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Equiseticola fusispora (MFLU 14-0702, holotype) a Appearance of fungus on host surface. b Cross section of ascoma. c Close up of ostiole. d Section of peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f-g Asci. h Ocular chamber. i-o Ascospores. p Germinating ascospore. Scale bars: a = 200 μm, b = 50 μm, c = 20 μm, d, h-p = 5 μm, e = 2 μm, f-g = 20 µm.
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This paper reports an interesting saprobic ascomycete which was collected and isolated from Equisetum sp. in Italy. The phylogeny of this taxon and genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae are constructed based on analyses of combined LSU,SSU and ITS sequence data. The species has exclusive characters such as ovoid ascomata with minute papilla,cylindrical asci...
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Citations
... Ecologically, Polydomus karssenii can be separated from other fungi discussed here by its host range and lifestyle. While species of Ophiosphaerella and E. fusispora are pathogenic or saprobic (Abd-Elsalam et al. 2016;Flores et al. 2017), Polydomus karssenii has a bifunctional lifestyle, parasitising eggs of plant parasitic nematodes on the one hand and living as a root endophyte of Poaceae and Brassicaceae on the other hand. ...
... This genus clearly differs from Ophiosphaerella, not only phylogenetically, but also relating to the morphology of peridia, pedicels as well as ascospores (compare Abd-Elsalam et al. (2016)). Several Phaeosphaeria species (Phaeosphaeria arenaria, P. epicalamia, P. huronensis, P. luctuosa, P. nofolcia, P. recessa and P. saronica) however, have also similar, 5-septate ascospores as was mentioned for Equiseticola by Abd-Elsalam et al. (2016). Therefore, an effort was made to include some of these species that had not been studied phylogenetically before into the analyses. ...
In this study fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae). The morphology, the interaction with nematodes and plants and the phylogenetic relationships of these strains originating from a broad geographic range covering Western Europe to Asia Minor were studied. Phylogenetic analyses using five genomic loci including ITSrDNA, LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA, rpb2 and tef1-α were carried out. The strains were found to represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage
most closely related to Equiseticola and Ophiosphaerella, and Polydomus karssenii (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) is introduced here as a new species representing a monotypic genus. The pathogenicity tests against nematode eggs
fulfilled Koch’s postulates using in vitro nematode bioassays and showed that the fungus could parasitise its original nematode host H. filipjevi as well as the sugar beet cyst nematode H. schachtii, and colonise cysts and eggs of its hosts
by forming highly melanised moniliform hyphae. Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy further demonstrated that the fungus colonised the root cells by predominant intercellular growth of hyphae, and frequent formation of appressorium-like as well as penetration peg-like structures through internal cell walls surrounded by callosic papilla-like structures. Different strains of the new fungus produced a nearly identical set of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including nematicidal effects irrespective of their origin from plants or nematodes.
... The taxonomy of members within this family has often been confused with those of the Leptosphaeriaceae (Müller 1950, Holm et al. 1957, Munk 1957 and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish species. Criteria which have previously been used to differentiate species have been based mostly on the morphology of the peridial wall, asexual characteristics and host association (Eriksson 1967, 1981, Lucas and Webster 1967, Leuchtmann 1984, Shoemaker 1984, Barr 1987, Shoemaker and Babcock 1989, Shearer et al. 1990, Khashnobish and Shearer 1996, Câmara et al. 2002 and taxonomic schemes followed are those of Kirk et al. (2008), Zhang et al. (2009), Hyde et al. (2013), Phookamsak et al. (2014a) and Abd-Elsalam et al. (2016). However, this delimitation of taxa in Phaeosphaeriaceae and Leptosphaeriaceae, based solely on the above-mentioned features, is not feasible. ...
... Taxonomic revision of the genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae resulted in 28 genera based on morphology and phylogenetic evidence (Phookamsak et al. 2014a). Since 2014, many new genera have been introduced based on molecular data (Ariyawansa et al. 2015b, Ertz et al. 2015, Crous et al. 2015a, 2017a, Rossman et al. 2015, Abd-Elsalam et al. 2016, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016, Ahmed et al. 2017, Bakhshi et al. 2018, Wanasinghe et al. 2018. The placement of some older genera has been reconfirmed with DNA sequence . ...
