Fig 9 - available via license: CC BY-NC-ND
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The current market situation forces companies that deal with small scale, dedicated production to meet the needs and demands of their customers quickly. Usually, the products must be designed to fulfil a certain set of requirements. Additional conditions necessary to meet are also the limitations resulting from law regulations related to environmen...
Similar publications
The concept of open innovation is currently one of the key issues regarding the innovative development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs). It has been the subject of research both in the theoretical and empirical context. At present, there is no unambiguous definition conceptualizing the conceptual scope of open innovation (OI). However...
Citations
... Today, people's spending time in social areas (shopping centers -restaurantscafes, and bistrosentertainment, and playgrounds) reveals their demands for food, beverage, and service in the environment they are in [5]. The insufficient of speed, quality, and precision in the service provided with the increasing density in the enterprises located in social areas, and the fact that standard products are made rather than optional products are observed as a disadvantageous situation in terms of people's demands [6]. In addition, the increase in the number of workers employed with the increasing density and demand in the enterprises and the increase in the costs of the workers employed accordingly is a disadvantageous situation for the enterprise. ...
Today, the insufficient of speed, quality, and precision in the service provided with the increasing density in the enterprises located in social areas, and the fact that standard products are made rather than optional products are observed as a disadvantageous situation in terms of people's demands. Although liquid filling systems used in industrial production facilities include features that are important for production such as speed, quality, and efficiency, they arise problems in social areas in terms of design, size, economy, and personalized production. In solving the problems, it is realized a special liquid filling system that both meets the needs of people to highly and includes the features of the production systems used in the industry. In the study, a fruit juice filling system that produces fruit juice in the ratio and amount desired by the user using four different juices is proposed. It is thought that when the study done by reducing the need for space with a compact design and increasing the production speed with station-based processes is applied to the private sector, both operating costs are reduced, and end-user demands are met to the desired extent. It is observed that the effect of the cycle time on the unit production time is reduced in the mass production method used in the system, while the cycle time is directly equal to the production time in the private production method. In addition, when the mass production method is used, it is observed that increasing the selection of different fruit juices reduces the production time, as it distributes the filling time to more than one station.
... The problems of capturing, storing and reusing engineering design knowledge have been the subject of very intensive research and development over the past 30 years [7,8]. The following facts have contributed to this: the increase in the complexity of the implemented design tasks [9,10], the attempt to reduce product development time and increase the quality of the product itself, functioning in a distributed environment [11], as well as a significant increase in the awareness of the role of knowledge in engineering processes and the necessity of its storage, maintenance and sharing [12][13][14]. Nowadays, additionally to the substantial knowledge [13,14], the broader context and its long term development [15,16] are considered more often. For CPS projects the aforementioned issues are particularly important due to their scale and the high degree of multifacetedness and complexity of the problems being solved [3,17,18]. ...
... The following facts have contributed to this: the increase in the complexity of the implemented design tasks [9,10], the attempt to reduce product development time and increase the quality of the product itself, functioning in a distributed environment [11], as well as a significant increase in the awareness of the role of knowledge in engineering processes and the necessity of its storage, maintenance and sharing [12][13][14]. Nowadays, additionally to the substantial knowledge [13,14], the broader context and its long term development [15,16] are considered more often. For CPS projects the aforementioned issues are particularly important due to their scale and the high degree of multifacetedness and complexity of the problems being solved [3,17,18]. ...
... They study them, analyze them, and use them for simulation. The next steps are the use, verification, possible modification and natural validation of the models [13,14]. These activities are based on specific engineering knowledge resources. ...
