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Entrance of the Hadži-Prodanova pećina Cave, Raščići, Ivanjica, western Serbia (photograph by Bojan Ilić).

Entrance of the Hadži-Prodanova pećina Cave, Raščići, Ivanjica, western Serbia (photograph by Bojan Ilić).

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Five new species are described, Plusiocampa (Didymocampa) cvijici Sendra & Antić, sp. nov., Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) atom Sendra & Antić, sp. nov., Plusiocampa (Stygiocampa) barethae Sendra & Rađa, sp. nov., Plusiocampa (Stygiocampa) dulcici Sendra & Rađa, sp. nov. and Plusiocampa (Venetocampa) pirnati Sendra & Borko, sp. nov. This brings the numb...

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... long gouge sensilla (26-38 μm long), and up to two conical 8 μm long sensilla ( Figs 13-15). Proximal antennomeres with typical trichobothria, plus a small bacilliform sensillum (8 μm long) on third antennomere in a ventral position. Frontal process with a moderate conical protrusion covered with a few tuberculate setae carrying a few thin barbs (Fig. 17). The three macrosetae along each side of line of insertion of antennomere and x setae with thin distal barbs; length ratios of a/i/p/x being 23/27/26/29. Labial palps large and suboval, with a conical latero-external sensillum, two guard setae, up to thirteen setae on anterior border, and up to 250 neuroglandular setae (Fig. 16). ...
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... Body length 4.7 mm (♀ holotype), 3.2 and 4.5 mm (♂1 and ♂2 paratypes). Epicuticle smooth when examined under optical microscope, thin reticular under high magnifi cation (SEM, up to 1000x) (Fig. 70); body with thin, medium-sized, barbed clothing setae. tibial macroseta; calcars with numerous long thin barbs in a few rows; tarsus with two ventral rows of larger, longer and more densely barbed setae than clothing setae, with numerous setiform sensilla among clothing setae ( (Fig. 75). Apical seta with a basal double tooth and two or ...
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... thin reticular under high magnifi cation (SEM, up to 1000x) (Fig. 70); body with thin, medium-sized, barbed clothing setae. tibial macroseta; calcars with numerous long thin barbs in a few rows; tarsus with two ventral rows of larger, longer and more densely barbed setae than clothing setae, with numerous setiform sensilla among clothing setae ( (Fig. 75). Apical seta with a basal double tooth and two or three long thin barbs; subapical seta completely covered by short barbs; medio-ventral setae with four or six long thin barbs (Fig. 74). Eversible vesicles large, with proximal and distal areas of different microtexture (Fig. 76). Best preserved cercus broken; each primary article ...
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... few rows; tarsus with two ventral rows of larger, longer and more densely barbed setae than clothing setae, with numerous setiform sensilla among clothing setae ( (Fig. 75). Apical seta with a basal double tooth and two or three long thin barbs; subapical seta completely covered by short barbs; medio-ventral setae with four or six long thin barbs (Fig. 74). Eversible vesicles large, with proximal and distal areas of different microtexture (Fig. 76). Best preserved cercus broken; each primary article bearing from two to eight irregular whorls of long barbed macrosetae, one distal whorl of long smooth setae, and one apical whorl of short thin setae with tiny distal barbs. Secondary sex ...
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... Body length 4.3-4.9 mm (males), 4.1-5.6 mm (females) and 2.9 mm in one juvenile (in type series) (Fig. 77). Epicuticle smooth under optical microscope, weakly reticulated under high magnifi cation (SEM, up to 1000x) (Figs 84-85); body covered with numerous thin, medium-sized clothing setae bearing two to fi ve thin distal ...
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... head in a psl position. Labial palps suboval, each with a conical latero-external sensillum near two gard setae, with fi ve normal setae in anterior portion, and with up to 62 neuroglandular setae in a medial and posterior position. Narrow submentum with two posterior macrosetae with 3-5 long, thin distal barbs and a smooth anterior row of setae (Fig. ...
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... Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp 2,3 macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 sma, 1+1 sla or 1+0 sla -0+1 la, 2+2 lp 2,3 ; metanotum with 1+1 lp 2 ; long, thin, barbed notal macrosetae in distal two-thirds; marginal setae slightly longer than clothing setae, with a few thin distal barbs (Fig. 79). Metathoracic legs reaching beyond end of abdomen; femur and tibia being the longest articles with a similar length (Table 4). One dorsal femoral macroseta in distal half with thin barbs 0.20-0.25 mm in length, and with three slightly shorter barbed ventral macrosetae ( Figs 86-87); two (rarely three) short metathoracic tibial ...
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... being 1.22 times longer than body; basal article divided into three or four secondary articles, followed by eight to eleven primary articles (Table 4); each primary cercus bearing two to ten irregular whorls of long barbed macrosetae, one to two distal whorls of smooth long setae, and one apical whorl of short thin setae with tiny distal barbs (Fig. 97). Secondary sex characters: First urosternite of males carrying very large spherical appendages with a large fi eld of up to 200 glandular a 1 setae (Figs 94-95); females with subcylindrical to conical appendages with up to 18 glandular a 1 ...

