Figure 1 - uploaded by Karen Farchaus Stein
Content may be subject to copyright.
Example of the Cognitive Components of the Self-Concept.
Source publication
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69208/1/Disturbances in the self.pdf
Context in source publication
Context 1
... contrast to self-schemas, other, more peripheral, knowledge about the self is stored in less fully developed memory structures. (Figure 1 offers a schematic over- view of the cognitive components of the self-concept.) These struc- tures may be comprised of isolated episodic memories of the self in specific contexts and lack the abstract semantic conceptions derived from repeated experience in the content area. ...
Similar publications
Citations
... It has been discovered that "the relative proportion of positive to negative self-schemas (functional memory structures) available in memory may be the cognitive foundation of observed differences in global self-esteem, the affective component of the self-concept. Interventions promoting development of new positive self-schemas may be an important factor in identifying alternative sources of motivated behaviors and promoting ED recovery" [43]. ...
... Essentially taking over the functions of the self within the afflicted individual, ED, if not actively healing, are actively securing a more profound and pernicious foothold within the function and structure of the patient's brain. "BN stems from the absence of an authentic self" [16]. Though movement fuels the processes of neuronal creativity that lead to healthy self integration, rote, mindless, undifferentiated movement, such as the mechanical repetition of an action through repetitive exercise, will not produce self-image change. ...
... Self-image has been defined as a kinesthetic, embodied experience influenced by heritability, the socio-environment, and self-education (the engagement of the patient in healing techniques outside the treatment milieu) [4]. "The relative proportion of positive to negative self-schemas (functional memory structures) available in memory may be the cognitive foundation of observed differences in global selfesteem, the affective component of the self-concept" [16]. "Interventions that promote the development of new positive self-schemas have been identified as an important factor in identifying alternative sources of motivated behaviors, promoting recovery for ED" [16]. ...
... "The relative proportion of positive to negative self-schemas (functional memory structures) available in memory may be the cognitive foundation of observed differences in global selfesteem, the affective component of the self-concept" [16]. "Interventions that promote the development of new positive self-schemas have been identified as an important factor in identifying alternative sources of motivated behaviors, promoting recovery for ED" [16]. The integrated fabric of the re-emerging healthy core self becomes a pivotal benchmark of ED recovery. ...
Eating disorders (ED) are disorders of the brain. As scientists acknowledge the genetic basis of ED and their deleterious impact on brain circuitry, practitioners need to recognize the importance of healing the eating disordered brain, along with the patient. The time has come for the ED treatment community to access the neuroplastic brain's capacity to heal itself through the introduction of non-invasive, integrative, adjunctive neurophysiological interventions into mainstream ED clinical practice. Eating disorder pathology marks the loss of the brain's capacity to integrate mind, brain and body, impacting the integrity of the core self. By re-defining the development of the self as an embodied, sensory-based process grounded in kinesthetic experience, 21st century brain research and technology has substantively expanded the breadth and depth of effective treatment strategies for ED and their co-occurring conditions to include various forms of somatosensory interventions. Neurophysiological and psychophysiological treatment interventions, by carving new neuronal pathways and creating connectivity that augments brain circuitry, carry the potential to remediate body image and self-image distortions, reintegrating the fragmented eating disordered core self. To date, intentional partnering between therapist, ED patient, and neuroplastic brain has been rarely applied in the clinical milieu and minimally referenced in the treatment literature. By bringing current neuroplasticity research into frontline practice, ED practitioners not only bridge the research/practice gap, but redefine new directions for future ED research.
... peso corporal y el exagerado deseo de ser delgada pueden catalogarse como medios maladaptativos para lograr autonomía y control (Stein y Nyquist, 2001). Bruch (1974 Bruch ( , 1978 Bruch ( , 1980) enfatiza la relación las respuestas de la madre están ausentes, son contradictorias o inadecuadas, confundiendo a la hija hasta el punto en que se torna incapaz de diferenciar entre sus necesidades emocionales y nutritivas, generando una mezcla de sentimientos tales como rabia e incomodidad, frente a los cuales intenta ejercer un control emocional. ...
Maturity fears (MF) is a relevant feature of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN). The presence of MF and its implications in the outcome of AN is described. A review of specialized textbooks and the available literature in PubMed was made. Bruch (1974) and Crisp (1997) models have related the psychosexual immaturity to the regression to a prepubescent body as a maladaptative mechanism to confront the bio-psycho-social changes due to the transition to adulthood; as well as the individual vulnerability, family dynamics and deficits in mother/daughter bond. These findings show that MF are significantly correlated to an early onset of the disorder, primary amenorrhea, restrictive subtype of AN, feminine gender role, asceticism, self-discipline, hypercontrol, self-injury behaviors, treatment drop out, and negative outcome. There was a significant improvement of MF in anorexic adolescents included in a psycho educational programme and family therapy. One of the core characteristics of the AN is the MF underlined in classical paradigms and based on the current scientific evidence. MF should be considered a central therapeutic aspect and a prognostic index in AN.
