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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) currently represent the best candidate to be adopted as the communication solution for the last mile connection in process control and monitoring applications in industrial environments. Most of these applications have stringent dependability (reliability and availability) requirements, as a system failure may result...
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... In recent studies, Karapantelakis et al. [27] utilized network and infrastructure resources to automate the deployment pipeline, while Kim [28] focused on how data flows in IoT applications through DevOps. Bae et al. [29] used DevOps containers for deploying IoT services, and Syed and Fernandez [29] emphasized IoT and DevOps infrastructure separately [30,31]. ...
This research paper proposes a DevOps and IoT-based software delivery and system availability performance model with continuous monitoring and feedback. The model was developed to measure the software delivery performance and system availability of organizations using various DevOps capabilities. The research involved data collection from IT organizations across different industries, and the findings were analyzed to determine the impact of different capabilities on software delivery performance and system availability. The results show that the use of DevOps practices, coupled with IoT-based monitoring, can significantly improve software delivery performance and system availability. The research also highlights the importance of operational capabilities in improving system availability. The study concludes by providing insights into how organizations can leverage the findings to improve their software delivery performance and system availability, ultimately becoming elite performers. The research provides valuable insights and a practical framework for organizations looking to improve their software delivery performance and system availability using DevOps and IoT-based approaches.
... In this paper, the results of reliability tests conforming to the AEC-Q100 standard are analyzed with the typical pressure sensor of a new energy vehicle as an example. This sensor has high requirements for reliability as well as operating environment [23], such as humidity, dust, water, EMC, and harmful gas erosion [24][25][26]. In addition, as for many automotive devices, the requirements of vibration and shock will be much higher than those of consumer electronic products. ...
There is an increasing demand for the use of automotive sensors where complex working environments may easily lead to failure. Wire pull and shear test models based on finite-element analysis are established to evaluate their reliability by investigating the failure mode and mechanism of gold wire bonding. The effect of shear force position and pull force position on failure is also analyzed. The bonding failure was verified by experiments, which is consistent with the simulation result. The results show that: (1) The three-dimensional quantitative modeling reveals the process of bonding delamination and stress concentration. (2) The bonding–slip method (BSM) is adopted in the gold ball detaching process. The concept of three states, including deformation accumulation, cracking, and disengagement, was put forward to reveal the interface stress evolution trend according to the shear testing results. The results indicate that in the interface, the stress in the deformation accumulation state decreases from the tensile side (or compression side) to the center, and the stress in the cracking and disengagement states reduces gradually from the tensile side to the edge. When the interface is completely separated, the failed shear force concentrates on 42 g. The concept and theory proposed in this work can effectively reveal the failure mechanism of bonding interface and help to establish a new failure criterion.
... A WSN has a variety of unique features including power efficiency, scalability, responsiveness, reliability, and mobility. In the recent decade, WSNs have been widely used in various sectors, including water observation [2], agricultural surveillance [3], forest monitoring [4], battlefield and military operations [5], [6], autonomous and smart homes [7], industrial applications [8], ocean environment monitoring for catastrophe prevention [9], [10] and monitoring of various parameters of the ocean [11]. ...
... In process automation, WirelessHART has been studied for control [22]. Nixon et al. [24] proposed a wireless mesh network to suit the control performance needs (e.g., WirelessHART). ...
... The connection C1 between the end nodes, the network connectivity rate C2, and the network capacity C3 are three factors that may be used to assess the dependability of Rs. Formula (19) equals [34]: An important metric of network performance is the network's dependability [32,33]. The connection C 1 between the end nodes, the network connectivity rate C 2 , and the network capacity C 3 are three factors that may be used to assess the dependability of Rs. ...
... The connection C 1 between the end nodes, the network connectivity rate C 2 , and the network capacity C 3 are three factors that may be used to assess the dependability of Rs. Formula (19) equals [34]: R s = 0.167C 1 + 0.5C 2 + 0.333C 3 (19) The interconnection of end-to-end nodes is referred to as the dependability of network node connections. The reliability matrix is typically constructed using the distance between nodes as seen by WSNs, and the results are compared to random edge reliability matrix samples [35]. ...
