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![Estructura factorial de las medidas de la atención. La mayoría de las tareas que realizan los pacientes en su vida cotidiana puede describirse en términos de dos componentes: velocidad y control. Éstas se reflejan a su vez en dos características de las tareas: presión del tiempo y estructura. En términos atencionales, la presión del tiempo requiere velocidad y la estructura de la tarea determina el nivel de control. Si la tarea es muy estructurada, la cantidad de control necesario es mínima y la velocidad de procesamiento es el factor principal, estando la ejecución del sujeto prácticamente dirigida por la estimulación (Stimulus-driven). Por el contrario, el control es máximo en tareas con escasa organización que no pueden ser resueltas con respuestas rutinarias. En ellas es necesaria la participación del control de la interferencia, la flexibilidad cognitiva y la memoria operativa [46].](profile/Marcos-Rios-Lago/publication/242167060/figure/fig1/AS:341499280674816@1458431181409/Estructura-factorial-de-las-medidas-de-la-atencion-La-mayoria-de-las-tareas-que-realizan.png)
Estructura factorial de las medidas de la atención. La mayoría de las tareas que realizan los pacientes en su vida cotidiana puede describirse en términos de dos componentes: velocidad y control. Éstas se reflejan a su vez en dos características de las tareas: presión del tiempo y estructura. En términos atencionales, la presión del tiempo requiere velocidad y la estructura de la tarea determina el nivel de control. Si la tarea es muy estructurada, la cantidad de control necesario es mínima y la velocidad de procesamiento es el factor principal, estando la ejecución del sujeto prácticamente dirigida por la estimulación (Stimulus-driven). Por el contrario, el control es máximo en tareas con escasa organización que no pueden ser resueltas con respuestas rutinarias. En ellas es necesaria la participación del control de la interferencia, la flexibilidad cognitiva y la memoria operativa [46].
Source publication
Objetives: The present work studies the possible ties among white matter, slowness of information processing and the deficits on attentional control, frequently impaired after TBI. Method: Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were measured in 15 TBI patients and 15 healthy controls. All sub- jects were also assessed using the Stroop Test and the Trail...
Citations
... RíosLago et al [63] estudiaron la relación entre la sustancia blanca cerebral, la lentitud en el proce samiento de información y ésta con las alteraciones del control atencional. Se obtuvieron DTI en 15 pa cientes con TCE y 15 controles. ...
After being largely neglected as a contributor to the organisation of the cognitive operations for many years, the white matter of the brain is now again the object of much research. These advances are complemented with the latest neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, which make it possible to obtain a more detailed view of the role played by the pathways of the white matter in the cognitive operations.
The study reviews the relation between lesions in the white matter and different cognitive processes and functions such as language, attention, visuospatial and visual-constructional skills, spatial negligence, processing speed, memory and executive functions.
Focusing attention on the white matter and its disorders promises to further our knowledge of the brain as an extraordinarily complex organ in which the connectivity and processing speed provided by the white matter are key features in cognition, emotion and consciousness itself. The white matter does not appear to be the deposit for cognitive processes and functions, but rather its role would seem to be linked to two properties that are essential for a highly complex system like the brain to be effective: speed and connectivity. Further studies must be conducted to delve deeper into these processes and perhaps begin to clarify the different roles they play in the outcome of cognitive processes.
Colombia lacks studies on the neuropsychological characteristics of people who suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI), despite this being a public health problem and the leading cause of disability and death. Previous studies have shown that TBI generates further cognitive impairment in attention and memory, which, in turn, affect the daily lives of patients. The aim of this study was to describe the cognitive functions that may be affected as a result of TBI. A total of 30 patients, mean age 34 years and a history of TBI of at least 6 months duration participated in the study; 9 of them had mild head injury; 10 had a moderate condition and 11 had severe TBI; their average schooling was 9 years and they had no history of previous neurological and / or psychiatric problems. The brief neuropsychological assessment in Spanish (NEUROPSI) was carried out, along with the application of the Trail Making Test A and B (TMTA-TMTB), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Figura Compleja de Rey, the Test de Aprendizaje Audioverbal de Rey and the Stroop Test. Results showed below average scores in all tests and in the three groups of TBI, detecting a decrease in the processes of evocation of verbal and visual memory, attention, language and executive functions. In conclusion, TBI affects most cognitive functions, differentially altering them and in some cases without this being related to the severity of TBI. These findings are important due to their implications for the rehabilitation process offered to these patients which should not be limited to the physical condition.
Objetive: comparative analysis between control group and patients with TBI to determine whether there neuropsychological differences at 6 months of evolution, to guide timely intervention commensurate with the needs of this population. Materials and methods: a total of 79 patients with a history of TBI with a minimum of 6 months of evolution and 79 control subjects were evaluated. Both groups with a mean age of 34 and without previous neurological or psychiatric disorders and an average schooling of 11 years for the control group and 9 years for the TBI group. The Glasgow Coma Scale in the TBI group was classified as moderate with 11 points. The Brief Neuropsychological Evaluation in Spanish Neuropsi was applied to both groups. Results: significant differences (p≤0.05) in the tasks of orientation, attention, memory, language, reading and writing were found. Conclusions: TBI generates significant neuropsychological changes, even six months after discharge from the health service. It suggests that patients with head injury require treatment after overcoming the initial stage.