... Este modelo comparte una visión etiopatogénica multifactorial y concuerda con que la fijación en el peso corporal y el exagerado deseo de ser delgada pueden catalogarse como medios maladaptativos para lograr autonomía y control (Stein y Nyquist, 2001). Bruch (1974 Bruch ( , 1978 Bruch ( , 1980) enfatiza la relación madre-hija deficitaria como un factor gravitante en el desarrollo del síndrome anoréctico. ...
Maturity fears (MF) is a relevant feature of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN). The presence of MF and its implications in the outcome of AN is described. A review of specialized textbooks and the available literature in PubMed was made. Bruch (1974) and Crisp (1997) models have related the psychosexual immaturity to the regression to a prepubescent body as a maladaptative mechanism to confront the bio-psycho-social changes due to the transition to adulthood; as well as the individual vulnerability, family dynamics and deficits in mother/daughter bond. These findings show that MF are significantly correlated to an early onset of the disorder, primary amenorrhea, restrictive subtype of AN, feminine gender role, asceticism, self-discipline, hypercontrol, self-injury behaviors, treatment drop out, and negative outcome. There was a significant improvement of MF in anorexic adolescents included in a psycho educational programme and family therapy. One of the core characteristics of the AN is the MF underlined in classical paradigms and based on the current scientific evidence. MF should be considered a central therapeutic aspect and a prognostic index in AN.
... Other authors confirm the idea that disturbances during the formation of the self in adolescence can lead to disturbed eating. They see especially adolescent girls in danger of developing an ED since they compensate for their insecurity and self-consciousness by criticizing their appearance and their bodies (Bruch, 1982;Fairburn and Wilson, 1993;Stein and Nyquist, 2001). If 'food and fasting become the method of self-regulation (emotional and physical), any deviation from the diet (for example, putting on weight) is seen as a failure' (Hanlon, 2011, p.1;Schupak-Neuberg and Nemeroff, 1993) and can affect self-esteem substantially. ...
This research article provides an insight into the Multifamily Therapy (MFT) for families caring for a patient with an eating disorder at the Centre for Eating Disorders at the First Psychiatric Clinic in Prague. We describe the sometimes rocky path of MFT in Czech healthcare and the challenges we encountered in working with this approach in the Czech Republic. Additionally, we discuss the preliminary results of our follow-up-pilot study in which we tested the efficacy of our MFT programme on patients' quality of life and self-esteem. Fifteen patients completed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and the brief Schwartz outcome scale (SOS-10) at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Our results show a significant improvement of quality of life (F (1, 14) = 13.03, P = 0.003) and a significant reduction of self-esteem (Z = −2.721 P = 0.07). This pilot study shows divergent results concerning the efficacy of MFT on patients' quality of life and their self-esteem.
... Other authors confirm the idea that disturbances during the formation of the self in adolescence can lead to disturbed eating. They see especially adolescent girls in danger of developing an ED since they compensate for their insecurity and self-consciousness by criticizing their appearance and their bodies (Bruch, 1982; Fairburn and Wilson, 1993; Stein and Nyquist, 2001). If 'food and fasting become the method of self-regulation (emotional and physical), any deviation from the diet (for example, putting on weight) is seen as a failure' (Hanlon, 2011, p.1; Schupak-Neuberg and Nemeroff, 1993) and can affect self-esteem substantially. ...
This research article provides an insight into the Multifamily Therapy (MFT) for families caring for a patient with an eating disorder at the Centre for Eating Disorders at the First Psychiatric Clinic in Prague. We describe the sometimes rocky path of MFT in Czech healthcare and the challenges we encountered in working with this approach in the Czech Republic. Additionally, we discuss the preliminary results of our follow-up-pilot study in which we tested the efficacy of our MFT programme on patients' quality of life and self-esteem. Fifteen patients completed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and the brief Schwartz outcome scale (SOS-10) at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Our results show a significant improvement of quality of life (F (1, 14) = 13.03, P = 0.003) and a significant reduction of self-esteem (Z = −2.721 P = 0.07). This pilot study shows divergent results concerning the efficacy of MFT on patients' quality of life and their self-esteem.
... In addition to these well-known risk factors, it has been theorized that disordered eating behaviors may result from a lack of a strong, positive sense of self (Stein, 2001). A poor sense of self has been a focus of interest among feminine theorists for many years (e.g., Gilligan, 1988; Pipher, 1994) and it has been proposed that this inadequate sense of self may develop as a result of women suppressing their true thoughts and emotions in attempt to become the 'perfect' woman (Gilligan, 1993; Jack & Dill, 1992). ...
