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Battery model identification is very important for reliable battery management as well as for battery system design process. The common problem in identifying battery models is how to determine the most appropriate mathematical model structure and parameterized coefficients based on the measured terminal voltage and current. This paper proposes a n...
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... we select this model as the basic element of our proposed model. The equivalent circuit model is shown in Figure 1 and consists of three parts: (1) the equivalent ohmic internal resistor R s ; (2) the resistor-capacitor (RC) parallel network C p // R p (where R p is the equivalent polarization resistance and C p is the equivalent polarization capacitance), which is used to simulate transient responses of the battery during charging-discharging transients; and (3) the OCV v oc (h(t)), which is a nonlinear function of SoC h(t). The equivalent circuit model considers the current as the model control input and the terminal voltage as the measured output. ...
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This paper develops a methodology for constructing a representative electric vehicle (EV) urban driving cycle as a basis for studying the differences in estimated energy consumption, taking Xi’an as an example. The test route is designed in accordance with the overall topological structure of the urban roads in the study region and the results of a...
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... Фактически модели электрических цепей (МЭЦ), такие как модели идеальных батарей и модели батарей Тевенин, представляют собой комбинацию источника напряжения, резисторов и конденсаторов, которые имитируют, по аналогии с электричеством, динамическое поведение батареи. Они наиболее часто используются, особенно когда модель батареи интегрирована в системы Микрогрид, и это связано с тем, что они могут поддерживать приемлемую сложность вычислений при обеспечении подходящей точности[111] и литийионные батареи. Моделирование выполнено для модифицированной и улучшенной модели литий-ионного аккумулятора. ...
The scientific qualification work (thesis) consists of an introduction, five chapters
(Chapter 1 - Microgrid, Chapter 2 - Description of the elements of the microgrid and
mathematical modeling of the converted are used in our study, Chapter 3 - Types of
control in this system, Chapter 4 - Voltage source converter controller (VSC), chapter 5
- Simulation and discussion of results, conclusions.
The isolated Microgrid based renewable energy sources can be considered as a suitable
and efficiency economical solution for the remote area where the main grid is not
available. The frequency and power deviation is a serious problem for the microgrid
system because of the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation such as wind
speed and solar radiation. The frequency and power fluctuation must be kept within
small deviations in the object the correct operation of microgrid. This paper is focused
on the study of the microgrid and it’s important in the domain of the power production
and as efficiency solution of the power interruption and to supply the isolated area by
the green and renewable power. The microgrid can be designed according to the
customer's specific needs in southern Algeria; For example, improving local reliability,
reducing feeder losses, maintaining local voltages, improving efficiency, eliminating
voltage dips, or providing uninterruptible power functions.
The scientific qualification work contains 146 pages, 8 tables, 99 figures, 161
information sources.
... The Li-ion battery has gained popularity due to its long-term viability, high working voltage, and low self-discharge rate [64][65][66]. The life of an Li-ion battery is quite long. ...
The energy efficiency of a renewable energy system is inextricably linked to the energy storage technologies used in conjunction with it. The most extensively utilized energy storage technology for all purposes is electrochemical storage batteries, which have grown more popular over time because of their extended life, high working voltage, and low self-discharge rate. However, these batteries cannot withstand the very low temperatures encountered in cold regions, even with these very promising technical characteristics. The cold northern temperatures affect the batteries’ electromotive force and thus decrease their storage capacity. In addition, they affect the conductivity of the electrolyte and the kinetics of electrochemical reactions, thus influencing the capacity and speed of electrons in the electrolyte. In this article, which is intended as a literature review, we first describe the technical characteristics of charge–discharge rate of different electrochemical storage techniques and their variations with temperature. Then, new approaches used to adapt these electrochemical storage techniques to cold climates are presented. We also conduct a comparative study between the different electrochemical storage techniques regarding their performance in the harsh climatic conditions of the Canadian North
... 7 Hence, the simplified method to analysis the Li-ion battery charging and discharging characteristics and identification of Liion battery parameters by the Equivalent circuit model, which describes the internal action of the battery through mathematical expression. [8][9][10][11][12] Li-ion battery cell level and pack level control variables are needed to be maintained accurately for safe operation. 13 These control variables are monitored and protected by the battery management system (BMS). ...
The Li‐ion battery is an energy storage system in consumer and industrial applications. Because of their cell and pack level protection, Li‐ion battery requires a battery management system (BMS). The important function of the BMS is to monitor and protect the Li‐ion battery cells and packs from fault conditions, in order to maximize their lifecycle and increase safety features. In this research article, an analog BMS is presented for the protection of nickel manganese cobalt oxide‐chemistry‐based single‐cell Li‐ion battery. The Analog BMS is a battery protection circuit module that includes battery protection integrated circuit to protect batteries from overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent charging, and overcurrent discharging conditions. In addition, the semiconductor switches are used for charge and discharge protection control. This protection circuit module is designed for 18650 single‐cell Li‐ion battery and test the performance of analog BMS based on protection parameters. A real‐time experiment is carried out on analog BMS interconnected with 18650 single‐cell Li‐ion battery and tested under different charge and discharge rates using standard constant current‐constant voltage (CC‐CV) charging method. The experimental results show that the developed analog BMS protected single‐cell Li‐ion battery from overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent charging, and discharging conditions under different C/5, C/2, and 1C rates.
