Fig 5 - uploaded by Susumu Takamatsu
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Erysiphe blasti on Lindera umbellata (TSU-MUMH 4568). A: Chasmothecia. B: Appendage. CeE: Asci and ascospores. Bars: 50 mm.
Source publication
Two new species, Erysiphe azerbaijanica on Castanea sativa and E. linderae on Lindera praecox, both belonging to the Microsphaera lineage of the genus Erysiphe are described based on morphological and molecular data. Erysiphe azerbaijanica is distinguished from other Erysiphe species occurring on Castanea spp. by its cylindrical conidia with a leng...
Citations
... Notes: A single sequence obtained from a Chinese collection (FH00965521) in the present study groups in sister position to the Erysiphe linderae clade. The latter species was recently described by Abasova et al. (2018a) based on Japanese collections on Lindera praecox; this had previously been assigned to E. blasti (see notes under E. blasti and E. linderae). In our own analyses, E. benzoin, E. blasti, and E. linderae have been confirmed as closely allied but distinct species. ...
... Notes: Previously, collections on L. praecox were assigned to Erysiphe (Microsphaera) blasti (Braun 1987;Braun and Cook 2012), but Takamatsu et al. (2015a) and Abasova et al. (2018a) demonstrated that sequences retrieved from E. blasti on Lindera umbellata and L. praecox form distinct clades, and they introduced the name E. linderae for collections on the latter host. They reexamined type material of M. blasti and found that its morphology coincides with collections on Lindera umbellata. ...
... str.) for the powdery mildew on the latter host. Nevertheless, we are still in need of sequences from E. blasti on Lindera megaphylla in China to confirm the taxonomic treatment applied by Abasova et al. (2018a). Host range and distribution: On species of Lonicera subgen. ...
In this contribution, we offer the fifth installment of a series focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This paper is the second segment evaluating the genus Erysiphe. The first treatment of Erysiphe focused on phylogenetically basal species in the "Uncinula lineage." This research presents a phylogenetic-taxonomic assessment of species that form the group previously referred to as the "Microsphaera lineage." Given the size of the group, we split the treatment of this lineage of Erysiphe species into two parts based on their phylogenetic placement. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS+28S data are supplemented by sequences of additional markers (CAM, GADPH, GS, RPB2, and TUB). Included in the analysis of the Microsphaera lineage is the "Erysiphe aquilegiae complex" (group, clade, cluster), which encompasses sequences obtained from an assemblage of Erysiphe species with insufficient resolution in rDNA analyses. Attempts have been made to resolve this group at the species level by applying a multilocus approach. A detailed discussion of the "Erysiphe aquilegiae complex" is provided. Sequences are provided for the first time for several species, particularly North American species, such as Erysiphe aggregata, E. erineophila, E. parnassiae, and E. semitosta. Ex-type sequences for Microsphaera benzoin and M. magnusii have been retrieved. Alphitomorpha penicillata, Microsphaera vanbruntiana, and M. symphoricarpi are epitypified with ex-epitype sequences. The new species Erysiphe alnicola, E. deutziana, E. cornigena, E. lentaginis, and E. sambucina are described, the new combinations E. laur-acearum, E. passiflorae, and E. sambucicola are introduced, and the new name E. santali is proposed. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Microsphaera as well, and the molecular evidence has paved the way for species identification to a great extent. Taking advantage of ITS-and 28S-rDNA sequences, some new species have been introduced (Abasova et al. 2018, Bradshaw et al. 2021b, several varieties upgraded to species level (Bradshaw et al. 2021a), and some previously described species combined as a single species (Liu et al. 2022). However, as mentioned by Liu et al. (2022), sequence data of ITS-rDNA and LSU are not sufficiently discriminating in some cases, such as Erysiphe spp. on Berberidaceae, and there is an urgent demand for sequencing protein-coding genes to resolve this issue. ...
... Braun and Cook (2012) et al., 2006;Scholler, Schmidt, Siahaan, Takamatsu, & Braun, 2016;Meeboon, Siahaan, Fujioka, & Takamatsu, 2017;Abasova et al., 2018;Siahaan, Sakamoto, Shinoda, & Takamatsu, 2018;Meeboon, Takamatsu, & Braun, 2020). This is especially conspicuous in the Uncinula-lineage of Erysiphe to which the Fraxinus powdery mildews belong. ...
The genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae), known as ash trees, currently comprises 43 recognized species that are distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere. Two Erysiphe (sect. Uncinula) species have been known on Fraxinus spp. so far. In this study, Fraxinus powdery mildews from different areas of the world were collected to make molecular and morphological analyses. These specimens are divided into three distinct molecular phylogenetic groups, which are distinguishable by their morphology and/or host preference. The powdery mildew occurring on F. apertisquamifera and F. lanuginosa is described as a new species, E. fraxinea. Epitypes are designated for E. fraxinicola and E. salmonii. Applying previous traditional species delimitations, various hosts were shared by E. fraxinicola as well as E. salmonii, but the current analyses strongly suggest strict host specificity among these three powdery mildew species. Evolutionary timing calculated by molecular clock analysis suggests co-evolution of powdery mildews with their Fraxinus hosts.
... chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were conducted according to the procedures described in Meeboon and Takamatsu (2015) except for the primers used. Cystotheceae-specific primer sets, viz., ITS5 (Gardes and Bruns 1993)/PM6cy1 (this study) (5′-CRC CCR CYC TGT CGC GAG A-3′) and PM9 ( Abasova et al. 2018)/TW14 ( Mori et al. 2000), were used to amplify the 5′ half of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (fragment 1) and the 3′ half of ITS and 5′ end of the 28S rDNA gene (including domains D1 and D2) (fragment 2), respectively. KOD FX Neo DNA polymerase (Toyobo, Japan) was used in the PCR reaction according to the manufacturer's protocol. ...
Podosphaera tridactyla (s. lat.) is a powdery mildew species occurring on a wide range of Prunus spp. almost worldwide. We have investigated the phylogeny of the Po. tridactyla complex, with special emphasis on potential aspects of cryptic speciation. The results suggested that Po. tridactyla represents a species complex consisting of at least 12 different species. Based on detailed morphological examinations and molecular sequence analyses, we propose dividing Po. tridactyla s. lat. into 10 species, encompassing 7 new species (Po. ampla, Po. pruni-avium, Po. pruni-cerasoidis, Po. prunigena, Po. pruni-lusitanicae, Po. prunina, and Po. pruni-japonicae) and 3 known species (Po. longiseta, Po. salatai, and Po. tridactyla s. str.). Oidium passerinii on Pr. laurocerasus is confirmed as a synonym of Po. tridactyla s. str. Epitypes are designated for Po. tridactyla and Oidium passerinii.
... For the powdery mildew on Pr. serotina (GLM-F104938), primers ITS5 (Gardes and Bruns 1993)/PM6 (Takamatsu and Kano 2001) and PM9 (Abasova et al. 2018)/TW14 (Mori et al. 2000) were used to amplify the 5′ half of ITS region (fragment 1) and the 3′ half of ITS and 5′ end of the 28S rDNA gene (including domains D1 and D2) (fragment 2), respectively. KOD FX Neo DNA polymerase (Toyobo, Japan) was used in the PCR reaction according to the manufacturer's protocol. ...
... KOD FX Neo DNA polymerase (Toyobo, Japan) was used in the PCR reaction according to the manufacturer's protocol. The amplicons of 28s and ITS region were sequenced by SolGent (Daejeon, South Korea) using primers PM6 (Takamatsu and Kano 2001), PM9 (Abasova et al. 2018), and TW14 (Mori et al. 2000). ...
Powdery mildew of Prunus spp. is a significant disease in most cherry growing regions of Washington, USA. Powdery mildews on Prunus virginiana and Pr. avium were previously assigned to Podosphaera clandestina s. lat. (= Po. oxyacanthae) or Po. prunicola. In this report, we confirm the presence of two distinct Podosphaera species on these hosts. Phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and 28S subunit confirmed the presence of two distinct species. A morphological comparison with type material of Po. prunicola and additional collections demonstrated that the powdery mildew on Pr. virginiana (including var. demissa and var. melanocarpa) is in fact Po. prunicola. The powdery mildew on Pr. avium is genetically, morphologically, and biologically distinct from Po. prunicola and is described here as the new species Po. cerasi. Cross-inoculation experiments confirmed that these two species are host specific. Podosphaera prunicola was unable to colonize Pr. avium, whereas Po. cerasi was unable to colonize Pr. virginiana. Morphological reexamination of numerous specimens identified as Po. prunicola on a broad range of Prunus species suggests that Po. prunicola is probably confined to species in Prunus subgen.Padus (= Prunus subgen. Cerasus sect. Laurocerasus, including sect. Padus), with Pr. virginiana as the principal host. Podosphaera cerasi occurs on hosts in Prunus subgen. Cerasus, and our work confirms a newly described species of powdery mildew on Pr. avium. This work also includes the first documented and genetically proven European record of Po. prunicola on Pr. serotina and its widespread occurrence in the United States.