... Unterstützt wird diese Annahme durch die Ergebnisse der Post-hoc-Analysen, wonach sich über die gesamte Stichprobe hinweg eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen dem Ausmaß an wahrgenommener Bedrohung (Stress) und Selbstwert und eine signifikante Korrelation BN im Vergleich zur KG beinhaltet. Dies stimmt mit Studien zum habituellen Coping von Paxton und Diggens [1997] und Bittinger und Smith [2003] überein, während Untersuchungsbefunde , welche Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen auch für die anderen Bewältigungsstile berichteten [Endler und Parker, 1999; Koff und Sangani, 1997; Farchaus-Stein und Nyquist, 2001] , nicht bestätigt werden konnten. Ebenso ergaben sich keine Übereinstimmungen mit den Befunden von Heatherton und Baumeister [1991], wonach Bulimikerinnen eine vermehrte Anwendung vermeidungsorientierter Strategien zeigten. ...
ZusammenfassungHintergrund: Frühere Studien zeigten ein dysfunktionales Stressbewältigungsverhalten für Frauen mit Essstörungen. Insbesondere ein geringeres Maß an problem- und ein erhöhtes Maß an emotions- und vermeidungsorientiertem Stressbewältigungsverhalten im Vergleich zu Gesunden wurde beschrieben. Die meisten Untersuchungen fokussierten dabei auf habituelles Coping, während die Untersuchung von aktuellem, situationsbezogenem Coping bisweilen aussteht. Unklar ist zudem, inwieweit aktuelles, situationsbezogenes Coping durch das Selbstwertgefühl, dysfunktionale Einstellungen und Alexithymie beeinflusst wird. Methode: Mittels des Stress-Verarbeitungs-Fragebogens 42-aktuell (SVF 42-ak) wurde das aktuelle Stressbewältigungsverhalten bei 26 Frauen mit Bulimia nervosa (BN) und 27 weiblichen Personen einer Kontrollgruppe (KG) in einem sozial ambivalenten Rollenspiel untersucht. Der Einfluss des Selbstwerts (Rosenberg Selfesteem Scale, RSS), dysfunktionaler Einstellungen (Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, DAS) und von Schwierigkeiten der Emotionswahrnehmung (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS) auf das aktuelle Coping wurde überprüft. Ergebnisse: Die BN-Gruppe zeigte im Vergleich zur KG-Gruppe ein erhöhtes Maß an aktuellem, emotionalen Coping (d = 1,96). Im problem- (d = 0,31) und vermeidungsorientierten Coping (d = 0,27) ergaben sich keine Unterschiede. Der Selbstwert als Hauptprädiktor klärte in der Regressionsanalyse nahezu 70% (R2 = 0,676) der Varianz des emotionalen Copings auf und korrelierte signifikant mit dem Grad dysfunktionaler Einstellungen (r = –0,791) und Alexithymie (r = –0,782). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse sprechen für einen übergeordneten Einfluss des Selbstwerts auf das aktuelle Coping.
... Other authors confirm the idea that disturbances during the formation of the self in adolescence can lead to disturbed eating. They see especially adolescent girls in danger of developing an ED since they compensate for their insecurity and self-consciousness by criticizing their appearance and their bodies (Bruch, 1982;Fairburn and Wilson, 1993;Stein and Nyquist, 2001). If 'food and fasting become the method of self-regulation (emotional and physical), any deviation from the diet (for example, putting on weight) is seen as a failure' (Hanlon, 2011, p.1;Schupak-Neuberg and Nemeroff, 1993) and can affect self-esteem substantially. ...
The paper presents the conclusions of the pilot study of efficacy of particular therapeutic approach in eating disorders treatment. The multifamily therapy is a frequently used kind of work with these patients abroad. Prague centre of specialized care for eating disorders uses this model under the supervision since 2004. Except of optimisation of therapeutic programme it is important to assess its efficacy. For the first study, the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was chosen. Ten fields were evaluated in the sample consisting of 20 families for testing the hypothesis that the multifamily therapy is an efficient form of eating disorders treatment and its influence is different in group of parents and group of patients. Next goal was to evaluate the chosen methods for the continuation of the study and its connecting to international research in multifamily therapy and comparative studies of efficacy of multifamily therapy and on-line supporting parents groups. The most prominent effect of the therapy was found in symptoms of eating disorders and emotional stability, especially in decrease of depressive symptoms. The general influence of multifamily therapy on family atmosphere, on reduction of tension and anxiety in relation to the future was stated. In further key fields (quality of life, patients' self-concept), significant positive changes were found. The pilot study represents the basis for further research in multifamily therapy of eating disorders. The conclusions support the internationally recognized efficacy of this therapy.
Despite the decreased operations tempo, psychological conditions continue to consume the lion's share of medical resources in active duty members. Many of these conditions are successfully treated with cognitive therapies founded on models that presume psychological vulnerabilities are associated with self-schema content and structure. Little is known about military self-schemas or cognitive content that may be shared among members. Our theory-driven self-schema approach utilized a mixed methods content analysis of 11,000 attributes from 140 military participants to investigate core content of military self-schemas. Patterns of cognitive content with respect to importance, valence, and self-descriptiveness are discussed with implications for future research. This preliminary work is the foundation for a program of research exploring the relationships between military identity and psychological health across the military life cycle.
