Table 13 - uploaded by David Dazhia Lazarus
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Estimated marginal means for rounds, sex, age and FMD serotypes based on the mixed effect linear model that included random effects for dip tank and herd
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Citations
... FMD is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belonging to the genus Aphthovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Seven serotypes have been distinguished: O, A, C, Asia 1, South African Territories (SAT) 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3 [2]. FMD is one of the most economically important livestock diseases [3]. ...
Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes huge economic losses in Egypt due to reductions in the production of red meat, milk, and milk by-products and can also lead to myocarditis in young animals. The aim of our study was to evaluate cardiac biomarkers, in particular cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and to reveal the relations of cardiac biomarkers with poor survival in FMD-infected Egyptian buffalo calves.
Materials and Methods: Forty-two Egyptian buffalo calves were included in this study. The calves were divided into 12 apparently healthy control calves and 30 calves clinically diagnosed with FMD during a disease outbreak in Menofia and Behera Governorates, Egypt. The diseased calves were divided, according to age, into 13 calves
... There are seven immunologically distinct serotypes of FMDV (O, A, C, Asia 1, and Southern African Territories 1, 2, and 3), with a broad spectrum of antigenically and epidemiologically distinct subtypes within each serotype. The great diversity is considered a consequence of the high mutation rate, quasi-species dynamics, and recombination [3][4][5][6]. Many immunologically related subtypes between FMDV serotypes such as A5, A4, A24, C1, and O1 have been reported, totaling more than 60 type-subtype known combinations [7]. ...
Background and aims:
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is reported in Iraq since 1937 and occurs as a devastating seasonal epidemic. This study intended to explore the epidemiology of FMD in Iraq during 2011-2016, through assessment of outbreak reports among cow, buffalo, and small ruminants (sheep and goat) in 15 Iraqi governorates except for Kurdistan region.
Materials and methods:
The reported data regarding FMD cases were collected from veterinary hospitals in 15 Iraqi governorates and were analyzed.
Results:
The results revealed annual FMD outbreaks in cow, buffalo, and small ruminants in Iraqi governorates with variability in the numbers of the infected and dead animals. The total number of infected animals increased in 2016 compared to 2015 due to the illegal importation of FMD-infected cows at the end of 2015. The prevalence rates of FMD were 68.7%, 46.6%, and 30.3% in cattle, buffalo, and small ruminants, respectively, in 2016, while this was 18.4%, 19.9%, and 17.3%, respectively, in 2015.
Conclusion:
This study approved the reemergence and endemic nature of FMD in Iraqi livestock. Prompt procedures and a new future strategy need to be implemented to control the increasing incidences of FMD in Iraq.
