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Vaccination is an effective public health tool for reducing morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. However, increasing numbers of parents question the safety of vaccines or refuse to vaccinate their children outright. The Internet is playing a significant role in the growing voice of the anti-vaccination movement as a growing number...
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Objective: Social media fitness influencers are evolving into a new digital form of health communicators whom consumers might turn to for assistance with more physical activity and exercise at home, especially in the current COVID-19 crisis. Drawing from source credibility theory, social cognitive theory, protection motivation theory and literature...
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... Sin embargo, la investigación sobre comunicación en salud a través de imágenes difundidas en redes sociales es incipiente (Fung et al., 2020;Guidry et al., 2015). El trabajo exploratorio de Fung et al. (2020) concluye que urge estudiar cómo los usuarios abordan temas de salud a través de imágenes en sus redes sociales con el objetivo último de ayudar a los profesionales de la salud pública a mejorar su labor divulgativa en línea. ...
El presente estudio pone el foco de atención sobre la ostomía, una intervención digestiva que ha aumentado en los últimos años. Su limitada visibilidad y escaso conocimiento entre la población nos lleva a indagar en la manera que esta se representa en redes y el papel que juegan determinados creadores de contenido en Instagram. A través de una metodología basada en el análisis de contenido, se examina una muestra de perfiles de Instagram enfocados en la visibilización de esta cirugía. Los resultados revelan que la existencia de dichos perfiles y su publicación periódica de contenido alrededor de la ostomía: 1) provoca un efecto tranquilizador para las personas que se encuentran en una situación similar o próxima; 2) el hecho de relatar su experiencia y de mostrar con naturalidad su día a día con “la bolsa” ayuda a dar a conocer una situación, irreversible en muchos casos, pero que permite mejorar la calidad de vida de muchos pacientes con enfermedades graves intestinales; y 3) su papel como creadores de contenido y su efecto en la población con ostomía les aproxima al rol de influencers con un contacto directo y cercano con el público objetivo.
... While strong healthcare provider recommendations increase vaccine acceptance among parents, [10][11][12] there is evidence that effective provider recommendations are underutilized, and that other influences, including social media and other online health information, also play an important role in parental vaccine decision making. 13 Ample evidence suggests that negative messages about vaccination abound on social media, [14][15][16][17][18][19] and the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the negative rhetoric. 20 Although it is known that parents receive health information via social media and that message framing can have profound effects on parent vaccination attitudes and behaviors, 21,22 there is a continuing need for research to better understand how vaccine messaging on social media, particularly since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, may influence parental vaccine confidence and decision making. ...
There is a continued need for research to better understand the influence social media has on parental vaccination attitudes and behaviors, especially research capturing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this study was to explore parents’ perspectives related to the impact the pandemic had on 1) social media engagement, 2) vaccine messaging on social media, and 3) factors to guide future intervention development. Between February and March 2022, 6 online, synchronous, text-based focus groups were conducted with parents of adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Participants who all utilized social media were recruited from across the United States. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. A total of 64 parents participated. Average age was 47 years, and participants were predominantly White (71.9%), female (84.3%), and engaged with social media multiple times per day (51.6%). Participants (95.3%) viewed obtaining all recommended vaccines as important or very important; however, overall vaccination rates for their adolescents were varied (50% ≥1 dose HPV; 59.4% MenACWY; 78.1% Tdap; 65.6% Flu; 81.3% COVID-19). Three themes emerged highlighting the pandemic’s impact on parent’s (1) general patterns of social media use, (2) engagement about vaccines on social media and off-line behaviors related to vaccination, and (3) perspectives for developing a credible and trustworthy social media intervention about vaccination. Participants reported fatigue from contentious vaccine-related content on social media and desired future messaging to be from recognizable health institutions/associations with links to reputable resources. Plus, providers should continue to provide strong vaccine recommendations in clinic.
... Second, misinformation often relies on anecdotal evidence or personal narratives, making it challenging to refute. This reliance on subjective experiences underscores the difficulty in identifying and correcting such misinformation [Guidry, Carlyle, Messner & Jin, 2015]. Third, the use of automated bots to spread misinformation presents yet another formidable obstacle in countries like Pakistan with low levels of education, internet, and health literacy [Jamil, Iqbal, Ittefaq & Kamboh, 2022;Kamboh & Yousaf, 2020]. ...