The approach presented in the paper is about the concept of a multi-criteria and multi-disciplinary tool supporting design activities while designing and developing CPS. Designers who solve CPS design problems try to build computer models, and examine, verify and validate them. Usually, these models, often created ad hoc, are very complex and large and evolve in time, so the entire processes have many stages and variants. These processes come to an end after one or several sequences of selected knowledge-based activities, which in general have been modified and improved before. These activities usually concern two groups of issues: substantial and decision-making. The presented activity supporting tool concept can be applied in the design process of CPS. The main goal of the new tool is to improve the design process through more precise, effective and problem-dedicated management of the design activity models. It also enables and supports the ad hoc modelling of the collaborative integration of activities for multidisciplinarity and multi-criteria optimization analysis.
... Adding to the difficulties, small IHB companies offering customized products are forced to work project-based. For this purpose, Pokojski et al. (2019) proposes a computer system allowing such companies to capture, store and access project knowledge. ...
... A PLM system setup has been introduced aiming to support the management of these assets. Literature proposed tools to support collaborative modular development (Bondar and Stjepandi c, 2018) and project-based development (Pokojski et al., 2019) focusing on the mechanical industry. Still, IHB demonstrates other kinds of challenges, one being the factory in combination with high level of customization, traditionally provided by on-site contractors (Jansson, 2013;Jensen et al., 2013). ...
Purpose:
The purpose of this research is to support the customization ability for industrial house building companies striving to offer individualized products but with a strategy which includes a production facility. This is accomplished by analyzing the as-is state in terms of existing engineering assets and by proposing a to-be state using the design platform and product lifecycle management (PLM) support.
Design/methodology/approach:
This study is based on design research methodology and collected data are in-depth interviews, document reviews and workshops and method development. The theoretical baseline is product platforms and the design platform.
Findings:
The analysis showed that despite use of a platform, inherent assets are disorganized. Still, the identified object-based engineering assets were possible to include in a conceptual proposal for better management, both in the process and product view, using an asset relationship matrix and a PLM system.
Practical implications:
The results should be applicable for industrial house building and off-site construction companies and offers an approach to identify and manage their assets and platforms which are crucial to stay competitive.
Originality/value:
Previous research on design platforms has focused on engineer-to-order companies within the mechanical industry. The contribution of this paper lies in the application and support of the design platform for industrial house building and the introduction of PLM system support.
... The amount of information that engineering designers need to consider has been increased because of the increasing complexity of artifact, the diversification of customer needs and the social demand for environmental consideration. As a result, engineering designers have a much wider range of tasks and areas to operate in (Pokojski et al., 2019). On the other hand, the time that the engineers can use to design is limited and, moreover, their knowledge is not perfect. ...
To design a more robust artifact, an artifact design based on a design rationale analysis is pivotal. Errors in previous design rationales that led to the degradation of artifact robustness in the past provide valuable knowledge towards improving the robust design. However, methods for exposing and analysing errors in design rationale remain unclear. This paper proposes a structured method for a design rationale analysis based on logical structuring. This method provides a well-constructed means of identifying and analysing errors in design rationale from the perspective of knowledge operation.
... The general design process consists of design problem definition, functional analysis, solution decoupling elements, etc. [7]. This process is designed to accomplish tasks or missions under abnormal conditions, that is, the absence of partially or uncertain disturbances [8]. ...
Concept generation plays a critical role in product design especially in the early design phase when functional requirements are either uncertain or partially known. To cope with the uncertainty imposed by the varying work environment, resilient design has often been called upon to leverage system capacity from the perspective of functional requirements. While the resilient design has been advanced recently, how to design a resilient product structure so to accommodate more functional requirements at the conceptual design phase remains challenging. To tackle this issue, we propose a methodology to support resilient conceptual design using functional decomposition and conflict resolution. To reduce the impact imposed by potential issues and uncertain environments, the overall system functional requirements are defined based on five principles of resilient design. The redundant conceptual scheme that meets functional requirements is given resilience through functional decomposition and conflict resolution. A case study of the conceptual design of a hard rock coring structure present to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results yielded have suggested that the proposed approach can not only support resilient conceptual design, but also leverage design reliability and robustness under uncertainty, especially in terms of varying work environments.
