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Polymer matrix composites have always piqued the curiosity of the scientific, technological communities and are being recognized as the best option for a wide range of engineering applications owing to their superior mechanical qualities, namely stiffness and high specific strength. In addition, these materials offer useful design flexibility and c...
Citations
... PCMs are indispensable in contemporary engineering and industrial applications owing to their exceptional characteristics, including but not limited to lightweight design [2], high strength [3], and resistance to corrosion [4,5]. However, the development of effective polymer composites necessitates the consideration of diverse factors [6], notably encompassing composition and structure. ...
This paper explores the application of multi-objective optimization techniques, including MOPSO, NSGA II, and SPEA2, to optimize the hyperparameters of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) for predicting the physical properties of textile polymer composite materials (TPCMs). The optimization process utilizes data on the physical characteristics of the constituent fibers and fabrics used to manufacture these composites. By employing optimization algorithms, we aim to enhance the predictive accuracy of the ANN and SVM models, thereby facilitating the design and development of high-performance textile polymer composites. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through comparative analyses and validation experiments, highlighting its potential for optimizing complex material systems.
... The molten material from the extruder is deposited selectively layer by layer in a specific or predetermined path. Characterizing and comparing the printed parts with their injection molded or conventionally manufactured counterparts, it was identified that FDM printed parts showed poor surface quality, low build speed, limited material selection and more significantly, decreased mechanical properties [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. These shortcomings are often attributed to the material used and the process parameters employed in the printing of the parts. ...
Manufacturing industries have taken a leap with the coming of polymer composites and have been much broadly explored in this era. Composites with ceramic reinforcements to polymer matrices have proven potentially efficient in improving mechanical properties. This work explores the idea in implementing PLA-silicon nitride composites in manufacturing through conventional injection molding and modern 3D printing techniques. The study points to the better strength enhancement of tensile, flexural and impact test results in composites in the lower additive weight ratio of 95:05, substantiated by a detailed mechanical and morphological analysis of specimens in three different weight ratios. The specimens printed by 3D printing show a negligible variation in the strength parameters when compared to the injection-molded counterparts, which in effect extends the scope of further research in the area.
... Composites constructed from polymer matrix are widely employed across multiple industries such as aerospace, automobiles, renewable energy systems, marine vehicles, sports vehicles, biomedical devices, construction industry, space vehicles, and many other systems because of their great speci c strength and sti ness in comparison to metal [1,2]. ...
Composite laminates were made using the hand lay-up method from plain bidirectional glass fiber and plain bidirectional basalt fiber with epoxy as the thermosetting matrix material. Basalt fiber weight fraction varied to 0%, 26%, 54%, 84%, and 100% during the development of different laminates, and their density and mechanical characterizations were investigated using ASTM standards. A density test was carried out to evaluate the specific strength of different laminates. To evaluate the effects of different fiber weight fractions on the mechanical characteristics of the composite, tensile, flexural, and impact tests were carried out. It was observed that, compared to non-hybrid composites, hybrid composites showed superior properties in flexural, tensile, and impact tests. The results presented in this study show that in hybrid composites, different fiber weight fractions play a crucial role in the properties of the hybrid composite. one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to see if there were any statistically significant differences between the measured mechanical properties. As one of the major benefits of composites is their high ratio of strength to weight, a comparison of specific properties is carried out, and the positive effect of hybridization was observed.
... 11,12 While various classications exist, they can generally be broadly divided into classes such as ber reinforced polymer composites (FRP), sandwich composites, metal matrix composites (MMC), ceramic matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, and bio-composites. [13][14][15][16] Sandwich composites consist of a lightweight core material sandwiched between two robust surface layers. 17,18 The reinforcing surface layers are typically made from ber-reinforced polymer composites, while the core material is chosen from lightweight materials. ...