On April 22, 2019, false rumors regarding the side effects of the polio vaccine quickly spread across various social media platforms, including Facebook, X (formerly known as Twitter), WhatsApp, and YouTube. This rapid spread of misinformation had a detrimental impact on Pakistan's efforts to eradicate polio. This essay sheds lights on two critical aspects related to polio vaccine misinformation on social media in Pakistan. First, it examines the current state of polio vaccine misinformation on social media and finds it a significant threat to public health, resulting in vaccine refusals, erosion of trust in public health institutions, distrust in science, and providing opportunities for anti-vaccination groups and individual advocates to target healthcare workers involved in polio eradication efforts nationwide. Second, it highlights the collaborative initiatives undertaken by relevant government institutions and social media companies, which have proven inadequate in effectively addressing the persistent dissemination of mis/disinformation, particularly on Facebook. Lastly, we suggest Pakistan should adopt a more inclusive approach of engaging all stakeholders, promote independent fact-checking initiatives, and increase health literacy among the target population about the risks and benefits associated with the polio vaccine. Abstract Health communication; Science and policy-making; Science communication in the developing world Keywords https://doi.
... This may be due to beliefs that health professionals disregard possible harms and mainly provide information about the benefits of vaccination (Jones et al., 2012;Paulussen et al., 2006). Although online vaccination content regularly takes a positive or neutral vaccination stance (Ache & Wallace, 2008;Habel et al., 2009;Keelan et al., 2007), vaccination-critical content that is not based on scientific evidence is abundant (Davies et al., 2002;Guidry et al., 2015;Jolley & Douglas, 2014) and much more effective in reaching and activating (vaccinehesitant) populations (Johnson et al., 2020;Lutkenhaus et al., 2019b). Even brief exposures to such vaccination-critical information can decrease the perceived risk of nonvaccination, increase perceived vaccination risks, and negatively affect vaccination attitudes and intentions (Betsch et al., 2010;Jolley & Douglas, 2014;Nan & Madden, 2012). ...
... Conversely, vaccinationsupporting argumentation is more homogeneous (Johnson et al., 2020;Meppelink et al., 2021) and based on the repetition of facts, figures, and scientific studies (Lutkenhaus et al., 2019b). Second, vaccination-critical information often appears in an emotional, narrative format describing people's lived experiences with vaccinations (Bean, 2011;Guidry et al., 2015;Haase et al., 2020;Sanders et al., 2019), whereas vaccination-supporting information generally adopts a more impersonal, expository format highlighting scientific research (Guidry et al., 2015;Lutkenhaus et al., 2019aLutkenhaus et al., , 2019bSanders et al., 2019). Third, and most important for the present study, both types of vaccination information appear to differ in their presentation of risk. ...
... Conversely, vaccinationsupporting argumentation is more homogeneous (Johnson et al., 2020;Meppelink et al., 2021) and based on the repetition of facts, figures, and scientific studies (Lutkenhaus et al., 2019b). Second, vaccination-critical information often appears in an emotional, narrative format describing people's lived experiences with vaccinations (Bean, 2011;Guidry et al., 2015;Haase et al., 2020;Sanders et al., 2019), whereas vaccination-supporting information generally adopts a more impersonal, expository format highlighting scientific research (Guidry et al., 2015;Lutkenhaus et al., 2019aLutkenhaus et al., , 2019bSanders et al., 2019). Third, and most important for the present study, both types of vaccination information appear to differ in their presentation of risk. ...
Evidence-based vaccination communication aims to support people in making informed decisions regarding vaccination. It is therefore important to learn how vaccination information is processed and how it might be biased. One potentially relevant bias that is overlooked in the vaccination literature is the feature positive effect (FPE), the phenomenon that people experience greater difficulty processing nonoccurring events than occurring events, which impacts judgment and decision making. The present study adopts an experimental design with sequential testing rules to examine a potential FPE for vaccination information processing. The results convincingly demonstrate that vaccination-related events described as nonoccurring (e.g., no side effects after vaccination) versus occurring (e.g., side effects after vaccination) indeed result in lower recall and are perceived as less important in evaluating the vaccine. The results regarding processing time remain inconclusive. These findings might help explain the appeal of vaccination-critical information and suggest that emphasizing what does happen as a result of vaccination, rather than what does not, can help debias the processing of evidence-based vaccination information.