... The proposed approach assumed that the project activity may relate to a specific substantive issue. It can be modeled as a descriptive and multimedia resource [26,27] functioning at three levels of accuracy (1-3, 3 most accurate) and can be modeled as an automation tool [28,29] also at three levels of accuracy (1-3, 3 most accurate). ...
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems that link cyberspace with the physical world by means of a network of interrelated elements (sensors and actuators) and computational engines. These different assets make it difficult to design properly and effectively with them all. Additionally, the designing of CPS requires multi-disciplinary project teams and the investigation of all activities which CPS should perform. The cooperation of specialists in only one area is often difficult. One can easily imagine what problems arise when designers from totally different fields have to cooperate. The designers have to share their knowledge and experiences, and to identify assets and activities which are necessary for the proper CPS functioning. Attention has to be paid not only to the process itself, product models, requirements and constraints, aspects of analysis and synthesis, automation tools, and the wider contexts of particular issues but also to the identification of design activities (performed by human designers) and requirements related to them. The proper identification process of the CPS activities allows to improve the design process through more precise and problem-activity-dedicated knowledge and activity-design models management.
... At the same time, knowledge resources are increasing, and in many cases specific knowledge is becoming globally available. Its representation is to a large extent differentiated, more and more efficient, and more effectively digitized [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Knowledge is recorded and stored in digital knowledge repositories which are usually dedicated to specific classes of applications. ...
... The evolution process of the knowledge is captured with the help of the versatility tool. We define this stage of knowledge modelling as level I [3,4]. ...
... In many of these activities they support the so-called assistance systems based on knowledge / information, group / personal management concepts using a variety of different methods. We define this stage of knowledge modelling as level II [3,4]. ...
These days are characterized by globalization and digitization. The scope of both these phenomena is growing in an evolutionary manner. At the same time, knowledge resources are increasing, and in many cases specific knowledge is becoming globally available, and its representation is to a large extent differentiated, more and more efficient, and more effectively digitized. The techniques resulting from the above-mentioned trends allow wider and simpler knowledge sharing, for more frequent and inspiring compilation and interaction of different sources of knowledge. Classic formal and informal methods and tools based on modelled knowledge must take into account these phenomena and processes. Due to the specific level of development of computer resources and knowledge modelling tools, a defined infrastructure of methods and tools has come into being. We define this stage of knowledge modelling as level I. The processes of creating and generating knowledge is also an interaction between various sources of knowledge: human and computer. We define this stage of knowledge modelling as level II. In addition to the approaches mentioned above, there is a group of tools that were created by artificial intelligence, e.g. case-based reasoning, machine learning, data mining, etc. We define this stage of knowledge modelling as level III. Far-reaching specialization is progressing in many real-world processes. Consequently, the used tools, including computer tools, are subjected to this process. An example of such a solution can be a system which is used to support the design process of certain selected types of manufacturing machines.
... The beginning of the computer model of each design process is specific knowledge [7,8,10,12,13]. This knowledge is in the possession of designers, and is owned and used by them. ...
... With their help ready-made complexes of knowledge or information can be operated providing that the reality and tools are mutually aligned [5,11]. Meanwhile, many elements that constitute important project knowledge go beyond this scheme, develop in a different way to the earlier plan and prediction [12,13]. The resources of the used knowledge may have new, different representations. ...
... This chapter presents templates as well as the process of their development which was observed in cooperation with a company involved in the design and manufacturing of dedicated production lines in the area of steel sheet processing [12,13]. ...