Layered composites are composite materials created by combining different layers of materials. Each layer can possess unique properties, often tailored to meet specific application or design requirements. These composites have found applications in various sectors due to their features, which include lightness, excellent impact properties, and customization according to specific application areas. In this study, glass fiber reinforced polymer foam core layered composite materials were produced. EPS polymer foam was used as the core material. During production, polymer foams and fibers were bonded to the upper and lower sides of the foams using resin. Samples were produced with 4 and 6 layers on both sides, totaling 8 and 12 layers, respectively. The vacuum bagging method was employed in production, utilizing the manual laying technique. Upon completion of production, the materials were cut into sizes conforming to standards and converted into samples. Subsequently, three-point bending and low-speed impact tests were conducted on the produced samples. As a result of the impact tests, perforation occurred in the 8-layer samples of 200 g m⁻² glass fiber composites, while rebound was observed in the 12-layer samples. Although more deformation occurred in the 8-layer glass fiber composites of 300 g m⁻² than in the 12-layer samples, both sets of experiments resulted in rebound. Similar results to the impact tests were obtained in three-point bending tests, with higher strengths observed in the 12-layer samples compared to the 8-layer samples. Composite samples with fiber layers of 300 g m⁻² exhibited better performance than samples with 200 g m⁻² fibers.
... In this polymer matrix composite, the thermosetting resins are most commonly utilized due to its structural arrangements of heavily cross linked, strong covalent bond, and it is also responsible for better adhesion capacity, resistance to heat and high temperature, resistant to corrosion, and good finishing property which improves the mechanical and physical strength of the material compared to the thermoplastics [3,4]. These features of thermosetting resin are used in various structural, engineering, space science applications, etc. [5]. ...
This study introduces a novel approach to synthesize amine-functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles using extracts from Phyllanthus niruri, with a specific focus on tailoring a vinyl ester composite coating material for printer applications. The successful synthesis of nanoparticles paved the way for a systematic characterization of the resulting specimens, following American society of testing and materials standards, to comprehensively evaluate their structural and mechanical properties. The compositional variations of the synthesized composites, particularly those treated with silane, revealed remarkable enhancements in mechanical, wear, and thermal conductivity properties. Among these compositions, composite contains 1 vol. % of silane-treated ZrO2 particles showcasing exceptional mechanical attributes with high tensile and flexural strength of 86.4 MPa and 148.2 MPa, respectively. EZ33 also demonstrated superior wear resistance, leading to a reduced coefficient of friction of 0.231 and a diminished specific wear rate of 0.01 mm³/Nm. Furthermore, EZ33 exhibited impressive thermal conductivity of 1.633 W/mK. The study underscores the significant improvement in composite properties achieved through the inclusion of silane-treated ZrO2 particles, as compared to their untreated counterparts. These results confirm the potential applicability of the synthesized composite in a variety of printing applications, offering enhanced mechanical strength, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity.
... To guarantee orthopaedic implants dependability and durability throughout use, their mechanical behavior is crucial. The implant capacity to tolerate physiological loads and dynamic stresses experienced during daily activities is determined by many critical factors such as tensile strength, fatigue resistance, and flexural performance, [10,11,18]. An implant resistance to flexural stresses is a fundamental mechanical necessity. ...
... Now, the load applied and the extension produced was quite proportional to each other. This is in agreement with the load vs extension characteristics of lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced composites reported in literature [10,16,34,35]. After that, the sample stretched and finally, it was broken at 369 N with an extension of about 1.3 mm. ...
Composite materials remain as the preferred source for the material engineers to develop light weight products for domestic and industrial applications. The prime objective of this study was to find the mechanical and wear properties of the polymer composites reinforced using fibers extracted from the underground sprouts of Borassus flabellifer. Extraction of fibers was done by heating the sprouts in normal water. Hot water produced easy fibrillation of the fibers within a very short period of time. Also there is no need for any sophistication equipments and post-treatment. Composite samples were fabricated using isophthalic acid-based unsaturated polymer resin as matrix and varying wt% (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45) of these fibers. Optimum tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of 17.6 ± 0.72 MPa, 50.2 ± 0.15 MPa, and 1.18 ± 0.21 J respectively were achieved with 35 wt% fiber loading. Wear studies conducted on the samples exhibited co-efficient of friction and specific wear rate as 0.52 and 0.024 mm³/Nm respectively. The fibers exemplified worthy interfacial adhesion with the matrix. The study proved an efficient, cost effective, green fiber extraction technique and Borassus flabellifer sprout fibers are found to be potential polymeric reinforcements for the fabrication of composites.
