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Epifluorescence micrograph of DAPI-stained spores of Stereum sanguinolentum depicting spores with one, two, three or four nuclei. Bar 10 m.
Source publication
Monobasidiospore isolates were prepared from basidiocarps of Stereum sanguinolentum. Five isolates per basidiome were paired with each other and with isolates from the trama. Interbasidiome pairings of the trama isolates and of a selection of single-spore isolates also were performed. Thin sections of the hymenium were stained with DAPI and examine...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of nuclei per basidiospore. Most basidiospores possessed two nuclei (FIG. 13, TABLE I). Depending on the basidiocarp between 1% and 10% had only one nucleus, between 0% and 4% three nuclei and between 0% and 3% four nuclei. The proportion of empty or apparently empty spores was considerable in some spore prints. In addition, spores containing amorphous DNA instead of clearly delimited nuclei also were observed ...
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Macrofossil collection and photography. In situ pollen collection, many stages of chemical preparation, embedding of pollen grains in resin, cutting thin sections of the embedded pollen and staining the thin sections on a grid in radioactive uranium dye, then photography and developing negatives and prints conducted entirely by Gwen. Standard metho...
Citations
... In homothallic A. mellea, basidiospore development most closely resembles some stages of secondary homothallic (syn. pseudohomothallic) Basidiomycetes, such as Microbotryum (Giraud 2004) and Stereum (Calderoni et al. 2003). In the basidium of homothallic A. mellea, the four haploid products of meiosis fuse into two pairs (intratetrad mating), and the two resulting diploid nuclei migrate to two of four basidiospores Ota et al. 1998). ...
Populations of Armillaria mellea (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) across much of its range are heterothallic; homothallic populations occur only in Africa (A. mellea ssp. africana), China (China Biological Species CBS G), and Japan (A. mellea ssp. nipponica). Monosporous isolates of heterothallic A. mellea are haploid and their mating behaviour is consistent with the requirement of two different alleles at two mating-type loci (tetrapolar mating system) to create a diploid individual. In contrast, monosporous isolates of homothallic A. mellea are putatively diploid; they bypass the haploid phase by undergoing karyogamy in the basidium (a unique type of secondary homothallism/pseudohomothallism). In order to determine the genetic origin of this homothallism, we analyzed genetic variation of 47 heterothallic isolates from China, Europe, and North America, and 14 homothallic isolates from Africa, China, and Japan. Gene trees and mutational networks were constructed for partial mitochondrial gene ATP synthase subunit 6 (ATP6) and for the following nuclear genes: actin (ACTIN), elongation factor subunit 1-alpha (EFA), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), and the RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2). Homothallic isolates from Africa and Japan shared a common mitochondrial ATP6 haplotype with homothallic isolates from China, and are likely introductions. Homothallic isolates from China that shared a common mitochondrial haplotype with all European isolates did not share European nuclear haplotypes, as revealed by median-joining networks, but instead clustered with haplotypes from China or were intermediate between those of China and Europe. Such mitochondrial-nuclear discordance in homothallic isolates from China is indicative of hybridization between lineages originating from China and Europe.
During the revision of the Antrodia species from the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil,some specimens collected on dead branches of Baccharis (Asteraceae) were found to represent an undescribed species,Antrodia neotropica sp. nov. Morphologically,this new species is characterized by resupinate to effused-reflexed basidiomata with a cream to brown pore surface,a dimitic hyphal system and basidiospores that are cylindrical to subcylindrical,in dorsi-ventral view with an obovoid aspect,and from the side-view present a sigmoid ventral side. Molecular phylogeny inferred from nrITS and nrLSU sequence data confirmed that this species belongs to the Antrodia s.s. clade,closely related to European and North American species,A. serpens and A. heteromorpha. Its relationships within Antrodia s.s. as well as biological and morphological characters of Antrodia s.s. are discussed.
