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Example of Cymatic shapes generated by CymaSense. Single shapes can be projected onto walls or onto the underside of an interactive table, based on volume, pitch, and timbre (see Figure 7).
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![Fig. 1. A person with ASC interacting with BendableSound [22].](profile/John-Mcgowan-7/publication/350283846/figure/fig1/AS:1009564858216450@1617710427237/A-person-with-ASC-interacting-with-BendableSound-22_Q320.jpg)
The present research evaluates the effectiveness of CymaSense, a real-time 3D visualisation application developed by the authors, as a means of improving the communicative behaviours of autistic participants through the addition of a visual modality within therapeutic music sessions. Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental...
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Context 1
... is an interactive multimodal interface that generates real-time 3D visual stimuli based on Cymatics (see Figure 2), designed to improve the communicative behaviours of people with ASC [25]. In this article, we present a study in which CymaSense was used to augment therapeutic music sessions involving adults with ASC. ...
Context 2
... is an interactive application that generates 3D visualisations in response to real-time acoustic and electronic audio input (see Reference [25] for a detailed presentation of the tool). Processed audio or MIDI input is transformed into translucent 3D Cymatic shapes and projected onto a screen or interactive surface (Figure 2). Changes in volume affect the scale of the shapes being presented. ...
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An integrative Java software, visual3D 1.0, for 3D visualization of objects and chemical molecules was developed in present study. The software uses a XYZ or OBJ file to generate the 3D graphics represented by the file. Various parameters can be specified by users. In the generated 3D graphics window, users may right-or left-click mouse to zoom in...
Citations
... Haptic devices primarily generate vibrations to provide a tactile reaction when interacting with different surfaces of an object [48]. Furthermore, multiple studies have shown that using vibration as a tactile method with autistic people is more effective in promoting social interaction compared to using verbal cues or interpersonal engagement [49]- [51].Haptic technology provides numerous advantages that make it highly appropriate for the evaluation of sensory processing. Understanding the connection between haptic technology and autistic people in terms of their sensory responsiveness is of utmost importance. ...
One of the prominent behavioral impairments observed in autistic people is associated with their challenges in effectively processing sensory information within the human body. This phenomenon is commonly observed as exhibiting either hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to tactile stimuli. To rectify this irregularity, numerous researchers have suggested wearable sensor-based systems and applications within the realm of virtual environments. However, they have neglected to carry out an adequate evaluation and proof of its feasibility for autistic people. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate and contrast three distinct methodologies to determine the most efficient approach for comprehending tactile sensory processing in autistic people using haptic technology. The evaluation encompassed three distinct methodologies: behavioral response analysis, which entails conducting observational studies with autistic people; statistical analysis on tactile sensory patterns (TSP), which involves analyzing data from 9-axis IMU sensors and EMG sensors; and machine learning models, specifically Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), which are trained using tactile sensory sensitivity data. The study demonstrates that behavioral response analysis is limited by subjectivity and variability in responses, despite its capacity to provide useful qualitative perspectives. Meanwhile, statistical analysis reveals limitations in its ability to predict sensory outcomes, despite its capacity to provide quantitative measurements of variations in tactile sensory processing. However, in comparison to behavioral response analysis and statistical analysis, comparative analysis involving machine learning demonstrates exceptional performance in the classification and prediction of tactile sensory processing. Specifically, the RNN model exhibits remarkable accuracy and correctness in detecting tactile sensory processing among autistic people. This study has demonstrated that the use of machine learning methods can be advantageous for autistic people in terms of analyzing tactile sensory processing, providing a new opportunity for exploring, and improving their touch sensitivity to improve their overall quality of life.
... 22,24 Real-time graphics can foster interprofessional education, encouraging collaboration and communication between students and professionals from various health disciplines, such as medicine, nursing, kinesiology, radiology, and clinical laboratory. 25 Interprofessional education is essential to improve the coordination and quality of health care, as it allows professionals to understand and value the skills and competencies of their colleagues in other specialities. 26 Virtual environments and simulations can provide unique opportunities for students from different disciplines to work together in realistic clinical scenarios, fostering collaboration and teamwork. ...