The work presents real, industrial examples of generating, developing and applying UML templates in knowledge modelling for the needs of KBE applications. The applied templates are a synthetic reflection of standard programming constructions used by teams of programmers in specific industrial conditions. Templates are created taking into account both the very individualized specifics of software development, as well as the individualized process of evolution of a specific project area. In this case the construction of the KBE application is implemented as modelling based on carefully elaborated and largely individually tuned templates. The final application of this class is integrated with commercial CAD / CAE systems and other software. The use of the templates allows for a relatively effective, specialized creation of KBE applications. In addition to the skills needed to work with templates, people using this tool must possess clearly articulated, competent and complete substantive knowledge. The article consists of three sections: the first introduces themes to the templates and presents the process of initialization of this tool class in industrial conditions; the second section shows the use of modelling in the process with the gradual evolution of the modelled knowledge; the third section concerns the application of a strategy based on the rational development of a representative set of templates. The examples presented are based on real industrial implementations conducted over a period of about 10 years.
... Characteristics of existing individual stages, acquired, developed and used personal knowledge of designers [2] have been added to the classic substantive-model-stage narration. Attention was paid to process and product models, requirements and constraints, aspects of analysis and synthesis, automation tools, and wider contexts of particular issues [3,4]. The material was collected in terms of personal information and knowledge [2,5,6]. ...
... It is important to quickly and efficiently implement individual actionswhich means: modelling, integrating and making decisions. The informal knowledge can serve as a source of information about the knowledge processed in the project and become the basis for the development of automation tools [3,4]. ...
... Rational solutions are noticeable for these small tasks. Different approaches are used: mental simulations [2,3,4], checking constraints, attempts to apply solutions typical for the case-based reasoning method [2] (and similar or simpler versions of it) and multi-disciplinary optimization methods [7]. Starting such a task, usually the person in charge of solving the problem estimates (the estimation is based on his/her knowledge and intuition) the potential of such a problem, the level of its solvability, the adequacy of the methods and the tools which are used [3,4]. ...
The work concerns the concept of assisting software supporting the design process of a selected class of the CPS (Cyber-Physical System) – a tractor drive system. The task was carried out in a process-oriented convention. The paper presents the characteristics of individual stages of the design task – the design of the tractor transmission electronic unit treated as a design case. To the classic substantive-model-staged narration, the characteristics of existing, acquired, developed and used personal knowledge of designers have been added. Attention was paid to the process, product models, requirements and constraints, aspects of analysis and synthesis, automation tools, and wider contexts of particular issues. The material collected in terms of the personal knowledge served to create the concept of an assistive system for designers to improve the design process through more precise and problem-dedicated knowledge and design models management. The proposed concept is based on design knowledge modelling and can be applied in the design process of the CPS or its elements.
... Small companies offering customized products are limited to work project-based. [7] proposes a computer system allowing these companies to capture, store and access project knowledge. ...
... In addition, literature has proposed tools to support e.g. collaborative modular development [6] and project-based development [7] focusing on the mechanical industry. The IHB industry, however, has other kinds of challenges. ...
Industrialized house-building (IHB) is a sector offering unique products by adopting an engineer-to-order (ETO) strategy. Customer satisfaction is achieved by adaptation of product solutions and the fast-paced introduction of new technology in combination with short lead-times and cost-efficient production. Product platforms is acknowledged as a strategic enabler for mass customization and increased competitiveness. The strategy has been a necessity in the mechanical industry for several decades. However, for IHB, platforms have only gained interest in recent years. In general, ETO companies struggle with adopting the common product platform approach, set by pre-defined modules and components. Predefinitions require standardization of the product offer which reduces the customization ability which is regarded as a competitive edge. The Design Platform (DP) approach was developed aimed to support ETO companies by utilizing different types of engineering assets in a coherent transdisciplinary model enabling efficient customization. The long-term aim of this work is to investigate and support the DP applicability in IHB to increase efficiency in development and delivery. For this article, data were gathered from a single case study, including workshops with company representatives combined with interviews and document analysis. Based on the data analysis, engineering assets were identified and characterized. Further, a conceptual PLM solution is proposed and outlined to support the DP application combined with the assets. The results suggest that a PLM system can host parts of the DP and that it is applicable in IHB.
