Table 1 - uploaded by Mark Klein
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Source publication
The successful emergence of on-line communities, such as open source software and Wikipedia, seems due to an effective combination of intelligent collective behavior and internet capabilities However, current internet technologies, such as forum, wikis and blogs appear to be less supportive for knowledge organization and consensus formation. In par...
Similar publications
The article presents the general idea of Wikimedia education and the situation of educational programs based on Wiki(p)media tools and capabilities in four countries.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to tend to further develop an understanding of information trustworthiness in the context of Wikipedia and examine the moderating effects of gender on the association between trustworthiness and intention to adopt Wikipedia information.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a four-dimensional framework of info...
Background
Several health institutions developed strategies to improve health content on Wikimedia platforms, given their unparalleled reach. The objective of this study was to compare an online a volunteer-based Wikimedia outreach campaign and Wikipedia university course assignments in terms of the reach of the contributions and evaluate the exten...
The advent of search engines and wikis has made access to information easy and almost free. Wikipedia is the efficacious outcome of an enormous collaboration, and its peer review-like methods of creation, maintenance, and evolution of contents, ensure high quality and reliability. However, the “anyone-can-edit” policy of Wikipedia has created many...
The user-generated wiki encyclopedia Wikipedia was launched in January 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Wikipedia has become the world's largest wiki encyclopedia, and behind many of its entries are interesting stories of creation, or rather intercreation , since Wikipedia is produced by a large number of contributors. Using the slogan “the fr...
Citations
... Iandoli argues that although there are several open issues in collective intelligence, all of these issues could be organized into two macro-areas i.e., "management of collective intelligence" [32] and "design of collaborative tools" [32]. (1) "Clear goals and objectives" [32,33] coherent with a predefined mission. ...
... (2) "A large number of participants" [32,33] who can offer their time and efforts to achieve the system goals (by knowledge sharing, creation and consensus activities); in return for incentives. ...
... (3) "A set of processes" [32,33] that allow participants to develop, submit or evaluate new ideas, artifacts and decisions by collaborating with others. ...
Over the last few years, Collective Intelligence (CI) platforms have become a vital resource for learning, problem solving, decision making and predictions. This rising interest in the topic has to lead to the development of several models and frameworks available in published literature. Unfortunately, most of these models are built around domain-specific requirements, i.e., they are often based on the intuitions of their domain experts and developers. This has created a gap in our knowledge in the theoretical foundations of CI systems and models, in general. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap by conducting a systematic review of CI models and frameworks, identified from a collection of 9,418 scholarly articles published since 2000. Eventually, we contribute by aggregating the available knowledge from 12 CI models into one novel framework and present a generic model that describes CI systems irrespective of their domains. We add to the previously available CI models by providing a more granular view of how different components of CI systems interact. We evaluate the proposed model by examining it with respect to six popular, ongoing CI initiatives available on the web.
... Another commonly encountered problem is the tendency for users to congregate in like-minded groups, of people who share avivacqua@dcc.ufrj.br the same view (also known as balkanization) [2] [16], so that there are few divergent points of view, and contributions become biased and present weak logical argumentation [11]. These very homogeneous environments also contribute to users taking extreme positions on issues (polarization) [6]. ...
... However, in view of the complicated and dynamic characteristics of the forums, the traditional document summarization algorithms were not adequate to the three essential characteristics for the summarization of discussion topics: 1) topic dependencies: comments are linked to each other in the form of conversation 2) topic drifting: a topic leads to several sub-topics that may differ 3) text sparseness: most posts are composed of short messages, often filled with ellipsis. As short texts do not provide sufficient co-occurrence information, traditional text representation methods, such as "tfidf", have several limitations when applied directly to mining tasks [6]. To take in all the peculiarities of a discussion forum, authors developed a new topic summarization model called Posts Propagation Model (PPM). ...