In wireless sensor networks, each sensor node has a finite amount of energy to expend. The clustering method is an efficient way to deal with the imbalance in node energy consumption. A topology optimization technique for wireless sensor networks based on the Cauchy variation optimization crow search algorithm (CM-CSA) is suggested to address the issues of rapid energy consumption, short life cycles, and unstable topology in wireless sensor networks. At the same time, a clustering approach for wireless sensor networks based on the enhanced Cauchy mutation crow search algorithm is developed to address the issue of the crow algorithm’s sluggish convergence speed and ease of falling into the local optimum. It utilizes the Cauchy mutation to improve the population’s variety and prevent settling for the local optimum, as well as to broaden the range of variation and the capacity to carry out global searches. When the leader realizes he is being followed, the discriminative probability is introduced to improve the current person’s location update approach. According to the simulation findings, the suggested CM-CSA algorithm decreases the network’s average energy consumption by 66.7%, 50%, and 33.3% and enhances its connectivity performance by 52.9%, 37.6%, and 23.5% when compared to the PSO algorithm, AFSA method, and basic CSA algorithm.
... Studies, evaluations, and analyses of WSNs' reliability have been previously carried out in several studies [26,27]. Evaluation of the reliability of a WSN can be conducted utilizing different techniques, of which the most well-known are a universal generating function [28], a Markov model [29], a fault tree [30], and a Monte Carlo simulation [31], where the authors utilized an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) beside a Monte Carlo simulation, to evaluate the WSN's reliability. The authors of [32] proposed a Monte Carlo Markov chain simulation method to evaluate the reliability, regarding data capacity and coverage area, of mobile WSNs with multi-state nodes, but the power consumption was not taken into account. ...
There are many different fields in which wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, military, and security. Due to the vulnerability of WSNs, reliability is a critical concern. Evaluation of a WSN’s reliability is essential during the design process and when evaluating WSNs’ performance. Current research uses the reliability block diagram (RBD) technique, based on component functioning or failure state, to evaluate reliability. In this study, a new methodology-based RBD, to calculate the energy reliability of various proposed chain models in WSNs, is presented. A new method called D-Chain is proposed, to form the chain starting from the nearest node to the base station (BS) and to choose the chain head based on the minimum distance D, and Q-Chain is proposed, to form the chain starting from the farthest node from the BS and select the head based on the maximum weight, Q. Each chain has three different arrangements: single chain/single-hop, multi-chain/single-hop, and multi-chain/multi-hop. Moreover, we applied dynamic leader nodes to all of the models mentioned. The simulation results indicate that the multi Q-Chain/single-hop has the best performance, while the single D-Chain has the least reliability in all situations. In the grid scenario, multi Q-Chain/single-hop achieved better average reliability, 11.12 times greater than multi D-Chain/single-hop. On the other hand, multi Q-Chain/single-hop achieved 6.38 times better average reliability than multi D-Chain/single-hop, in a random scenario.
... Khakzad et al.97 then developed a dynamic Bayesian Network as an extension of dynamic FTA, dealing with the lack of FTA representing a conditional dependency. In addition, all researchers are grouped to five clusters with different tags, Reliability and availability evaluation of wireless sensor networks for industrial applications"81 164"Extension of VIKOR method in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment for robot selection" 82 160"The ELECTRE multicriteria analysis approach based on Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets" 83 132Energy "Adaptive fault detection and diagnosis using an evolving fuzzy classifier" 84 119 "A comparative analysis of score functions for multiple criteria decision making in intuitionistic fuzzy settings"85 New progress of Grey System Theory in the new millennium" 86 110 ...
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is one of the most popular failure analysis techniques that reveal the potential pathways leading to systems or components failure. It has been widely employed in numerous sectors to understand how a system fails and is improved. However, the conventional FTA has been criticized due to a series of inherent shortcomings in the FTA state of the arts. Accordingly , scholars, engineers, and practitioners made their attempts to improve the FTA by dealing with its critical deficiencies over the last decade. However , a few works have been performed to review and synthesize the relevant studies on FTA improvement topics. Thus, the present study is aimed to carry out a systematic literature review of the state-of-the-art theoretical and empirical findings concerning FTA improvement from 2011 to 2021 using the Scopus database collection. In this sense, an in-depth investigation is conducted using statistical metadata analysis. This subject discusses frontier directions and development trends to reveal the research status. In addition, a bibliometric study is undertaken to ascertain the most productive and influential researchers, research centers, and hotspot fields. It also sheds light on the FTA shortcomings in the existing literature, the evolution in FTA improvement topics, and research opportunities. The outcomes of the present work highlighted that This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
... Silva et al. [65] proposed a methodology based on the automatic generation of fault trees to evaluate the reliability and availability of WSNs when permanent faults occurred in network devices. The proposed methodology supported all topologies, varying levels of redundancy, network reconfigurations, device importance, and arbitrary failure conditions. ...
