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Example image of the user simulating how she might look after 9 years of aging without smoking. The screenshot was taken directly from the iPad.
Source publication
Background:
There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of addressing tobacco use in health care settings. However, few smokers receive cessation advice when visiting a hospital. Implementing smoking cessation technology in outpatient waiting rooms could be an effective strategy for change, with the potential to expose almost all patients visit...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... tablet screen displayed the instruction "Tap 'Start' to see how smoking affects your face!" (written in German) and was in guided access mode to ensure that patients could not quit the app. The app then displayed images of the patient's face simulating their appearance after 1 to 15 years of not smoking (Figure 3) or smoking (Figure 4). ...
Citations
... Facial aging interventions that change the user's image and predict future appearance can motivate healthier behavior in the prevention of obesity, skin cancer, and smoking cessation. Preliminary results can be explained by the importance of the emergence of self-concept, especially in adolescence [23]. A systematic review of the interventions to promote sun protection behaviors in recreational settings showed poor and heterogeneous findings on the effectiveness of interventions. ...
... Theories of social cognitive, planned behavior, and protection motivation in the field of behavior change provide useful insights to explain variables influencing the adoption of sun protection behaviors [23]. PMT was proposed by Rogers [26] based on the value expectation model to explain the effects of fear on health attitudes and behaviors. ...
Background
Excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin cancer. Implementing new technologies and computational algorithms can potentially change the outlook for cancer prevention and facilitate early detection of melanoma, thereby reducing mortality. Mobile technology as a potential provider of health services in delivering health information and conducting interventions, especially in skin fields, where a significant part of diagnosis is based on visual examination, can be important. Evidence showed that constructs of protection motivation theory (PMT) were good predictors of practicing sun protection behaviors in students. This study will investigate whether mobile applications improve safe and healthy behaviors and affect students' reduced UV exposure.
Method/design
This randomized controlled trial will be conducted on 320 students on 06/04/2022 in Zahedan. We created mobile applications (Sunshine and Skin Health and WhatsApp apps). Sunshine and Skin Health app allows users to see their changed faces in three stages of adolescence, middle age, and old age based on sun protection behavior. The WhatsApp app has 27 health messages based on PMT theory, eight educational files, and a skin cancer clip that will be sent through WhatsApp during a week. Randomization will be performed using a 1:1 (control: intervention) ratio. The primary endpoint is the group difference in sun-protective behaviors and PMT constructs immediately after the intervention. The secondary endpoint is the group difference in sun-protective behaviors and PMT constructs at a 3-month follow-up. The data will be analyzed in SPSS.22, and the significance level will be considered at 0.05.
Discussion
The present study examines the effectiveness of mobile applications in improving sun-protective behaviors. If this intervention enhances sun protection behaviors, it can prevent students’ skin damage.
Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20200924048825N1. Prospectively registered on 8 February 2021.
... Facial aging interventions that change the user's image and predict future appearance can motivate healthier behavior in the prevention of obesity, skin cancer, and smoking cessation. Preliminary results can be explained by the importance of the emergence of self-concept, especially in adolescence (23). A systematic review of the interventions to promote sun protection behaviors in recreational settings showed poor and heterogeneous ndings on the effectiveness of interventions. ...
... Theories of social cognitive, planned behavior, and protection motivation in the eld of behavior change provide useful insights to explain variables in uencing the adoption of sun protection behaviors (23). PMT was proposed by Rogers (1975) based on the value expectation model to explain the effects of fear on health attitudes and behaviors (26). ...
Background: Excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin cancer. Implementing new technologies and computational algorithms can potentially change the outlook for cancer prevention and facilitate early detection of melanoma, thereby reducing mortality. Mobile technology as a potential provider of health services in delivering health information and conducting interventions, especially in skin fields, where a significant part of diagnosis is based on visual examination, can be important. Evidence showed that constructs of protection motivation theory (PMT) were good predictors of practicing sun protection behaviors in students. This study will investigate whether mobile applications improve safe and healthy behaviors and affect students' reduced UV exposure.
Method/design: This randomized controlled trial will be conducted on 320 students in 06/04/2022 in Zahedan. We created mobile applications (Sunshine and Skin Health and WhatsApp apps). Sunshine and Skin Health app allows users to see their changed faces in three stages of adolescence, middle age, and old age based on sun protection behavior. The WhatsApp app has 27 health messages based on PMT theory, eight educational files, and a skin cancer clip that will be sent through WhatsApp during a week. Randomization will be performed using a 1:1 (control: intervention) ratio. The primary endpoint is the group difference in sun-protective behaviors immediately after the intervention. The secondary endpoint is the group difference in sun-protective behaviors at a 3-month follow-up. The data will be analyzed in SPSS.22, and the significance level will be considered 0.05.
