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European frog-bit (Hydrocharis morsusranae L.) fruits. Penny shown for scale. Photograph by Blake C. Cahill.
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This document was initially a product of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) grant between the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE, previously the MDEQ) and Central Michigan University (CMU) in 2018 (Cahill et al. 2018a). It was reviewed by attendees of the European Frog...
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Citations
... To accompany these goals, four preliminary approaches for statewide management of EFB, inclusive of management objectives and strategic actions, were proposed (Cahill et al. 2018b). At the Fall 2018 EFB Collaborative Workshop, a priority list of critical information and resource needs for EFB management was created, and a Standard Treatment Impact Monitoring Protocol for assessing management outcomes was coalesced upon (Cahill et al. 2019b). In a subsequent post-workshop survey, nominations to represent the various stakeholders and partners in the collaborative on the EFB-TAG were solicited. ...
Michigan's European Frog-bit Adaptive Management Framework (EFB AMF) aims to eliminate EFB’s impact to the Great Lakes Basin ecosystem and economy by preventing spread to new areas of the state and reducing the impacts of established infestations. The EFB AMF contains five strategies to improve EFB management and reduce the threat of EFB to Michigan’s natural communities. The strategies are inclusive of results chains that demonstrate how strategies will improve EFB management, action plans that document who will be doing what and when, and monitoring plans to assess progress and outcomes. Working groups are in place to develop work plans that specify the work to be done on a yearly basis. This Strategic Plan reflects the European Frog-bit Collaborative derived and validated EFB AMF through its first year of implementation from February 2020 to March 2021.
... It is imperative that treatment of invasive aquatic plants is paired with a scientifically sound monitoring program that is designed to assess the management objectives. The EFB Collaborative developed a standard tool to evaluate EFB status and progress towards management objectives, and track baseline data on EFB phenology, habitat associations, and occurrence at managed sites (Cahill and Monfils 2020). A data management system to enter, store, and manage pre-and post-treatment monitoring data is available via the MISIN Treatment Tracker application. ...
... Pairing a management plan with a monitoring program, inclusive of pre-and post-treatment assessments in treated and reference areas, is crucial for determining the efficacy of any management action. A standard protocol and data management system for pre-and post-treatment monitoring have been developed and implemented in Michigan to evaluate EFB control efforts (Cahill and Monfils 2020;Monfils et al. 2021). ...
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (European frog-bit, hereafter EFB) is a free-floating aquatic plant native to Europe and Asia and invasive in the United States, Canada, and India (Cook and Lüönd 1982; Catling et al. 2003; Ganie et al. 2016). It was first detected outside of cultivation in Canada in 1939, was documented in the United States in 1974, and by 1996 was found in southeast Michigan (Minshall 1940; Roberts et al. 1981; Reznicek et al. 2011). European frog-bit has the potential to negatively impact the quality and use of wetlands and is considered a high-risk invasive species by the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (Weibert 2015). This document was initially a product of an Environmental Protection Agency – Clean Water Act Section 205(j) grant between the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and Central Michigan University (CMU) in 2014 (Hackett et al. 2014). It was significantly revised in 2018 as part of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Grant Agreement F16AP01019 between the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and DEQ (Cahill et al. 2018). In 2021, it was updated for the purposes of consolidating current science-based knowledge relative to the biology and ecology of EFB, summarizing scientific literature and research efforts that inform management options for EFB in Michigan, and identifying future directions for research relative to successful EFB management in Michigan. This document references peer-reviewed journals and publications. Any chemical, company, or organization that is mentioned was included for its involvement in peer-reviewed, published, publicly shared information, not to imply endorsement of the chemical, company, or organization.
This report provides the grant deliverables and fulfills the reporting requirements of Central Michigan University (CMU) and Michigan State University - Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MSU-MNFI) for Project # 2019-EFB1 European Frog-bit: Enhancing Control and Assessing Impacts and Management. This project was a collaboration among Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy - Water Resources Division (EGLE WRD); Lake Superior State University (LSSU), CMU, and MSU-MNFI with a set of shared deliverables related to management of invasive European frog-bit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.; EFB). The project had two goals: 1) Implement a Standard Treatment Impact Monitoring Protocol (STIMP; Cahill & Monfils 2020) for region-wide assessment of EFB management, and 2) Assess the potential impacts of EFB on measures of ecosystem functioning and biotic communities. Research findings and information gains were shared with the European Frog-bit Collaborative and incorporated into the European Frog-bit Adaptive Management Framework (EFB AMF).