... Currently, polymer composite materials (PCMs) are widely used in the aerospace, shipbuilding, and automotive industries, as well as in construction, medicine, etc. Sets of required physical and mechanical properties of the PCMs can include up to several dozen different parameters. Despite the fact that the number of commercially available PCMs is quite large, their characteristics gradually cease to meet the ever-tightening requirements as technologies are improved, prompting the development of new grades [1][2][3][4][5]. ...
The objective of this research was to predict the fatigue behavior of polyetherimide-based composites loaded with short carbon fibers 200 μm long under cyclic loads. The weight fraction of the filler was 10, 20, and 30 wt.%, while the maximum stress in a cycle was 55, 65, and 75 MPa. A modified fatigue model based on the obtained experimental results and Basquin equation was developed. The novelty of the results is related to developing a model on the structure–property relationship, which accounts for both the maximum stress in a cycle and the carbon fiber content in the composites. In addition, an “algorithm” for designing such composites according to the fatigue life criterion was proposed. The approach to determine relationships between the composition, structure, and properties of PCMs described in this study can be applied to further expand the model and to improve its versatility in the use of other thermoplastic matrices and fillers. The results of this study can be applied for the design of composites for structural applications with designated fatigue properties.
... Nowadays, heavy metals and homogeneous materials have been replaced by more flexible and adaptable polymer matrix composites (PMC). These PMCs have low density, high specific strength, and improved stiffness that are extensively employed in a variety of applications, including partition boards, roof tiles, the packaging industry, and the acoustics of aircraft, boats, and automotive interiors, etc., In recent decades, it has been depicted that basic and functional behavior of polymer matrix composites depends on the quality of fibers used [1][2][3]. Fibers can be mainly classified as synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Many researchers work on natural fibers by considering its environmental benefits. ...
... Each cured composite plate was cut as per ASTM standards to test the mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact tests with five specimens in each combination. Tensile tests were performed as per the ASTM D3039 standard [3] by a universal testing machine at room temperature, the tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation of the specimen were evaluated from the stress versus strain curve. Flexural tests were performed as per the ASTM D790 standard by a universal testing machine (Dak system Inc.) at room temperature at the head velocity of 10 mm/min. ...
The present work deals with analyzing the effect of silicon dioxide on mechanical and thermal stability of hybrid polymer composite. Compression molding is adopted to develop the hybrid composite with constant 0.5 wt.% of graphene and varying wt.% of silicon dioxide (2, 4 & 6 wt.%). Modified hummers method is used to synthesis graphene by chemical exfoliation of graphene from graphite flakes. Mechanical properties of developed composite is investigated using tensile, flexural, impact and interlaminar shear testing follow by fracture surface analysis of tested samples. Thermal stability is examined by thermogravimetric analysis and functional group confirmation is carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Investigation over mechanical properties of fabricated composite reveals that addition of silicon dioxide up to 4 wt.% depicted higher flexural and tensile strength. Increment in silicon dioxide percentage improves the toughness of composite. FTIR results confirms the presence of asymmetric stretching vibrations due the after effect of hybrid fillers. Thermogravimetric analysis results depict that incorporation silicon dioxide increases the activation of energy of matrix from ~ 24.2 to 31.5 kJ/mol.
... Due to their unique lightweight characteristics and superior mechanical properties, the development and application of composites, especially polymer matrix composites, have been progressively transforming industries ranging from aerospace to construction [1,2]. The most common varieties of these composites are glass-fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP). ...