... Neostagonosporella is the only genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae with this type of pseudoparaphyses. Phaeosphaeriaceous taxa have diverse morphological characteristics and the familial placement of some genera could not be resolved based on a concatenated phylogeny of three to four loci, because some genera contain only 1-2 described species (Crous et al. 2015a, 2017a, Abd-Elsalam et al. 2016, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016, Ahmed et al. 2017, Bakhshi et al. 2018, Wanasinghe et al. 2018. ...
Neostagonosporellasichuanensis sp. nov. was found on Phyllostachysheteroclada collected from Sichuan Province in China and is introduced in a new genus Neostagonosporella gen. nov. in this paper. Evidence for the placement of the new taxon in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae is supported by morphology and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF 1-α DNA sequence dataset. Maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses support Neostagonosporella as a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with related genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae and full descriptions and illustrations are provided. Neostagonosporella is characterised by its unique suite of characters, such as multiloculate ascostromata and cylindrical to fusiform, transversely multiseptate, straight or curved ascospores, which are widest at the central cells. Conidiostromata are multiloculate, fusiform to long fusiform or rhomboid, with two types conidia; macroconidia vermiform or subcylindrical to cylindrical, transversely multiseptate, sometimes curved, almost equidistant between septa and microconidia oval, ellipsoidal or long ellipsoidal, aseptate, rounded at both ends. An updated phylogeny of the Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene analysis is provided.
This study documents the morphology and phylogeny of ascomycetes collected from karst landscapes of Guizhou Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics in conjunction with DNA sequence data, 70 species are identified and distributed in two classes (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes), 16 orders, 41 families and 60 genera. One order Planisphaeriales, four families Leptosphaerioidaceae, Neoleptosporellaceae, Planisphaeriaceae and Profundisphaeriaceae, ten genera Conicosphaeria, Karstiomyces, Leptosphaerioides, Neoceratosphaeria, Neodiaporthe, Neodictyospora, Planisphaeria, Profundisphaeria, Stellatus and Truncatascus, and 34 species (Amphisphaeria karsti, Anteaglonium hydei, Atractospora terrestris, Conicosphaeria vaginatispora, Corylicola hydei, Diaporthe cylindriformispora, Dictyosporium karsti, Hysterobrevium karsti, Karstiomyces guizhouensis, Leptosphaerioides guizhouensis, Lophiotrema karsti, Murispora hydei, Muyocopron karsti, Neoaquastroma guizhouense, Neoceratosphaeria karsti, Neodiaporthe reniformispora, Neodictyospora karsti, Neoheleiosa guizhouensis, Neoleptosporella fusiformispora, Neoophiobolus filiformisporum, Ophioceras guizhouensis, Ophiosphaerella karsti, Paraeutypella longiasca, Paraeutypella karsti, Patellaria guizhouensis, Planisphaeria karsti, Planisphaeria reniformispora, Poaceascoma herbaceum, Profundisphaeria fusiformispora, Pseudocoleophoma guizhouensis, Pseudopolyplosphaeria guizhouensis, Stellatus guizhouensis, Sulcatispora karsti and Truncatascus microsporus) are introduced as new to science. Moreover, 13 new geographical records for China are also reported, which are Acrocalymma medicaginis, Annulohypoxylon thailandicum, Astrosphaeriella bambusae, Diaporthe novem, Hypoxylon rubiginosum, Ophiosphaerella agrostidis, Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis, Patellaria atrata, Polyplosphaeria fusca, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Sarimanas shirakamiense, Thyridaria broussonetiae and Tremateia chromolaenae. Additionally, the family Eriomycetaceae was resurrected as a non-lichenized family and accommodated within Monoblastiales. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all these taxa are provided.
