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Examples of accentual patterns generated by the Goldsmith model and their locations in α-β parameter space. (A, B) final excitation/inhibition with leftward dominance produces periodic R1/R2 patterns. (A′, B′) initial excitation/inhibition with rightward dominance produces periodic L1/L2 patterns. (C) initial excitation with right-dominance β>0 produces an aperiodic R1 system. (D) combining initial and final positional activation generates a bi-directional system. (E) non-uniform (node-specific) internal activation generates a pattern with primary stress on an arbitrary syllable.
Source publication
How do rhythmic patterns in speech arise? Many representations and models incorporate a mechanism whose purpose is to generate a rhythmic pattern. Here an alternative is explored: rhythmic patterns arise indirectly, from spatial mechanisms which govern the organization of articulatory gestures. In pursuing this alternative, the roles of time and sp...
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Citations
... It is important to note that the model developed here involves the planning and production of word forms by an individual speaker, and the articulatory patterns generated by the model are viewed as seeds of potential sound change on larger spatial and temporal scales. The starting point of the model is the gestural framework of Articulatory Phonology (Browman and Goldstein, 1989) and Task Dynamics (Saltzman and Munhall, 1989); recent extensions to this model in the Selection-coordination framework (Tilsen, 2016(Tilsen, , 2018a are also incorporated. We will develop an extension of these models in which there are two distinct ways for non-local patterns to arise; these mechanisms are shown to account for the origins of spreading and agreement harmonies, respectively. ...
... The gestural scores of Articulatory Phonology/Task Dynamics do not impose any form of grouping on the gestures in a score. Indeed, there is no direct representation of syllables or moras in standard gestural scores, and this raises a number of challenges for understanding various typological and developmental phonological patterns (see Tilsen, 2016Tilsen, , 2018a. In order to address these challenges, the Selectioncoordination model was developed in a series of publications (Tilsen, 2013a(Tilsen, , 2014a(Tilsen, ,b, 2016(Tilsen, , 2018b. ...
... Because the selection-coordination model has been presented in detail elsewhere, only a brief introduction to the model is provided below. Furthermore, discussion of the full range of phonological patterns which the model addresses is beyond the scope of the current paper, and the reader is referred to other work for more thorough exposition (Tilsen, 2016(Tilsen, , 2018a. Here we present the model in sufficient detail for the reader to understand how it interacts with intentional planning, and we address the question of when gestures may or may not influence intentional fields. ...
Non-local phonological patterns can be difficult to analyze in the context of speech production models. Some patterns – e.g., vowel harmonies, nasal harmonies – can be readily analyzed to arise from temporal extension of articulatory gestures (i.e., spreading); such patterns can be viewed as articulatorily local. However, there are other patterns – e.g., nasal consonant harmony, laryngeal feature harmony – which cannot be analyzed as spreading; instead these patterns appear to enforce agreement between features of similar segments without affecting intervening segments. Indeed, there are numerous typological differences between spreading harmonies and agreement harmonies, and this suggests that there is a mechanistic difference in the ways that spreading and agreement harmonies arise. This paper argues that in order to properly understand spreading and agreement patterns, the gestural framework of Articulatory Phonology must be enriched with respect to how targets of the vocal tract are controlled in planning and production. Specifically, it is proposed that production models should distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory articulatory gestures, and that gestures which are below a selection threshold can influence the state of the vocal tract, despite not being active. These ideas are motivated by several empirical phenomena, which include anticipatory posturing before production of a word form, and dissimilatory interactions in distractor-target response paradigms. Based on these ideas, a model is developed which provides two distinct mechanisms for the emergence of non-local phonological patterns.