... However, the rise of deep fakes, a technique that employs the algorithm of deep learning to produce fake images, audios, and videos to simulate real events (Sample, 2020), has caused serious problems in the political (CNN, 2019) and medical domains (Akhmedova, 2020). For example, Guidry et al. (2015) found that Pinterest, a social media platform for visual images, contains a substantial number of fake medical images that could possibly cause public health problems. Future work is required to investigate whether the corrective effects of texts involve the same mechanisms as the effect of images. ...
To examine how different features of corrective messages moderate individuals’ attitudes toward misinformation on social media, a 2 (misinformation source credibility: high vs low) × 2 (corrective message source: algorithmic vs peer correction) × 2 (correction type: factual elaboration vs simple rebuttal) between-subjects experiment was conducted. To reduce perceived credibility and respondents’ attitudes toward the misinformation, peer corrections were more effective than algorithmic corrections for misinformation from a source with lower credibility; for misinformation from a highly credible source, the superiority effect of peer corrections was still significant on perceived credibility but not on respondents’ attitudes toward the misinformation. For the fact-checking tendency, we did not find a robust effect about how different features of corrective messages interacted. Our findings provide important insights into message design in combatting misinformation on social media.
... A systematic review classifying the six most prevalent types of health misinformation on social media revealed that misinformation about vaccination is the most common, followed by drugs and smoking (Suarez-Lledo & Alvarez-Galvez, 2021). Many empirical studies have found that misinformation about HPV vaccination is prevalent on a variety of social media platforms, including YouTube (Briones et al., 2012;Donzelli et al., 2018), Twitter (Keim-Malpass et al., 2017;Massey et al., 2016), Facebook (Buchanan & Beckett, 2014), Instagram (Kearney et al., 2019;Massey et al., 2020) and Pinterest (Guidry et al., 2015). HPV vaccination misinformation is typically related to HPV vaccine efficacy and side effects. ...
... Meanwhile, others use a more subjective approach by asking about the frequency of seeing online content that respondents think contains misinformation (Hameleers et al., 2020). Responses could include not only one's exposure to incorrect information but also to information with negative sentiment toward vaccination or anti-vaccine messages, which may or may not include misinformation according to the definition above (e.g., Donzelli et al., 2018;Guidry et al., 2015;Keim-Malpass et al., 2017). For example, people post their personal experiences, narratives, or emotions about the HPV vaccine with a negative connotation, and share vague or unverified rumours and exaggeration of a few extreme cases on social media. ...
... Given the complexities, some distinguish online HPV vaccine information into pro-versus anti-HPV vaccine regardless of the presence or absence of misinformation (e.g., Buchanan & Beckett, 2014;Fu et al., 2015;Guidry et al., 2015;Keim-Malpass et al., 2017). For example, Fu and colleagues (2015) identified popular webpages related to the HPV vaccine as being critical or non-critical toward vaccination. ...
This study examines the relationships between social media use for health information, exposure to HPV vaccine misinformation, and online health information-seeking behaviours from institutional sources (i.e., professional health websites and search engines) among college students. The results show that people who seek health information from social media tend to have more experiences of encountering HPV vaccine misinformation during their social media use, while there was no significant relationship between general social media use and exposure to HPV vaccine misinformation. This study also found that people with many experiences of encountering HPV misinformation on social media are more likely to use professional health websites when they look for health information online. However, there was no relationship between exposure to misinformation on social media and the use of search engines for health information seeking.
... Social media offers the possibility to publish not only text but also image and video increasing the power and immediacy of communication. An analysis of 800 articles from the social networking platform pinterest showed that the majority had negative content, focusing mainly on concerns about vaccine safety and possible side effects, often combined with conspiracy theories [14]. Observation of 123 videos of You ...