Introduction: Using real-time graphics in health education is particularly relevant in technical skill development and knowledge acquisition in surgery, emergency medicine, and nursing. Objective: To systematize the literature on using real-time graphics in health education. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and ERIC. Results: The impact of real-time graphics use, including virtual reality (VR), in health education was examined, covering disciplines such as medicine, nursing, and other related professions. The findings of the selected studies for this review and existing literature suggest that implementing real-time graphics technologies in health education can significantly improve learning and the acquisition of clinical skills compared to traditional approaches. Conclusions: Virtual reality was found to be particularly effective in training technical skills and surgical procedures and improving the quality of teaching in various disciplines. These findings support experiential learning theory and the idea that repeated practice and immediate feedback in a safe and controlled environment are essential for skill acquisition.
... In both cases they appear in 2.1% (n = 1) of the studies. Within this extensive group of papers is the research of McGowan et al. (2021), where video recording is used during the sessions. An interview with parents is also conducted to find out what changes their children have experienced. ...
... Also, some aspects such as communicative behavior (5.2%, n = 2), improved eye contact (2.6%, n = 1) are considered important. In the case of communicative behavior, McGowan et al. (2021) suggest from their results that the tool they used assisted with the development of communicative behaviors such as the initiation of social greetings or interest in starting a conversation. For eye contact, Herrero et al. (2020) state in their research that eye contact had increased in students after working with virtual reality; although it's not clear the benefits this finding provides. ...
Nowadays, technology plays a fundamental role in the development of daily life activities. In this regard, there is an increase in disciplines that have used technologies, with educational fields standing out above all. Within education, there are a series of emerging technologies that are increasingly implemented in the classroom. Emerging technologies are also well aligned to autistic students and their specific learning and cognitive preferences. Therefore, the aim of this review is to carry out a systematic and thematic review on the application of Virtual reality (VR) in teaching and learning environments for autistic students during the period 1996–2021. Our analysis located a sample of 38 documents obtained from the WEB of Science and Scopus based on following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidance. Our results highlight that much of the research was focused on areas of emotional recognition and social skills development. In addition, we found that when activities were interactive and realistic within the VR environments, the acceptance of this tool was improved for this specific population.
... 24,35,36 For behavioural aspects, hyperkinetic movement, stereotypic-repetitive behaviour, self-stimulatory, and aberrant behaviour were among the features found in this study. The outcome for behaviour aspects produced positive trends, 26,[37][38][39] which is in agreement with prior reviews. 35 Meanwhile, other studies reported no changes in behaviour and even a deterioration after the sound therapy intervention. ...
... 12,13,36 Furthermore, the carry-over effect on the positive outcome (long-term result) is still inconclusive as only a few studies investigated this effect through follow-up testing; usually, after three or six months of intervention. 12,27,34,[37][38][39][40] Nonetheless, additional aspects of ASD are being explored as new information about aetiology emerges from ongoing research, providing a better understanding of the disorder. ...
To map the evidence from the relevant studies regarding the use of music and sound-based intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a scoping review study design. Scoping review was conducted according to the inclusion criteria using Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Scopus. The review was accomplished in five steps: 1) identify the inclusion criteria, 2) search for relevant studies, 3) studies selection, 4) data extraction and charting, and 5) data analysis and presentation. Four major themes emerged from 39 studies that matched the inclusion criteria as follows: 1) forms of sound therapy discussing methods of sound therapy and stimulus used, 2) duration of the intervention explain in terms of listening time and total listening sessions, 3) clinical characteristics of the intervention exploring the main interest of sound therapy study in ASD, and 4) evidence for the intervention effectiveness looking into the positive, negative, and mixed findings of previous studies. Each theme was explored to identify the knowledge gaps in sound-intervention therapy. This review demonstrated the need for further studies to address several issues including identifying the effectiveness of sound-therapy intervention for ASD according to the individual sound types, the minimum duration for ASD sound-therapy intervention and more details on the use of technology, and clinical features of the sound-therapy intervention. These elements are important to further demonstrate the effectiveness of sound therapy intervention for ASD children.
... Oqielat and others say BIM is not only a modeling tool but also an idea and approach throughout the entire life cycle of a building [2]. Mcgowan et al. said that the implementation of BIM technology is absolutely not dependent on a single software, but in the process of architectural design, construction, and operation and maintenance, all parties cooperate [3]. According to Zhao et al., compared with the 2D mapping mode with CAD software as the core, BIM technology has attracted much attention because of its visualization, parameterization, coordination, simulation, and graphability [4]. ...