... At present times, Li-ion batteries have gained profound popularity owing to their long life cycle, high operating voltage, and lower self-discharge rate, etc. [92]. The commercial Li-ion batteries were first introduced in 1990 [93]. ...
... The equivalent circuit model of Li-ion batteries according to [92] is represented in Figure 26. Parameters , , and are temperature and SOC dependent. ...
... Due to the fact that the change in SOC and temperature with respect to time is very small, these parameters are considered time invariant over a short period time, i.e., quasi-stationary. The voltage equations of Li-ion battery can be expressed by Equations (38) and (39) [92]. Here, and are the terminal voltage and current, respectively, whereas, is the voltage across the Resistor Capacitor (RC) network. ...
Driven by global concerns about the climate and the environment, the world is opting for renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar. However, RESs suffer from the discredit of intermittency, for which energy storage systems (ESSs) are gaining popularity worldwide. Surplus energy obtained from RESs can be stored in several ways, and later utilized during periods of intermittencies or shortages. The idea of storing excess energy is not new, and numerous researches have been conducted to adorn this idea with innovations and improvements. This review is a humble attempt to assemble all the available knowledge on ESSs to benefit novice researchers in this field. This paper covers all core concepts of ESSs, including its evolution, elaborate classification, their comparison, the current scenario, applications, business models, environmental impacts, policies, barriers and probable solutions, and future prospects. This elaborate discussion on energy storage systems will act as a reliable reference and a framework for future developments in this field. Any future progress regarding ESSs will find this paper a helpful document wherein all necessary information has been assembled.
... The same equivalent circuit model has been analyzed in several research activities such as in Refs. [25,41]. This circuit consists of three parts: the equivalent ohmic internal resistor Ri; the resistor-capacitor parallel network (R0//C1), where R0 is the equivalent polarization resistance and C1 is the equivalent polarization capacitance that simulates the transient responses of the battery during charging-discharging; and the generator related to the Open Circuit Voltage, which is a nonlinear function of SOC (t). ...
Nowadays, although the lithium-ion batteries have been widely applied in the context of electric vehicles for passengers, lead-acid batteries are still prevalent in motive-power applications, such as electric pallet jacks and laser guided vehicles. The battery cost is the main disadvantage that limits the employment of lithium-ion solutions in such applications. Several strategies for reducing the battery life cycle cost have been discussed in the scientific literature. The opportunity charging is one of them, even though it is suitable only for batteries having high lifecycles and high charging/discharging rates, such as the Lithium Titanium Oxide ones. This paper aims at assessing a feasible solution to reduce the life cycle cost of the energy storage units for laser guided vehicles. A tool has been proposed to analyze the Total Cost of Ownership of batteries, under the adoption of an opportunity charging strategy. Simulations of energy consumption have also been included, to predict the battery cycles and the operation costs. The life cycle analysis has investigated the use of a compacted Lithium Titanium Oxide battery in comparison with a traditional lead-acid battery. The results have shown the feasibility of the Lithium Titanium Oxide solution and its economic advantage in an industrial context.
... In addition to the KF-and least-squares-based methods, other observers and adaptive filters known from control theory as enabling the recursive estimation of model parameters are proposed. In [314] and [315], a linear adaptive filter, in [48] and [266], a sliding mode observer, and, in [316] and [152], an observer based on the Lyapunov-stability criteria, and, in [317], a recursive penalized wavelet estimator are employed. These approaches are comparable to least-squares-based recursive methods and have the same advantages and disadvantages. ...
Lithium-ion battery packs in hybrid and pure electric vehicles are always equipped with a battery management system (BMS). The BMS consists of hardware and software for battery management including, among others, algorithms determining battery states. The continuous determination of battery states during operation is called battery monitoring. In this paper, the methods for monitoring of the battery state of charge, capacity, impedance parameters, available power, state of health, and remaining useful life are reviewed with the focus on elaboration of their strengths and weaknesses for the use in on-line BMS applications. To this end, more than 350 sources including scientific and technical literature are studied and the respective approaches are classified in various groups.
Driven by the escalating environmental impact of synthetic materials, there has been a growing focus on employing eco‐sustainable biomass‐derived biopolymers and native materials as a viable alternative to traditional energy storage applications. Biopolymer‐based energy devices, like batteries, supercapacitors, electrode materials, and ion‐exchange membranes, a novel and eco‐conscious approach, hold great potential for flexible and smart electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, owing to their affordability, environmental sustainability, and biodegradability. This critical review outlines the sources and properties of biopolymers leading to energy storage and emphasizes their utilization in the energy sector. Despite their inherent constraints, biopolymers can be effectively leveraged when combined with other materials in composites. This collaborative approach not only refines their intrinsic physical attributes but also elevates the electrochemical performance of biologically active molecules. In this regard, bionanocomposites, a class of materials combining biopolymers and nanoparticles, have emerged as a promising greener alternative to conventional petroleum‐based polymers. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties have promoted their increased commercialization, thus paving the way for a more sustainable future. The review concludes by identifying and effectively addressing the limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of biopolymers in energy storage applications.
