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Even if initial immunologic screen is normal, a high index of suspicion for immunodeficiency should guide the evaluation and management of patients with recurrent episodes of mucocutaneous candidiasis. Although rare, a diagnosis of chronic mucocutaneous disease should always be considered in order to improve their outcome.
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Citations
... Fungal esophagitis may develop due to achalasia, esophageal cancer, or progressive systemic sclerosis, impairing the esophagus's normal motility. As a result of the creation of small blisters, which burst with time, distinct superficial ulcers may appear on the mucosa in cases of HPV-induced esophagitis [28]. The host helps the ulcers heal in those with strong immune systems. ...
... Recently, it has been confirmed that genetic defects of Th17 or its related cytokines can promote the occurrence and development of cutaneous mucosal C. albicans infections such as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) (35). CMC often appears in patients with profound primary T-cell immunodeficiency. ...
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) are one of the most common gynecological infections, primarily caused by Candida species. Although risk factors of RVVC and VVC have been identified in many studies, antifungal immunological mechanisms are still not fully understood. We performed a 1-year prospective study in a local hospital to monitor 98 patients clinically diagnosed with gynecological Candida infection. The results showed that 20.41% (20/98) are with RVVC, and 79.59% (78/98) patients have VVC. C. albicans accounts for 90% and 96.1% of all strains isolated collected from RVVC and VVC patients, respectively. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed no significant difference in Candida species between RVVC and VVC patients. However, the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17F in the RVVC group were significantly lower than those of the VVC group, while IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were higher in the RVVC patients than VVC patients. IL-17A and IL-2 levels were comparable between the two groups. Taken together, our results suggest that the host-immune responses, especially Th1/2 immunity, may play important roles in prognosis of RVVC and VVC.
... Kronik mukokutanöz kandidiyaz (CMC), genellikle yeterli tedaviye rağmen uzun süreli ve kalıcı bir seyir gösteren cilt, mukoza, saç ve tırnaklardaki Candida spp.'ne bağlı enfeksiyonu tanımlar. Yüzeysel kandida enfeksiyonları kronik olarak tekrarlandığında kronik mukokutanöz kandidiyaz olarak adlandırılır [36]. ...
... The perturbation of this aspect can lead to overgrowths of Candida which may be damaging to the host. [3,18,19] Herein, we corroborate it with a patient who has a mutation in STAT1. It is well known that STAT1 is involved in tumor genesis and tumor suppression with reports of reduced levels in transformed cancer cells and poorer outcomes if it is absent. ...
Abstract
Purpose: The present article describes retrospectively a case of a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) who presented recurrent Candida albicans infection since he was 6 months old. We obtained 16 isolates recovered during a 4-year period. Our purpose was to determinate the susceptibility, genotyping, and the pathogenicity profile in all the isolates. Methods: Sixteen C. albicans were isolated from a 25-year-old male with several recurrent fungal infections admitted to Hospital. The isolates were recovered during 4 years from a different anatomical origin. We typified them by multilocus sequence typing, also we evaluated susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B by microdilution method and we also test the pathogenic capacity in the Galleria mellonella model. Results: Genotyping of all clinical isolates showed the persistence of the same diploid sequence type (DST). Isolates changed their susceptibility profile over time, but there were no significant statistical differences in pathogenicity. Conclusion: Herein, a persistent clonal isolates of C. albicans (DST 918) in a patient with CMC, showed changes in its susceptibility profile after several antifungal treatments acquiring gradual resistance to the azole drugs, which did not affect their pathogenicity.