... A crucial aspect is, of course, access to the relevant information, and, first of all, to normative information which establishes and rules the quotidian exercise of citizenship. Indeed, access to such information is fundamental to include citizens in deliberation and decision processes (e.g. through participatory surveys or on-line mass deliberation systems [10,22]). Meeting increasing demand for transparency and open governments, norms and regulations should be easy to read and accessible to everyone, independently of educational background or accessibility constraints [23]. ...
Regulations, laws, norms, and other documents of legal nature are a relevant part of any governmental organisation. During digitisation and transformation stages towards a digital government model, information and communication technologies are explored to improve internal processes and working practices of government infrastructures. This paper introduces preliminary results on a research line devoted to developing visualisation techniques for enhancing the readability and comprehension of legal texts. The content of documents is conveyed to a well-defined model, which is enriched with semantic information extracted automatically. Then, a set of digital views are created for document exploration from both a structural and semantic point of view. Effective and easier to use digital interfaces can enable and promote citizens engagement in decision-making processes, provide information for the public, and also enhance the study and analysis of legal texts by lawmakers, legal practitioners, and assorted scholars.
... Like the IoT, the Global Brain (Heylighen, 2007;Iandoli, Klein, & Zollo, 2009;Bernstein, Klein, & Malone, 2012) is a self-organizing system with connections originating from humans of different characteristics and exhibiting properties emerging from these connections. ...
The Web serves as the underlying fabric for local and global communications and the
transporting of data. Coupled with ever increasing computer processing power, electronic
storage capacity, cloud computing, virtualization, and a whole host of other enabling
technologies, it has been driving machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. These specific
applications run over various types of networks for multiple industry domains from a wide array
of vendors and operators utilizing the so-called “vertical” design, a system and software
construct where the data and execution paths are on the same stack serving one application that
runs on top of that particular stack. M2M, a precursor to the “Internet of Things” (IoT) has
paved the way in understanding the necessity for a common framework standardized to share the
lower level system infrastructure on which over-the-top applications can be built quickly and
efficiently. This goal of a common framework has not gone unnoticed in the M2M/IoT
community. Horizontal service platforms for the development and deployment of IoT
applications sprout wildly within industrial and telecommunication arenas serving multiple
applications of the same genre. One instance is an IoT service platform for a suite of Smart Grid
applications from GE, another service platform for all the home security applications from ADT
but no service platform that allows the Smart Grid applications and the ADT applications to be
running simultaneously to collaborate in real time in ways that can generate value. For example,
the ADT application will alert house owners if the Smart Grid application encounters operational
problems with their meters. For fear of electricity leakage or billing issues, ADT was
programmed to respond to this by performing another action sending an alert message to the
home control display panel. We shall examine such a platform for the universal usage of IoT
applications.
... The Global Brain (Heylighen, 2007;Iandoli et al., 2009;Bernstein et al., 2012) is a self-organizing system which encompasses all those humans who are connected with communication technologies, as well as the emergent properties of these connections. Its intelligence and information-processing characteristics are distributed, in contrast to that of individuals whose intelligence is localized. ...
The paper is available free on line here: http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00007/full
... A further challenge to the deliberative project is that developments in normative democratic theory and online participation and deliberation are progressing in isolation. Democracy scholars focused on the web, find that the information and networked capacities of the web can equalise access to information (Anderson & Cornfield, 2003); support inclusive public discussion through the depersonalisation of online identity (Dahlberg, 2001b); enable open exchanges of controversial political ideas (Price, 2009) and; harness public collective intelligence for policy making (Iandoli, Klein, & Zollo, 2009). To this end, a number of tools have been developed (e.g COHERE 1 ; Compendium 2 ; Deliberatorium 3 ) which aim to apply argumentation mapping and technology to incentivise structure and quality in online discussion. ...