Introduction: The anti-vaccination movement has started to develop into a major public health problem. After 1998, measles re-emerged in the UK and subsequently caused further outbreaks in Europe. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched with keywords antivaccine, media, internet, social media. The results were ranked according to their content. The anti-vaccination movement's online media presence was reviewed on websites and search engines and social media such as facebook, twitter, instagram, pinterest and the older chatrooms and myspace. Results: While Web 1 was static, Web 2 and its future evolution, the Semantic Web is mutable and interactive. Social media offers the possibility to publish not only text but also image and video increasing the power and immediacy of communication. Users can upload content such as videos, pages and interact with each other. Thus, the roles of producers and consumers of news alternate, without the need for an intermediary. Thus, anyone is at the same time a channel owner, a broadcast producer without being subject to ethical rules. Conclusions: The anti-vaccination movement is not new. But has evolved with the advancement of technology and managed to follow the trends of the time by exploiting the nature of interactive media. The rhetoric of the anti-vaccination movement uses the power of image and video, the emotional charge of the personal stories they invoke. His argument is rooted in safeguarding personal liberty, conspiracy theories, and concern about adverse reactions are the main arguments used by vaccine hesitancy groups and should be addressed in communication with the health care service users.
... Bereits vor mehr als zehn Jahren bezeichnete Anna Kata (2010) das Internet in Bezug auf Impfskepsis als die "Büchse der Pandora", da sich dort unter anderem in großen Mengen Fehlinformationen und Verschwörungstheorien zum Thema Impfen fänden. Guidry et al. (2015) berichten, dass auf der Social-Media-Plattform Pinterest impfskeptische Inhalte überwögen, die oft mit Verschwörungstheorien verbunden seien; zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen kommen Briones et al. (2012) ...
Der Beitrag untersucht Einflussfaktoren der Impfbereitschaft mit einem COVID-19-Vakzin in Deutschland. Die Querschnittstudie basiert auf einer bundesweiten telefonischen Bevölkerungsbefragung bei einer Zufallsauswahl der Bevölkerung (November bis Dezember 2020). Determinanten der Impfbereitschaft werden bivariat und mit einem multivariaten logistischen Regressionsmodell analysiert. Neben dem Geschlecht, dem Schulabschluss, der Elternschaft von minderjährigen Kindern und der Zugehörigkeit zu einer Risikogruppe hängt die Impfbereitschaft mit dem Wissenschaftsvertrauen, dem kollektiven Verantwortungsgefühl sowie mit Impfverschwörungs- und allgemeinen Verschwörungsüberzeugungen zusammen. Das Alter ist ein Prädiktor mit geringem Einfluss. Nicht bestätigen lässt sich die Annahme, dass Vertrauen in das Robert Koch-Institut oder Vertrauen in klassische Medien einen Einfluss haben.
... Sentiment was overwhelmingly negative towards both, with the share of anti-containment posts being 68%, and anti-vaccination share reaching 86%. These levels are not only higher than what was found in other platforms, including the high levels on Pinterest [34], but, as hypothesized in H1, also higher than what has been found in Stormfront pre-COVID [10]. The inflection points for containment and vaccines sentiment can be seen in Fig. 2, which presents changes to the share of anti-vaccination and anti-containment content over time (grouped into units of 3 months due to data sparsity in some earlier months). ...
Recent studies documented alarming growth in antiscientific discourse among extremist groups online and especially the relatively high anti-vaccine attitudes among White Nationalists (WN). In light of accelerated politization of COVID-19 containment measures and the expansion of containment to lockdowns, masking, and more, we examine current sentiment, themes and argumentation in white nationalist discourse, regarding the COVID-19 vaccines and other containment measures. We use unsupervised machine learning approaches to analyze all conversations posted in the "Coronavirus (Covid-19)" sub-forum on Stormfront between January 2020 and December 2021 (N = 9642 posts). Additionally, we manually analyze sentiment and argumentation in 300 randomly sampled posts. We identified four discursive themes: Science, Conspiracies, Sociopolitical, and Containment. Negative- sentiment was substantially higher than what was found in prior work done before COVID-19 regarding vaccines and other containment measures. The negativity was driven mostly by arguments adapted from the anti-vaccine movement and not by WN ideology.