Discussion: The present study examines the effectiveness of mobile applications in improving sun-protective behaviors. If this intervention enhances sun protection behaviors, it can prevent students' skin damage.
Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on February 8, 2021 (IRCT20200924048825N1).
... The majority of these software programmes work by displaying a time progression of the ageing process on a photograph of the face, considering the impact of the health behaviour informed by research on skin ageing. Interventions of this type have more recently been developed into apps and implemented within both schools [12,13] and a range of patient centered healthcare settings such as community pharmacies [9] and waiting room settings [14] with success in educating participants and patients as to the outcomes of smoking and changing behaviour. ...
... Specifically, the research aimed to explore participants' reactions to the intervention, and the potential impact of viewing the intervention on smoking. Developments in age-progression interventions continue to grow internationally in patient centered health settings [9,14] and in schools [12,21,22]. It has been over a decade since Grogan et al.'s [16] qualitative investigation into the experiences of women engaging with an age-progression intervention for smoking, and the popularity of face ageing and face changing apps [18] and use of other health technologies has risen. ...
... Previous research on age-progression interventions has observed some success with this kind of approach, as additional health-related stop smoking advice has been introduced at the end of the intervention to capitalize on motivation to quit [9]. Moreover, the appearance-focused intervention has been placed in traditional healthbased settings such as pharmacies [9] or clinical waiting rooms [14] with some success. The use of this kind of intervention in these settings with women smokers, and with an equal focus on appearance and health, may be a positive way forward for work in this area. ...
Objectives
Appearance-related interventions to promote healthy behaviour have been found effective to communicate health risks. The current study aimed to explore women smokers' experiences of age-progression software showing the effects of smoking on the face.
Methods
A qualitative design was implemented, utilizing both individual interviews and focus groups within a critical realist framework. Fifteen, 19–52 year-old women smokers were administered an age-progression intervention. All participants responded to the intervention, engaged in semi-structured interviews, and were invited back to attend one of three focus groups. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Four main themes were identified: Health versus Appearance, Shock Reaction, Perceived Susceptibility, and Intention to Quit. Participants found the intervention useful, voicing need for a comprehensive approach that includes both appearance and health. Despite increases in appearance-based apps which could diminish impact, women's accounts of shock induced by the aged smoking-morphed images were similar to previous work conducted more than ten years previously.
Conclusions
The study provides novel insights in how women smokers currently perceive, and react to, an age-progression intervention for smoking cessation.
Innovation
Findings emphasise the implementation of this intervention type accompanied by health information in a range of patient settings.
... 13 Waiting-room educational interventions are increasingly being shown to be effective in both changing health behaviours and health literacy. 14,15,16,17 Whilst most waiting rooms have a wide and varied amount of information, there remains the opportunity for targeted information. 18 In a qualitative study of 60 GPs in France, the GPs acknowledged that whilst the demand for health information by patients had increased, the delivery of targeted information in waiting rooms was not a common practice. ...
Issue addressedCurrently, in Australia, male health outcomes are poorer than that of females, with males experiencing a lower life expectancy, accounting for 62% of the premature deaths. Exploring male-specific health promotional material in health facility waiting rooms provides an opportunity to examine available health information. There are few studies on health-related education for patients, families and carers in general practitioner (GP) waiting rooms, and no studies on male-specific health material content in waiting rooms. Methods
This prospective observational study audited all printed health promotional materials in all health facility waiting rooms within a single local government area. A total of 24 sites were surveyed, which included general practice centres, community health centres and hospitals. The surveyed health literature included posters, brochures and booklets. ResultsThere were 1143 health materials audited across the sites. Of these, 3.15% (n = 36) were male-specific literature, 15.31% (n = 175) were female-specific health literature and 81.54% (n = 932) were neutral/others. Overwhelmingly, the audited health literature evidenced a 5:1 ratio favouring female-specific literature versus male-specific literature. Conclusions
This research highlighted that despite the known outcomes of lower male life expectancy and higher burden of disease, male-specific literature was observed to be significantly under-represented within the audited health facility waiting room spaces. There remains potential for health clinicians to provide targeted male health education and thereby improve male health literacy.
