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Estimated marginal means and the 95% CI of heart rate under the four conditions (C1: NAIs+500 ppm CO2, C2: 500 ppm CO2, C3: NAIs+2500 ppm CO2, and C4: 2500 ppm CO2).

Estimated marginal means and the 95% CI of heart rate under the four conditions (C1: NAIs+500 ppm CO2, C2: 500 ppm CO2, C3: NAIs+2500 ppm CO2, and C4: 2500 ppm CO2).

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Cognitive performance is essential to foster learning. High CO2 concentrations are common in classrooms and can lead to reduced cognitive performance. Negative air ions (NAIs) can improve cognitive performance. This study explored the effects of indoor NAIs on the cognitive performance and health of college students exposed to a high pure CO2 envir...

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... On the other hand, the effects of negative ions were revitalizing and lowering blood pressure (Herczeg & Erces, 2015). Negative air ions can lessen nasal and skin irritations or dryness, drowsiness, and increased heart rate due to exposure to pure CO 2 , as well as a positive effect on cognitive performance when one is exposed to them for an hour (Guo et al., 2023). Studies have shown that -exposure to negative air ions may benefit our health by changing amino acid metabolism, which mainly manifests as increased enhance biochemical reactions that elevate mood chemicals called serotonin, which is responsible for alleviation of depression and relieving of stress (Nazario & Maan, 2002 May 6). ...
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A graphene oxide aerogel (GOA) can be used as a visible-light photocatalyst and CO 2 adsorbent. N-doping increased the defect density and carrier separation ability, while S-doping improved the CO 2 adsorption capacity.