... Selain itu ada juga penelitian dengan target media online tertentu. 34 Di satu sisi, meluasnya penyebaran kontenkonten tentang vaksin tidak hanya mampu meningkatkan basis audiens potensial terkait informasi berbasis internet, namun di sisi lain hampir mustahil untuk mengatur serta melakukan pembatasan dari sudut pandang normatif. Meskipun luas dan melimpah, informasi yang tersedia di internet terkadang tidak selalu dapat diandalkan. ...
... 35 Lebih jauh, banyak informasi berbasis internet yang dijangkau orang tua tentang vaksin yang justru mengandung konten mengecilkan arti pentingnya pemberian vaksinasi. 34,36,37 Dalam beberapa penelitian internasional, beberapa faktor telah diidentifikasi mempengaruhi penerimaan terhadap vaksin, antara lain kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kebutuhan vaksin, kesalahan persepsi tentang vaksin dan penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksin, takut terhadap efek samping vaksinasi, ketersediaan vaksin yang tidak konsisten, kurangnya kepercayaan terhadap sistem kesehatan, dan riwayat negatif dengan program imunisasi sebelumnya. 38 Internet merupakan platform yang tepat untuk mendukung dan memfasilitasi keputusan apakah akan melakukan vaksinasi atau tidak. ...
Background:Internet access penetration in Indonesia is growing, all information can be obtained very easily, including how the child's immune system can be obtained against diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, the internet can also have a bad impact, because it is very easy to use to spread false news or hoaxes. Objective: An analysis will be conducted to find the relationship between internet access in the family and the status of completeness of basic immunization for children under two years Method: The study will use data from the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) conducted in 2017. The unit of analysis is children under two years. The analysis of the relationship between internet access in the family and the completeness status of basic immunization for children under two years used logistic regression analysis with a complex sample mode. Result: The analysis shows that families in Indonesia who have internet access based on the 2017 IDHS data are 46.0 percent, and children under two years with complete basic immunization status is 65.3 percent. It can be seen that there is a relationship between internet access and the completeness status of basic immunization for children with OR 1.37 (1.14-1.66). Conclusion: The internet is like a double-edged sword, one side can be used to find various information that is beneficial to health, but can also be used to spread false information. Therefore it is important to educate all Indonesians to use internet access positively. Keywords: immunization, vaccine, IDHS, Indonesia. Abstrak Latar belakang: Penetrasi akses internet di Indonesia semakin berkembang, semua informasi dapat diperoleh dengan sangat mudah, termasuk bagaimana diperolehnya kekebalan tubuh anak terhadap penyakit-penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Akan tetapi, internet juga bisa memberikan dampak yang tidak baik karena sangat mudah dimanfaatkan untuk menyebarkan berita yang tidak benar atau hoax. Tujuan: Akan dilakukan analisis untuk mencari hubungan antara akses internet dalam keluarga terhadap status kelengkapan imunisasi dasar anak bawah dua tahun. Metode: Penelitian akan menggunakan data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) yang dilakukan tahun 2017. Unit analisis adalah anak bawah dua tahun (baduta). Analisis hubungan antara akses internet dalam keluarga dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi dasar anak bawah dua tahun menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dengan mode kompleks sampel. Hasil: Analisis memperlihatkan bahwa keluarga di Indonesia yang memiliki akses internet berdasarkan data SDKI 2017 adalah sebesar 46,0 persen, dan baduta dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap adalah sebesar 65,3 persen. Terlihat adanya hubungan antara akses internet dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi dasar anak dengan OR 1,37 (1,14-1,66). Kesimpulan: Internet bagai pedang bermata dua, satu sisi dapat digunakan untuk mencari berbagai informasi yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, akan tetapi bisa juga dapat digunakan untuk menyebarkan informasi yang tidak benar. Oleh sebab itu, edukasi penting bagi seluruh penduduk Indonesia untuk menggunakan akses internet dengan positif. Kata kunci: imunisasi, vaksin, internet, SDKI, Indonesia