In order to solve the problem of 3D modeling in building assembly, an application of a 3D model based on the real scene in the building assembly structure is proposed. This method, based on the current BIM technology in nanomaterial design research, analyzes the problems existing in the traditional assembly structure design scheme and analyzes the feasibility of BIM technology in the forward design of assembly buildings from the perspective of theory and practical application. The experimental results show that the urban building model established by the 3D model has high precision and a good real-scene effect. The accuracy of the building model meets the requirements of 1 : 1000 mapping, has measurable accuracy, and elevation accuracy is better than 30 cm. The 3D model promotes the development of informatization.
... Cada vez más investigadores son conscientes de la necesidad de encontrar, definir o desarrollar nuevas formas de evaluar las interacciones y las interfaces tecnológicas musicales (O'Modhrain, 2011;Vasilakos, 2016;Yang & Lerch, 2020), algunas de ellas incluyendo la experiencia protagónica de usuario (Brown et al., 2017). También es un hecho la existencia de investigaciones que integran además aspectos conjuntos de la educación, la salud y el bienestar de los usuarios dentro de los procesos de diseño de las nuevas tecnologías musicales (Casal, 2000;Cerebello et al., 2019;Francis, 2018;Holland & Fiebrink, 2019;Knight, 2013;Krout et al., 1993;Mcgowan et al., 2021;Streeter, et al., 2012;Van Besouw et al., 2016). ...
Este artículo revisa el estado del arte de las investigaciones que han evaluado hasta el momento las interacciones entre los humanos y las tecnologías musicales. El objetivo es estudiar cuántas de las investigaciones existentes en este campo han evaluado la singular interacción proactiva, creativa y expresiva de los usuarios tecnológicos, y cuántas integran además aspectos relacionados con la educación, la salud y el bienestar, con el fin de potenciar un futuro enriquecimiento del trabajo colaborativo entre profesionales especializados dentro de los diseños de tecnología creativa musical, y los equipos educativos en los que se presencian este tipo de interacciones tecnológicas. La cuarta revolución industrial hipernormaliza progresivamente la creatividad, manteniendo una falsa y excesiva normalización social de su lógica funcional. Su paradigma tecnosimbólico afecta a ciencia, educación, uso y apropiación de la tecnología. Como consecuencia, la rigidez de la estandarización y automatización normaliza los procesos de aprendizaje creativos, generando disonancias cognitivas que afectan a la salud y el bienestar de las personas, evidenciando la necesidad de encontrar diseños tecnológicos flexiblemente humanizados. Este estudio pone en valor la práctica musical como una de las áreas creativas que más está revolucionando el campo de las interacciones tecnológicas cognitivas. A través de una metodología mixta, basada en la recopilación, el análisis y la interpretación de las fuentes más pertinentes, recabadas en tres de las principales bases de datos científicas, se obtiene un porcentaje escaso de investigaciones relacionadas con el objeto central de búsqueda ya mencionado en el objetivo descrito. Las conclusiones evidencian que la comunidad científica no se ha enfocado en la búsqueda de paradigmas inclusivos que integren una dimensión de la evaluación respetuosa con las capacidades creativas del usuario tecnológico, a partir de un concepto abierto y holístico de la educación, la salud y el bienestar. Ello señala la oportunidad para implementar evaluaciones que cuenten con la participación de musicoterapeutas y terapeutas artístico-creativos dentro de los procesos de diseño de la tecnología creativa y expresiva, con el fin de facilitar una búsqueda crítica y proactiva de nuevos paradigmas tecnológicos más respetuosos, flexibles y resilientes con la educación, la salud y el bienestar, incluyendo marcos capaces de aportar alternativas viables al problema que plantea la hipernormalización tecnológica actual.
While the needs and care for children on the autism spectrum have been widely investigated, the intervention and services available to autistic adults have been overlooked for a long time. This survey paper reviewed 32 articles that described and evaluated assistive technologies that have been developed and evaluated through a complete circle of interactive product design from ideation, prototype, and user evaluation. These assistive technologies aim to improve independence and living quality in autistic adults. We extracted information from the perspective of requirement gathering, technology designing, and effectiveness of evaluation in the design cycle. We found a general lack of requirements-driven design, and the evaluation process was not standardized either. The lack of requirement gathering results in designs purely based on existing literature without targeting actual user needs. Our synthesis of included paper contributes to developing iterative design considerations in assistive technologies for autistic adults. We also suggest that assistive technologies for autistic adults shift some attention from assisting only autistic adults who require at least substantial support to embracing also those who have been living independently but rather have difficulties in social interaction. Assistive technologies for them have the potentials to help them consolidate and enhance their experiences in independent living.