Perisporiopsidaceae includes species with superficial ascomata seated on a subiculum, and ellipsoidal oblong, one or more septate, hyaline ascospores. Taxonomy of species in this family has been based, mainly, on morphological characters and host/substrate associations. There is limited information about the taxonomic placement of Perisporiopsidaceae within the Dothideomycetes . Here, an assessment of the phylogenetic position of the Perisporiopsidaceae was conducted based on a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of sequence data obtained from fresh material of the type species of Periosporiopsis – Perisporiopsis struthanthi . An epitype is designated here. In addition, novel specimens and pure cultures of Perisporiopsis lantanae were also obtained, inclusive from the type locality and subjected to molecular analysis. Additionally the status of Perisporiopsis lateritia was investigated. Perisporiopsis struthanthi and P. lantanae were found to belong to a clade within the Phaeosphaeriaceae . Perisporiopsis struthanthi grouped with Setophoma spp. and P. lantanae isolates formed a separate clade within Phaeosphaeriaceae . There was, nevertheless, no morphology-based indication of a connection between Perisporiopsis and Setophoma. The members of Setophoma spp. that are closer to Perisporiopsis struthanthi ( Setophoma sacchari, S. pseudosacchari, S. vernoniae, S. chromolaenae, S. antiqua , and S. endophytica ) are combined herein into Perisporiopsis as, P. antiqua, P. chromolaenae, P. endophytica, P. pseudosacchari, P. sacchari , and P. vernoniae ,). Additionally, Setophoma is splited into three genera: Setophoma stricto sensus (including the type species Setophoma terrestris, S. brachypodii , and S. poaceicola ), Pseudosetophoma (type Pseudosetophoma yunnanensis , and with P. yingyisheniae) , and Troglophoma (type Troglophoma caverna , and with T. longinqua ). Perisporiopsis lateritia grouped in the family Pyrenochaetopsidaceae , Perisporiopsidaceae is merged into Phaeosphaeriaceae , a family having nomenclatural priority over Perisporiopsidaceae . A new genus and combination are proposed to accommodate P. lantanae , namely Sputnikia and Sputnikia lantanae whereas P. lateritia is combined to Pyrenochaetopsis lateritia . Other species and genera in Perisporiopsidaceae should be regarded as Incertae sedis , until specimens are recollected and epitypes designated, or DNA sequences obtained from the type specimens and a molecular phylogenetic study clarifies their taxonomic position.
In the present study, we surveyed the ascomycetes from bamboo of Phyllostachys across Sichuan Province, China. A biphasic approach based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogeny confirmed seven species, including one new genus, two new species, and five new host record species. A novel genus Paralloneottiosporina is introduced to accommodate Pa. sichuanen-sis that was collected from leaves of Phyllostachys violascens. Moreover, the newly introduced species Bifusisporella sichuanensis was isolated from leaves of P. edulis, and five species were newly recorded on bamboos, four species belonging to Apiospora, viz. Ap. yunnana, Ap. neosubglobosa, Ap. jiang-xiensis, and Ap. hydei, and the last species, Seriascoma yunnanense, isolated from dead culms of P. heterocycla. Morphologically similar and phylogenetically related taxa were compared. Comprehensive descriptions, color photo plates of micromorphology are provided.
We are studying microfungi growing on Poaceae hosts in different geographical regions and in
this study we introduce Kwanghwana miscanthi Karun., C.H.Kuo & K.D.Hyde, gen. et sp. nov.,
based on phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of four loci used in combination (three
ribosomal (LSU, SSU and ITS) and one protein coding region (TEF1-α)) and on morphological characters. Tis new genus, including a single species isolated from Miscanthus floridulus
(Labill.) Warb. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb., is molecularly distinct from closely related genera,
Neostagonosporella C.L.Yang, X.L.Xu & K.D.Hyde, Setophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley and
Edenia M.C.González, A.L.Anaya, Glenn, Saucedo & Hanlin. Kwanghwana miscanthi Karun.,
C.H.Kuo & K.D.Hyde, sp. nov., also differs from Neostagonosporella and Setophoma by having
subglobose ascomata, irregularly thickened peridium, cellular, septate and branched pseudoparaphyses, and fusiform, broadly fusoid, 3-septate ascospores.