... As no additional medical equipment or time utilization is needed to use mHealth interventions, the expenditures for clinical data monitoring and educational/information exchange between doctors and patients are lower than those of face-to-face services [11]. Moreover, mHealth has been used in many aspects of people's lives to help them adapt to various health conditions and problems, including those related to mental health [12,13], heart failure [14], and smoking cessation [15,16]. ...
... A difference was found between the telephone group and nontelephone group, although it was not statistically significant (I 2 =48.5%, P=. 16). Compared with usual care, mHealth using telephone calls significantly reduced pain intensity in 3 studies (MD -1.12, 95% CI -1.71 to -0.53; ...
Background
Low back pain is one of the most common health problems and a main cause of disability, which imposes a great burden on patients. Mobile health (mHealth) affects many aspects of people’s lives, and it has progressed rapidly, showing promise as an effective intervention for patients with low back pain. However, the efficacy of mHealth interventions for patients with low back pain remains unclear; thus, further exploration is necessary.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mHealth interventions in patients with low back pain compared to usual care.
Methods
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials designed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) statement standard. We searched for studies published in English before October 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Two researchers independently scanned the literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Bias risks were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. We used RevMan 5.4 software to perform the meta-analysis.
ResultsA total of 9 studies with 792 participants met the inclusion criteria. The simultaneous use of mHealth and usual care showed a better reduction in pain intensity than usual care alone, as measured by the numeric rating scale (mean difference [MD] –0.85, 95% CI –1.29 to –0.40; P
... The study population included all the four professional Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) Course who were either established smokers or regular smokers (defined by a total of 100 cigarettes smoked till the day of data collection). [6,7] The variability of the population was attained as students belonged to different states. A total of 250 students both males and females were shortlisted using a survey questionnaire comprehending questions pertaining to sociodemographic variables and the numerical count of cigarettes smoked [ Figure 1]. ...
Objectives:
The study objective was to test the effectiveness of a photoaging software (APRILAGE©) intervention based on personalized, vivid illustrations of "smoker's face" among smokers aged 18-24 years of age in Bhubaneswar city through a self-structured questionnaire.
Materials and methods:
A total of 204 engineering college students were randomized into two groups: intervention and control. A self-structured questionnaire in the form of Google Form was distributed among the participants. The study group participants were photographed using Aprilage® Software. Follow-up data were collected using the same questionnaire at 1-month and 3-month intervals. Statistical Analysis was done using STATA 15 software. Descriptive statistics and the relation between the dependent and independent variables were done using the nonparametric tests of significance. The probability value was kept at 0.05.
Results:
Significant reduction in nicotine dependency, was seen in 64.36% of the study population (P < 0.0001). There was a shift from severely dependent group to moderately or low dependence group in 33% of the study occupants.
Conclusion:
Aging software intervention is contemporary, congenial, and admissible and can be espoused to educate youngsters along with the conventional motivational methods. This method successfully delivers smoking cessation advice to young adults. This novel approach can be implemented in motivating young smokers to quit smoking.
... Although use of tablet-based questionnaires is growing rapidly in health care, few studies have explored their use in primary care settings, and knowledge about predictors of their real-world uptake is still limited. Although other investigators have reported on patient surveys of tablet acceptability [6,11,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], to our knowledge, ours is the first study to examine tablet questionnaire uptake and completion rates in a primary care setting and to quantitatively identify predictors of uptake and successful completion. ...
Background:
mHealth tablet-based interventions are increasingly being studied and deployed in various health care settings, yet little knowledge exists regarding patient uptake and acceptance or how patient demographics influence these important implementation metrics.
Objective:
To determine which factors influence the uptake and successful completion of an mHealth tablet questionnaire by analyzing its implementation in a primary care setting.
Methods:
We prospectively studied a patient-facing electronic touch-tablet asthma questionnaire deployed as part of the Electronic Asthma Management System. We describe tablet uptake and completion rates and corresponding predictor models for these behaviors.
Results:
The tablet was offered to and accepted by patients in 891/1715 (52.0%) visits. Patients refused the tablet in 33.0% (439/1330) visits in which it was successfully offered. Patients aged older than 65 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.33-3.95) and with concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.05-4.67) were more likely to refuse the tablet, and those on an asthma medication (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30-0.99) were less likely to refuse it. Once accepted, the questionnaire was completed in 784/891 (88.0%) instances, with those on an asthma medication (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.88) being less likely to leave it incomplete.
