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Erwinia carotovora-potato cell interaction. (A) Tissue maceration and cell collapse caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 8982 inoculated at 10 8 cfu/mL. (B) A potato tuber slice treated with concentrated filtrate of a 4-day-old culture of Bacillus subtilis BS 107 prior to inoculation. Arrows indicate the cell wall remnants, neighbouring cells, and groups of starch grains. Magnification, 400×.
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Antimicrobial substances were produced by Bacillus subtilis BS 107 in a defined medium and isolated from culture filtrate by precipitation at pH 2.5. Active fractions were extracted in ethyl acetate, acetone, and 80% ethanol and purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates developed with an ethanol-water mixture (2:1, v/v). In e...
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Citations
... Banerjee et al. (2017) proved that B. cereus IB311 has good bio-controlling activity because it is safe, cost effective, and has a positive impact on the agricultural field. Sharga and Lyon (1998) reported that Bacillus subtilis Bs 107 had complete activity in vivo against E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. carotovora subsp. ...
Biological control has received increasing interest in recent decades as one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides in the field of plant disease control, especially after the increased awareness of the dangers of pesticides to the environment in general and human health in particular, and the emergence of resistance to pesticides in some causes. Biological control is defined as any conditions or procedures in which a particular organism or substances produced from a living organism are used to reduce infection with a particular pathogen. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are able to stimulate growth and resistance against plant diseases when they are able to have a positive effect on the plant health, and then demonstrate good competitive qualities and capabilities over existing rhizosphere communities. PGPR affects plant growth improvement by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, siderophore production dissolving insoluble phosphates, and releasing hormones. In this review, we tried to focus on the potential effects of PGPR as an effective and safe technique for plant disease resistance. PGPR play a major role in plant disease resistance through induced systemic resistance (ISR), antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide, Lytic enzyme, degradation of toxins, competition for nutrients, and parasitism.
... In a recent study on relationships between endophytes and medicinal plants, it was reported that the common bacterial orders associated with these plants were Bacillales, Enterobacterales, and Pseudomonadales, which accounted for 72.6% of the total isolates [75]. Many species of these genera are of industrial relevance because they produce antibiotics and peptides with anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-tumor activities [76,77]. According to Beiranvand et al. [78], endophytic B. thuringiensis isolated from Iranian medicinal plants produces a broad range of antimicrobial compounds. ...
There is an increasing interest in the use of beneficial microorganisms as alternatives
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without causing any diseases. Diverse endophytic bacteria possess the ability to synthesize a wide
range of secondary metabolites with unique chemical structures that have been exploited for their antimicrobial,
antiviral, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, production of these
bioactive compounds can also benefit the host plant as they may play a significant role in a plant’s
interaction with the environment for adaptation and defense. As a result of their significant impact
as curative compounds or as precursors to produce new drugs, the biotechnological possibilities of
secondary metabolites derived from endophytic bacteria are immense.
... In a recent study on relationships between endophytes and medicinal plants, it was reported that the common bacterial orders associated with these plants were Bacillales, Enterobacterales, and Pseudomonadales, which accounted for 72.6% of the total isolates [75]. Many species of these genera are of industrial relevance because they produce antibiotics and peptides with anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-tumor activities [76,77]. According to Beiranvand et al. [78], endophytic B. thuringiensis isolated from Iranian medicinal plants produces a broad range of antimicrobial compounds. ...
... Alternatively, in strain F9, these three lipopeptides may harbor some modifications that are not found in standard samples and may have an important impact on the antagonistic activity of Xcc jx-6. The antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides is generally described as antibacterial activity against fungal phytopathogens, with a few reports addressing their effects on bacteria [9,17,[33][34][35][36]. Improvement of the disease prevention effect of strain F9 in vivo and the genetic regulation basis of strain F9 secreting lipopeptides are worthy of further study. ...
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a quarantine disease that seriously affects citrus production worldwide. The use of microorganisms and their products for biological control has been proven to be effective in controlling Xanthomonas disease. In this study, a novel Xcc antagonistic strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F9 by morphological and molecular analysis. The lipopeptide extract of B. amyloliquefaciens F9 (F9LE) effectively inhibited the growth of Xcc in an agar diffusion assay and restrained the occurrence of canker lesions in a pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions. Consistent with these findings, F9LE treatment significantly inhibited the production of extracellular enzymes in Xcc cells and induced cell wall damage, with leakage of bacterial contents revealed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. In addition, F9LE also showed strong antagonistic activity against a wide spectrum of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, the main antimicrobial compounds of strain F9 were identified as three kinds of lipopeptides, including homologues of surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. Taken together, our results show that B. amyloliquefaciens F9 and its lipopeptide components have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents against Xcc, and other plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
... Genome analysis of these Pseudomonas strains revealed a potential production of the antibacterial cytostatic metabolite paerucumarin, as well as siderophore operons. The species Bacillus subtilis has also been shown to be an effective biocontrol: Sharga and Lyon [161] showed that B. subtilis provided in vitro protection of potato tubers against P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum. Following this, several studies have indicated the protective effect of B. subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against SRP, on Chinese cabbage, lettuce and carrots [62,162,163]. ...
Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) is considered as one of the most virulent species among the Pectobacteriaceae. This species has a broad host range within horticulture crops and is well distributed elsewhere. It has been found to be pathogenic not only in the field causing blackleg and soft rot of potato, but it is also transmitted via storage causing soft rot of other vegetables. Genomic analysis and other cost-effective molecular detection methods such as a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the Pbr. The lack of fast, field deployable point-of-care testing (POCT) methods, specific control strategies and current limited genomic knowledge make management of this species difficult. Thus far, no comprehensive review exists about Pbr, however there is an intense need to research the biology, detection, pathogenicity and management of Pbr, not only because of its fast distribution across Europe and other countries but also due to its increased survival to various climatic conditions. This review outlines the information available in peer-reviewed literature regarding host range, detection methods, genomics, geographical distribution, nomenclature and taxonomical evolution along with some of the possible management and control strategies. In summary, the conclusions and a further directions highlight the management of this species.
... strains, such as iron competition, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) antibiotic synthesis via pyoverdine and pseudobactin production and their related receptors, were found to be the means of protection [72,73] against Pectobacterium spp. Bacillus subtilis strains were tested for the control of potato diseases caused by Pectobacterium spp., and results revealed reduced maceration symptoms in planta [74]. A bacteriocin-like substance produced by Bacillus licheniformis P40 was bactericidal to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. ...
Potato is an important food crop in the world as well as in India. It is being affected by different pathogens, viz. fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. These pathogens may cause significant yield losses of the crop, if proper protection measures have not been applied. Among potato pathogens, Phytophthora infestans, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp. are the major pathogens in the fungal group, whereas Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium spp. and Streptomyces spp. are in the bacterial group. For management of these pathogens, various methods, that is, chemical control, biological control, resistant varieties, cultural control and physical control, are applied. Resistant varieties are the best and cheapest method for managing the diseases. However resistant varieties are break down their resistant over the years and moreover against some pathogen absolute resistant are not available. Chemical management is the second best option for managing the diseases, due to continuous and irrational use of the chemicals; pathogens have developed resistance against certain class of fungicides/bactericides. Moreover, these chemicals also assist in environmental pollution and toxicity in the produce. Bio-agents are naturally occurring living organisms, which are found in rhizosphere, phylloplane, etc. These bio-agents help in not only managing the diseases but also increasing the crop yield. Therefore, the use of bio-agents for biological management of potato crops is the focused research area worldwide.
... They are also effective against a number of pre-harvest and post harvest pathogens of several different crops. (Rodger, 1989, Sharga andLyon 1998). ...
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra and Karnataka state which is suitable for export purposes. However, in India powdery mildew and downy mildew are causes heavy losses for yield and its quality. Hence, a filed bio-efficacy investigations were carried out by spraying and drenching of Milastin-K (Bacillus subtilis KTSB 1015 1.5% A.S.) @ 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/L alone and along with chemical fungicides viz. Dimethomorph 50% WP, Hexaconazole 5% SC and Chitosan. Results obtained indicated that Milastin-K alone @ 1.0 and 2.0 ml/L gave about 77.40% on leaves and 80.0% on bunches downy mildew reduction along with 16.43% to 23.78% increase in yield at Walwa location. Similarly, Milastin-K @ 2.0 ml/L spraying recorded 90.11% powdery mildew disease control on leaves and 70.99% control over bunches along with 87.12% increase in yield over control treatment. Similarly, there was no any abnormability and phytotoxic effect observed by spraying Milastin-K upto 2.0 ml/L. Hence. Milastin-K a promising bio-fungicide fits well in integrated disease management of grapes and may be useful for export grape cultivation.
... The microorganisms in the T3 acted as antagonists for these pathogens. This can be compared with studies where the bacilli are used as antagonists against microorganisms' precursors of diseases as shown by Sharga and Lyon (1998), when using B. subtilis to inhibit Pectobacterium carotovorum growth that causes soft rot in potatoes. Ezziyyani et al. (2004) used Trichoderma harzianum as biocontrol against Phytophthora capsici causing the "sadness" in green pepper cultivation, obtaining results of up to 65 % inhibition in pots and 80 % at greenhouse. ...
... Reinoso et al. (2006) indicated that bacteria of the Bacillus genus are part of a group with an important inhibitory effect on the growth of P. carotovorum, which is the causal agent of soft potato rot. Sharga and Lyon (1998) obtained similar results for the inhibition of this pathogen with Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, it is important that these microorganisms are present in the rhizosphere. ...
