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Example of a series of sub-events within a video event in the elicitation experiment. Each video event are 4 s long and the series of sub-events occur without any pauses. The figure illustrates the video event involving a ball and a vase: (1) The ball rolls, (2) hits the vase, (3) the vase tips over, and (4) the vase breaks. As shown, the sequence from one sub-event to the next involves causal and temporal relations. Each sub-event involves movement, contact with another object, or change of state/location.
Source publication
Korean is a language with the verb at the end of a clause/sentence. In chaining several clauses [each consisting of a subject and a verb] in a sentence, a conjunction (e.g., -ko “and then,” -ese “because, and so”) is suffixed to the verb of a non-final clause. Korean has an extensive set of conjunctions that connect to the next clause, expressing t...
Citations
... (e.g., Croft, 1998;Folli & Harley, 2006;Matsumoto, 1996;Talmy, 1985). While English employs a satellite-framed language structure, the same construction lacks an equivalent form in Korean, a verb-framed language, leading to persistent difficulties for Korean learners of English (Choi, 2020;Choi & Bowerman, 1991;Folli & Harley, 2006;Lee & Kim, 2011;Shibatani & Pardeshi, 2002;Sung, 2019;Talmy, 1985;Zubizarreta & Oh, 2007). ...
... However, substantial research on linguistic typology has confirmed that the Korean caused-motion construction does not allow the single-clause packaging strategy (Croft, 1998;Matsumoto, 1996;Talmy, 1985). As Figure 2 demonstrates, the Korean caused-motion construction prefers a bi-clausal formulation strategy (Choi, 2020;Choi & Bowerman, 1991;Zubizarreta & Oh, 2007). In this formulation, the first clause denotes the causal element while the other clause denotes the result state; each clause is mediated by a conjunctive marker, -ese (Shibatani & Pardeshi, 2002). ...
This study investigated the instructional effects of learner uptake following automatic corrective recast
from artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots on the learning of the English caused-motion construction. 69
novice-level EFL learners in a Korean high school were recruited to investigate the instructional effects of
corrective recast from AI chatbots on the learning of the English caused-motion construction. Results from
the elicited writing tasks (EWT) revealed that statistically significant gains were observed in both
immediate and delayed posttests for the production of the English caused-motion construction by
experimental group participants. Also, the relationship between learner uptake from AI chatbots’ corrective
recast and the learning of the English caused-motion construction were analyzed. The results demonstrated
that learners’ successful repair from AI chatbots’ corrective recast was positively correlated with the
learning gains in the two EWT posttests. The study concludes by highlighting the significance of
noticeability in AI chatbots’ corrective feedback for foreign language learning.
* Direct Link:
https://www.lltjournal.org/item/10125-73574/
... As can be seen in (2), interclausal connectives attach to a verb and express a range of clausal relations such as temporal sequence, simultaneity, setting, causality and so forth (e.g., Choi, 2020;Kim, 1990Kim, , 1992Sohn, 2009, for Korean;Clancy, 2019;Hasegawa, 1996;Iwasaki, 2002; for Japanese). ...
... Interclausal connection is suggested to be tighter when clauses are linked with a connective that tends to occur with continuous subjects and actions. For example, Kim suggests that the connective -ko "and (then)," often used for continuous subjects and actions, creates a tighter sense of interclausal connection than the connective -nuntey "while," used for discontinuous subjects and actions (see also Choi, 2020 for the difference in subject continuity of the two connectives). Similarly, given that subject continuity and action continuity tend to persist in clause chains (e.g., Clancy, 2019;Givón, 1976Givón, , 1983Hasegawa, 1996;Iwasaki, 1993;Watanabe, 1994), clause chains such as (3a) are assumed to evoke a tighter sense of interclausal connection than single-clause sentences such as (3b). ...
... Previous research on spoken discourse suggests that subjects and actions are more continuous following -ko "and (then)" than -nuntey "while" (Kim, 1990(Kim, , 1992Choi, 2020) and the higher subject and action continuity of -ko leads to more zero pronouns (Kim, 1990(Kim, , 1992. This analysis is correlational, however, and does not provide conclusive evidence for the role of discourse continuity in referential form production. ...
Much research in the functional linguistics literature suggests that the use of zero pronouns is driven by the degree of interclausal connection. Kim (1990, 1992) claims that in clause chain languages such as Korean and Japanese, zero pronouns are primarily used following an interclausal connective with a tight interclausal connection that maintains subject continuity (whether the subject referent is maintained or changed in the following clause) and action continuity (temporal sequence or action sequence is continued or interrupted in the following clause). Consistent with the claim, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that Korean speakers used more zero pronouns following a connective with higher subject continuity (Experiment 1) and action continuity (Experiments 1 and 2). The effect of connectives was observed when grammatical role, referential predictability, and coherence relation were controlled for (Experiment 2). These results are best explained by assuming the role of discourse continuity on referential form choice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
... We investigated these three topics through a synthesizing analysis of this Research Topic's acquisition studies on three Eurasian clause-chaining languages, with many millions of speakers -Japanese (Clancy, 1985(Clancy, , 2020 ), Korean (Choi, 2020), and Turkish (Aksu-Koç and Slobin, 1985; Ögel-Balaban and Aksu-Koç, 2020) -as well as three underdescribed clause chaining languages of Papua New Guinea and Australia, each with fewer than 5000 speakers -Ku Waru (Rumsey et al., 2020), Nungon (Sarvasy, 2020), and Pitjantjatjara (Defina, 2020). Although these studies target children between 1;1 and 10 years, our emphasis in this comparative analysis is on early development, drawing primarily on the early, qualitative, longitudinal components of these studies. ...
... Children acquiring Japanese, Korean, Ku Waru, Nungon, and Turkish show productive clause chaining of at least 2-clause chains by about age 2;6, with chaining beginning as early as 2;0 (and younger for some children in Japanese, Korean, and Ku Waru). The earliest 2clause sentences in Nungon, observed at 2;4-2;5, are clause Clancy's (1985) and Aksu-Koç's (Aksu-Koç and Slobin, 1985) studies, and number of hours/utterances is not applicable to the cross-sectional/experimental studies (Choi, 2020;Clancy, 2020; Ögel-Balaban and Aksu-Koç, 2020). b Clancy collected 30 h of spontaneous speech data from five children, ages ranging from 1;6 to 3;6. ...
Clause chains are a special type of complex sentence, found in hundreds of languages outside Western Europe, in which clauses are dependent but not embedded, and dozens of clauses can be combined into a single sentential unit. Unlike English complex sentences, clause chains’ distribution is partially predictable in that they can, most fundamentally, be linked to a particular semantic context: description of temporally sequential events or actions. This and the morphological simplicity of verb forms in clause chains may combine to accelerate their acquisition by children, relative to complex sentences in other languages. No previous cross-linguistic studies of the acquisition of complex sentences have investigated clause chaining. In this paper, we report insights from a survey of the acquisition of clause chaining in six languages of diverse stocks with child speech databases spanning 1;1 to 10 years. Overall, children acquiring clause chaining languages begin to produce 2-clause chains between around 1;11 and 2;6. An initial stage in which chains are limited to just two clauses in length is followed by a stage in which longer chains of 3–5 clauses are also produced. Children acquiring languages in which adults produce both same-subject and different-subject clause chains produce a similar mix from early on; for some languages, this involves morphological “switch-reference” marking that anticipates the identity of the subject of an upcoming clause. This survey broadens our understanding of the acquisition of complex sentences by adding new data on the acquisition timing, semantics, and reference continuity of early clause chains.