Bioaerosols are potential sources of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause devastating outbreaks of global crop diseases. Various microorganisms, insects and viroids are known to cause severe crop diseases impeding global agro-economy. Such losses threaten global food security, as it is estimated that almost 821 million people are underfed due to global crisis in food production. It is estimated that global population would reach 10 billion by 2050. Hence, it is imperative to substantially increase global food production to about 60% more than the existing levels. To meet the increasing demand, it is essential to control crop diseases and increase yield. Better understanding of the dispersive nature of bioaerosols, seasonal variations, regional diversity and load would enable in formulating improved strategies to control disease severity, onset and spread. Further, insights on regional and global bioaerosol composition and dissemination would help in predicting and preventing endemic and epidemic outbreaks of crop diseases. Advanced knowledge of the factors influencing disease onset and progress, mechanism of pathogen attachment and penetration, dispersal of pathogens, life cycle and the mode of infection, aid the development and implementation of species-specific and region-specific preventive strategies to control crop diseases. Intriguingly, development of R gene-mediated resistant varieties has shown promising results in controlling crop diseases. Forthcoming studies on the development of an appropriately stacked R gene with a wide range of resistance to crop diseases would enable proper management and yield. The article reviews various aspects of pathogenic bioaerosols, pathogen invasion and infestation, crop diseases and yield.
Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have been conducted on powdery mildew specimens on different Berberis and Mahonia spp. from Asia, Europe and North America. The present study showed that collections of Erysiphe berberidis exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity of the sexual morph, in contrast to their morphologically, rather uniform, asexual morph. In phylogenetic tree, all sequences cluster in a large strongly supported clade, without any indication and support for further differentiation into cryptic species. There are three morphological types within E. berberidis s. lat. that contain consistent differences. Until future multi-locus analyses will be available, we prefer to treat these 'morphological types' as varieties. These include Erysiphe berberidis var. berberidis, E. berberidis var. asiatica, and E. berberidis var. dimorpha comb. nov. (≡ Microsphaera berberidis var. dimorpha, M. berberidicola, and M. multappendicis). To fix the application of species name E. berberidis, an appropriate epitype was designated, with an ITS sequences.
Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have been conducted on powdery mildew specimens on different Berberis and Mahonia spp. from Asia, Europe and North America. The present study showed that collections of Erysiphe berberidis exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity of the sexual morph, in contrast to their morphologically, rather uniform, asexual morph. In phylogenetic tree, all sequences cluster in a large strongly supported clade, without any indication and support for further differentiation into cryptic species. There are three morphological types within E. berberidis s. lat. that contain consistent differences. Until future multi-locus analyses will be available, we prefer to treat these ‘morphological types’ as varieties. These include Erysiphe berberidis var. berberidis, E. berberidis var. asiatica, and E. berberidis var. dimorpha comb. nov. (≡ Microsphaera berberidis var. dimorpha, M. berberidicola, and M. multappendicis). To fix the application of species name E. berberidis, an appropriate epitype was designated, with an ITS sequences.
American and European chestnut forests have been heavily impacted by two epidemics, caused by pathogens originating in Asia that coevolved with Chinese and Japanese chestnut. In the USA and Europe, these pathogens encountered a favorable environment, very susceptible naïve hosts, and few natural enemies. Chestnut ink disease, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. × cambivora, which have spread throughout the range of American and European chestnut trees, is one of the earliest known pandemics of forest trees. The second pandemic was chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, which also spread around the world. The main control methods for these diseases are based on sources of resistance (Asian chestnut trees) and hyperparasites (mycoviruses also originating in Asia). However, American and European chestnut trees are not safe from new threats linked to global change (introduction of new pathogens, climate change, etc.).
Pseudoidium kalanchoes , retrieved from powdery mildew on Kalanchoe spp. in Asia, has been re-examined and reassessed based on phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and 28S rDNA regions. The results confirmed that sequences retrieved from Asian Kalanchoe powdery mildew have 100% congruence with sequences obtained from Erysiphe sedi on Sedum spp. A German collection of P. kalanchoes on Kalanchoe blossfeldiana was morphologically and genetically examined and analyzed and is designated as neotype with an ex-neotype reference sequence. Morphologically, the asexual morph on Kalanchoe spp. agrees with the asexual morph of E. sedi . Consequently, P. kalanchoes is reduced to synonymy with E. sedi .