This article presents an experimental model for citizen deliberation that bridges the gap between developments in normative deliberative theory, and online participation and deliberation in practice. The Social Web for Inclusive and Transparent democracy (SOWIT) model is designed for integration into policy-making processes. It is currently being developed in consultation with citizens, civil society organizations, and Councilors in an Irish local authority and will be implemented in 2014. Our approach is rooted in Dryzek and Niemeyer's (Dryzek and Niemeyer [2008]. American Political Science Review 102(4): 481–93) innovations in discursive representation and meta-consensus as well as Bächtiger et al.'s (Bächtiger et al. [2010]. Journal of Political Philosophy 18: 32–63) sequential approach to deliberation. SOWIT pioneers a dynamic implementation of a meta-consensus framework for structuring and incentivizing policy deliberations. In this article, we present the model, explain its normative rationale, and outline the experimental framework.
Many of humanity's most pressing and challenging problems-such as environmental degradation, physical and economic security, and public health-are inherently complex (involve many different interacting components) as well as widely impactful (effect many diverse stakeholders). Solving such problems requires crowd-scale deliberation in order to cover all the types of disciplinary expertise needed, as well as to take into account the many impacts the decision will have. Current approaches to group decision-making, however, fail at scale, producing outcomes that are needlessly sub-optimal for all the parties involved. This chapter will investigate why group decision-making fails in this way, explaining the problems of achieving Pareto optimality and noting the tendency to miss win-win solutions that are not the "dream choices" of any participant. It will go on to describe how recent advances in social computing technology can address these failings, for example through the use of deliberation maps, idea filtering, and crowd-scale complex negotiation.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating role of leadership between mass collaboration and quality of knowledge in the pharmaceutical sector of Iraq.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach that has been taken for conducting the following study is through a questionnaire survey where it has been mainly distributed among the employees of the pharmaceutical sector in Iraq that has been accessed through social media platforms. The total number of individuals that have participated in the study consists of 334. As per the analysis, the Smart PLS tool has been used for analyzing the data where structural equation modeling has been applied.
Findings
The results revealed that email, virtual meetings and professional virtual community have a significant and positive influence on the quality of knowledge, whereas discussion board is found to have an insignificant effect. Moreover, in terms of the moderating effect of leadership, it was indicated from the results that leadership moderates on email and professional virtual community concerning the quality of knowledge.
Research limitations/implications
The sample of this study was limited to the pharmaceutical industries in the context of developing countries, specifically Iraq, and therefore, the results could not be generalized to other sectors in other countries because different cultures may lead to different results.
Originality/value
The following study is considered to be the first research that addresses the importance of mass collaboration for the quality of knowledge in the organization of Iraq where the pharmaceutical industry is selected. This study also determines the importance of leadership for mass collaboration where its moderating role has not been analyzed in any previous studies.
Cyber argumentation platforms offer specially designed environments for users to discuss and debate their stances and viewpoints on important issues. However, argumentation polarization often occurs in discussions and debates on these cyber argumentation platforms. Several researchers investigated argumentation polarization qualitatively in the past, but none of them have developed a quantitative model for measuring the degree of argumentation polarization. We addressed this important and challenging issue by developing an innovative argumentation polarization model to measure argumentation polarization by incorporating four important attributes of argumentation polarization: 1) the total number of argumentation poles; 2) the population size of the argumentation poles; 3) similarity within argumentation poles; and 4) the dissimilarity between argumentation poles. Its baseline model was derived from an economic polarization model proposed by Esteban and Ray, which measures polarization using three features: 1) homogeneity within each group; 2) heterogeneity across groups; and 3) a small number of significant groups. We adapted their model by incorporating population sizes for poles, normalizing for population size, and normalizing for parameter selection, to fit our formulation of argumentation polarization. This model was evaluated using an empirical study conducted using our cyber argumentation platform, the intelligent cyber argumentation system (ICAS). This model was evaluated with two other distribution-based opinion polarization models that were applied in online discussion contexts, both analytically and empirically, since there are no existing argumentation polarization models. The analytical and empirical evaluations indicate that our model performs more effectively in terms of the definition of argumentation polarization and the four attributes.
