were described only in dikaryotic isolates of C. disseminatus and C. micaceus; mycelia of C. xanthothrix had no clamps. Nonsporulating Ozonium-type anamorphic mycelia (with a rusty brown septate and parallel hyphal strands), a taxonomic feature characteristic of the clade Coprinellus, was present in the studied monokaryotic and dikaryotic collections, whereas Hormographiella-type sporulating anamorphs developed only in monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of C. xanthothrix. Yellowish-rusty-brownish regular hyphal loops were also observed in the collections of all 3 Coprinellus species. Allocyst-like hyphal swellings were observed in monokaryons of C. xanthothrix, and hyphocystidia were observed in dikaryons of C. micaceus. Hyphal loops and hyphal cystidia presumably were derived from Ozonium mycelia. Thick-walled, oval chlamydospores and chlamydospore-like swellings were described only in dikaryons of C. xanthothrix. Under these experimental conditions, primordia and fruiting bodies developed in dikaryons of C. xanthothrix on MEA and PDA, respectively, and in dikaryons of C. micaceus on MEA. The taxonomic significance of the mycelial and anamorphic characteristics of studied Coprinellus species was evaluated. They could be useful for identifying mycelial cultures during biotechnological cultivation.
... The monographs of Kits van Waveren (1985) and Smith (1972) have profound influence on the study of Psathyrella. Phylogenetic analyses performed by a number of researchers (Nagy et al., 2013;Örstadius et al., 2015;Redhead et al., 2001) have helped to segregate genera of Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Redhead (2001 :226) . And more than 21 new species have been described in those areas from 2010 (Corriol, 2014;Crous et al., 2017;Crous et al., 2015;Moreno et al., 2015;Örstadius et al., 2015;von Bonsdorff et al., 2014;Voto, 2011). ...
Psathyrella alpina sp. nov. is described as a new species from Yunnan and Jiangxi Province, China. This species is distinctive due to its median-size basidiospores, fusiform to lageniform pleurocystidia and special pileipellis which consists of vesiculose cells, covered by a 1 cells deep layer of hyphae. It is also unique compared to related Psathyrella species in phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. Detailed illustrations, field photographs and microscopic features of basidiomata are provided in this paper.