Conclusions:
Older age predicted initial tablet refusal but not tablet questionnaire completion, suggesting that perceptions of mHealth among older adults may negatively impact uptake, independent of usability. The influence of being on an asthma medication suggests that disease severity may also mediate mHealth acceptance. Although use of mHealth questionnaires is growing rapidly across health care settings and diseases, few studies describe their real-world acceptance and its predictors. Our results should be complemented by qualitative methods to identify barriers and enablers to uptake and may inform technological and implementation strategies to drive successful usage.
... Indeed, the idea of using tablet-based activities to more productively utilise the time patients spend in waiting areas is a growing area in other medical disciplines. For example, tablets are being increasingly used in health-care to collect questionnaire/PROM data, 25,26 as an educational tool, [27][28][29][30] or for functional testing. 31 However, this concept remains relatively unexplored in ophthalmology. ...
Purpose:
To describe, refine, evaluate, and provide normative control data for two freely available tablet-based tests of real-world visual function, using a cohort of young, normally-sighted adults.
Methods:
Fifty young (18-40 years), normally-sighted adults completed tablet-based assessments of (1) face discrimination and (2) visual search. Each test was performed twice, to assess test-retest repeatability. Post-hoc analyses were performed to determine the number of trials required to obtain stable estimates of performance. Distributions were fitted to the normative data to determine the 99% population-boundary for normally sighted observers. Participants were also asked to rate their comprehension of each test.
Results:
Both tests provided stable estimates in around 20 trials (~1-4 min), with only a further reduction of 14%-17% in the 95% Coefficient of Repeatability (CoR95 ) when an additional 40 trials were included. When using only ~20 trials: median durations for the first run of each test were 191 s (Faces) and 51 s (Search); test-retest CoR95 were 0.27 d (Faces) and 0.84 s (Search); and normative 99% population-limits were 3.50 d (Faces) and 3.1 s (Search). No participants exhibited any difficulties completing either test (100% completion rate), and ratings of task-understanding were high (Faces: 9.6 out of 10; Search: 9.7 out of 10).
Conclusions:
This preliminary assessment indicated that both tablet-based tests are able to provide simple, quick, and easy-to-administer measures of real-world visual function in normally-sighted young adults. Further work is required to assess their accuracy and utility in older people and individuals with visual impairment. Potential applications are discussed, including their use in clinic waiting rooms, and as an objective complement to Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).
... A kiosk version (i.e., tablet projecting to a wall-mounted monitor) of the face-aging SmokerFace was developed for the waiting room of an HIV outpatient clinic and tested during a 19-day period during which patients tried the app and then completed an anonymous questionnaire (N = 187). Most smokers reported that the app was fun and motivated them to quit; nonsmokers reported the app motivated them to never take up smoking [49]. ...
Purpose of Review
Smoking remains a leading preventable cause of premature death in the world; thus, developing effective and scalable smoking cessation interventions is crucial. This review uses the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model for early phase development of behavioral interventions to conceptually organize the state of research of mobile applications (apps) for smoking cessation, briefly highlight their technical and theory-based components, and describe available data on efficacy and effectiveness.
Recent Findings
Our review suggests that there is a need for more programmatic efforts in the development of mobile applications for smoking cessation, though it is promising that more studies are reporting early phase research such as user-centered design. We identified and described the app features used to implement smoking cessation interventions, and found that the majority of the apps studied used a limited number of mechanisms of intervention delivery, though more effort is needed to link specific app features with clinical outcomes. Similar to earlier reviews, we found that few apps have yet been tested in large well-controlled clinical trials, although progress is being made in reporting transparency with protocol papers and clinical trial registration.
Summary
ORBIT is an effective model to summarize and guide research on smartphone apps for smoking cessation. Continued improvements in early phase research and app design should accelerate the progress of research in mobile apps for smoking cessation.
... A facial-aging app was implemented as part of the school-based EAT interventions to increase effectiveness. Facial-aging interventions, in which a selfie is altered to predict future appearance, provide motivation for healthier behavioral choices in adiposity prevention, skin cancer prevention, and smoking cessation [14,16,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. An explanation for these preliminary results may be the high importance of appearance for a persons' self-concept, especially in adolescence [40]. ...
Background: Smoking is the largest preventable cause of mortality in Brazil. Education Against Tobacco (EAT) is a network of more than 3500 medical students and physicians across 14 countries who volunteer for school-based smoking prevention programs. EAT educates 50,000 adolescents per year in the classroom setting. A recent quasi-experimental study conducted in Germany showed that EAT had significant short-term smoking cessation effects among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years.