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is recognized as one of the most successful for short-range low-rate wireless communications and is used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To improve the performance of wireless networks, interest in protocols that rely on interaction between different layers has increased. Cross-layer design has become an issue in wireless communication systems as it can improve the capacity of wireless networks by optimizing cooperation between multiple layers that constitute network systems. Power efficiency and network scalability must be addressed to spread IoT. In multi-hop networks, many devices share wireless media and are geographically distributed; consequently, efficient medium access control (MAC) and routing protocols are required to mitigate interference and improve reliability. Cross-layer design is a novel network design approach to support flexible layer techniques in IoT. We propose a cross-layer protocol for the MAC layer and routing layer to satisfy the requirements of various networks. The proposed scheme enables scalable and reliable mesh networking using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and provides robust connectivity and efficient path discovery procedures. It also proposes a novel address-allocation technique to improve address-allocation methods that cannot support large sensor networks. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme could improve reliability and reduce end-to-end delay.
... Error or fault detection refers to identifying any unexpected failure or damaging forces that affect a network's or node's optimum condition [47]. Based on their performance, fault detection methods are divided into three categories: centralized, self-supervision, and decentralized [19,31,34]. ...
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) has drastically impacted how the world operates. The Internet of Things (IoT), encompassed significantly by the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), is an important subsection component of the IR 4.0. WSNs are a good demonstration of an ambient intelligence vision, in which the environment becomes intelligent and aware of its surroundings. WSN has unique features which create its own distinct network attributes and is deployed widely for critical real-time applications that require stringent prerequisites when dealing with faults to ensure the avoidance and tolerance management of catastrophic outcomes. Thus, the respective underlying Fault Tolerance (FT) structure is a critical requirement that needs to be considered when designing any algorithm in WSNs. Moreover, with the exponential evolution of IoT systems, substantial enhancements of current FT mechanisms will ensure that the system constantly provides high network reliability and integrity. Fault tolerance structures contain three fundamental stages: error detection, error diagnosis, and error recovery. The emergence of analytics and the depth of harnessing it has led to the development of new fault-tolerant structures and strategies based on artificial intelligence and cloud-based. This survey provides an elaborate classification and analysis of fault tolerance structures and their essential components and categorizes errors from several perspectives. Subsequently, an extensive analysis of existing fault tolerance techniques based on eight constraints is presented. Many prior studies have provided classifications for fault tolerance systems. However, this research has enhanced these reviews by proposing an extensively enhanced categorization that depends on the new and additional metrics which include the number of sensor nodes engaged, the overall fault-tolerant approach performance, and the placement of the principal algorithm responsible for eliminating network errors. A new taxonomy of comparison that also extensively reviews previous surveys and state-of-the-art scientific articles based on different factors is discussed and provides the basis for the proposed open issues.
... The automatic generation of a fault tree model, proposed for the evaluation of the reliability and availability of wireless sensor networks, is used when permanent faults occur on network devices. The proposed model which supports any kind of network topology, levels of redundancy, reconfigurations, criticality, and any arbitrary failure conditions is particularly useful for the optimization of the reliability and availability requirements of the senor [28]. ...
Sensors and actuators systems are often located at the most remote part of an IoT system architecture and they are mainly subjected to very harsh environmental-related conditions. With the criticality of their applications, it is important therefore that their reliability, availability, and performances are constantly monitored and evaluated. In this paper, a hybrid failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) model, which is a proactive reliability tool has been proposed, for the evaluation of the reliability of the sensor and actuators used in the design of an IoT system architecture, by prioritizing the system’s failure modes. The simulated results presented in the study showed that, the 'Electrical/Electronic Faults (EEF)' which is one of the failure modes considered, is found to have the highest risk and failure potential (reliability concerns) when subjected to these environmental conditions. Hence, it is suggested that the EEF should be lined up for maintenance and reliability monitoring. Furthermore, the impact of the harsh environmental conditions (p and q) which were captured in the model and given the fixed values [0.4700 and 0.0180] were modelled.