As an alternative to the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers, farmers use microorganisms that promote growth in plants, to increase roots growth, strengthen natural mechanisms that react to diseases and insects and increase production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of agricultural plaster combined with Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum as plant growth promoter. Its soil application will allow selecting the most productive combination, with higher quality and crop yield. The design was completely random, with three treatments applied to potatoes cultivation (Solanum tuberosum L.) in shaded house conditions and drip irrigation. The treatments were: control (T1), T. harzianum combined with 40 kg ha-1 calcium (T2), B. cereus, B. subtilis, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum combined with 40 kg ha-1 calcium (T3); the source of calcium in T2 and T3 was agricultural gypsum. The evaluated variables were plant height, chlorophyll content, numbers and nutritional composition of leaves, weight and volumetric weight of the tuber. The viability of the microorganisms in the rhizosphere was determined with selective agars for each type of microorganism. There were no statistical differences regard on chlorophyll between treatments; the control significantly exceeded in height compared to the plants from T2 to T4; the number of tubers (51.5 %) and yield (49.4 %) from T3 was significantly higher than T1. At the biocontrol in the tuber for Streptomyces T3 was better (9 %) than T1 (32.14 %). T3 had a higher yield and better standard quality.
... The microorganisms in the T3 acted as antagonists for these pathogens. This can be compared with studies where the bacilli are used as antagonists against microorganisms' precursors of diseases as shown by Sharga and Lyon (1998), when using B. subtilis to inhibit Pectobacterium carotovorum growth that causes soft rot in potatoes. Ezziyyani et al. (2004) used Trichoderma harzianum as biocontrol against Phytophthora capsici causing the "sadness" in green pepper cultivation, obtaining results of up to 65 % inhibition in pots and 80 % at greenhouse. ...
... Reinoso et al. (2006) indicated that bacteria of the Bacillus genus are part of a group with an important inhibitory effect on the growth of P. carotovorum, which is the causal agent of soft potato rot. Sharga and Lyon (1998) obtained similar results for the inhibition of this pathogen with Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, it is important that these microorganisms are present in the rhizosphere. ...
Como alternativa al uso excesivo de fertilizantes sintéticos, los agricultores adoptan el uso de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento en plantas, para potenciar el crecimiento de raíces, fortalecer mecanismos naturales de reacción a enfermedades e insectos y aumentar la producción. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial del yeso agrícola en combinación con Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens y Trichoderma harzianum como promotor de crecimiento vegetal. Su aplicación al suelo permitirá seleccionar la combinación más productiva, con calidad y rendimiento mayores del cultivo. El diseño fue totalmente al azar, con tres tratamientos aplicados al cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en condiciones de casa sombra y riego por goteo. Los tratamientos fueron: testigo (T1), Trichoderma harzianum combinado con 40 kg ha⁻¹ calcio (T2), B. cereus, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens y Trichoderma harzianum combinados con 40 kg ha⁻¹ calcio (T3); la fuente de calcio en T2 y T3 fue yeso agrícola. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de planta, contenido de clorofila, composición nutrimental de hoja y número, peso y peso volumétrico del tubérculo. La viabilidad de los microorganismos en la rizósfera se determinó con agar selectivo para cada tipo de microorganismo. En el clorofila no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos; el testigo superó significativamente en altura a las plantas de T2 a T4; el número de tubérculos (51.5 %) y rendimiento (49.4 %) de T3 fue significativamente mayor que T1. En el biocontrol en tubérculo contra Streptomyces T3 fue mejor (9%) que T1 (32.14 %). T3 tuvo rendimiento mayor y calidad estándar mejor.
... It is able to produce antibiotic compounds such as bacitracin, bacillin, bacillomycin B, difficidin, oxydifficidin, lecithinase, and subtilisin. These compounds cause shrink in cells so that bacterial cells of E. carotovora will lose water and experience plasmolysis [17,18]. In addition, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is also able to inhibit the growth of Erwinia bacteria which causes postharvest tuber rot [19]. ...
Rhizosphere bacteria have the ability to protect the host plants from the infection of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to identify rhizosphere bacteria that were capable of inhibiting the growth of bacterial isolates that cause tuber rot of Amorphophallus muelleri. Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated using Nutrient Agar medium by pour plate method. Isolates were subjected to antagonistic assay against several bacterial isolates from the rotten tuber of A. muelleri using dual culture method. The potential isolate was identified based on 16S rDNA sequence. Isolate R7 showed the strongest inhibition to the growth of bacterial isolates from rotten tuber with an inhibition zone diameter of 19.66 mm. The 16S rDNA sequence of isolate R7 R7 was 99.7% similar to Delftia tsuruhatensis PCL1755. The isolate was potential to be developed as phytopathogen control agent.Keywords: Amorphophallus, antagonistic bacteria, rhizosphere bacteria, rotten tuber, 16S rDNA.