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... The main reasons for the extraordinary diversity of the Balkan troglobitic fauna include: (i) the diverse epigean fauna that populated the region in the distant past; (ii) the continuity In contrast to a large number of comprehensive and detailed speleological studies, very few biospeleological studies have been conducted on the cave's living world, as evidenced by the small number of articles published to date on the fauna of Resava Cave [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. Although the literature on the terrestrial arthropod fauna of Resava Cave is sparse, reporting only seven species [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24], the existing references are of great importance as they contain descriptions of four new arthropod species to science from Resava Cave (a spider, a millipede, a dipluran and a ground beetle). ...
... The main reasons for the extraordinary diversity of the Balkan troglobitic fauna include: (i) the diverse epigean fauna that populated the region in the distant past; (ii) the continuity In contrast to a large number of comprehensive and detailed speleological studies, very few biospeleological studies have been conducted on the cave's living world, as evidenced by the small number of articles published to date on the fauna of Resava Cave [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. Although the literature on the terrestrial arthropod fauna of Resava Cave is sparse, reporting only seven species [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24], the existing references are of great importance as they contain descriptions of four new arthropod species to science from Resava Cave (a spider, a millipede, a dipluran and a ground beetle). All four species are blind, depigmented and have other morphological features typical of true cave dwellers (troglobites). ...
... It feeds on decaying organic matter of plant origin. In contrast to a large number of comprehensive and detailed speleological studies, very few biospeleological studies have been conducted on the cave's living world, as evidenced by the small number of articles published to date on the fauna of Resava Cave [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. ...
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The Balkan region is rich in limestone deposits, which have created one of the largest hotspots of subterranean biodiversity. This paper gives an overview of the diversity of subterranean terrestrial arthropods in Resava Cave in eastern Serbia. This cave is protected and has the status of a natural monument. At the same time, it is one of the most visited caves in Serbia and its surroundings. Our study comprises the results of three years of biospeleological investigations of the famous Serbian cave in combination with data from the few available literature sources on the arthropod fauna of the cave. The arthropod samples were collected both manually and with pitfall traps. A total of 107 arthropod species from the four major subphyla were registered in the cave: 66 species of Hexapoda, 27 species of Chelicerata, 11 species of Myriapoda and three species of Crustacea. For four troglobitic, 16 troglophilic and 87 trogloxenic species recorded in the cave, descriptions of their microhabitats and information on their distribution in the cave are given. Considering the medium size of Resava Cave and the lack of permanent water flow in the two main levels on the one hand, and the large number of arthropod species recorded on the other, the cave is relatively rich in hypogean terrestrial arthropod fauna compared to other caves in Serbia that have been biospeleologically studied so far.
... is a relatively well-known genus of the subfamily Plusiocampinae, part of the most diverse family of Diplura (i.e., Campodeidae Lubbock, 1873;Sendra et al. 2021a). Seventyfi ve Plusiocampa species have been described so far, mostly cave-dwellers distributed throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions but some inhabiting soil ecosystems (Sendra et al. 2021a(Sendra et al. , 2021b (Fig. 1). Four species of Plusiocampa are already known from caves around the Black Sea, at the western side in the well-known Movile Cave in Dobroudja (Condé 1993(Condé , 1996; caves from the Crimean Peninsula in the north (Silvestri 1949;Sendra et al. 2020a), and a cave near the Abkhazia coast in the east (Sendra et al. 2020a). ...
... Plusiocampa is the most diverse genus of Plusiocampinae, with 74 species including the new one, spread around the Euro-Mediterranean Basin and the Black Sea. Furthermore, Plusiocampa and Plusiocampinae are also totally absent north of 50º N latitude, which roughly marks the southern limit of the ice during the Last Glacial Maximum from Belgium to Crimea (Sendra et al. 2020a;Sendra et al. 2021b). Most species of Plusiocampinae inhabit cave ecosystems, with only nine dwelling in moist, soil habitats. ...
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A new dipluran species, Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov., from the deep zone in three caves in the Imereti region, Georgia, is described. This new troglobitic Plusiocampa is an addition to four others known Diplura from around the Black Sea region, two Dydimocampa and two Plusiocampa s. str. The present study also provides the first CO1 sequences for the Plusiocampinae taxa and the first molecular data for cave-dwelling Plusiocampa species. Although bootstrap values were low, the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree grouped Plusiocampa (P.) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov. with two Plusiocampa s. str. species from Eastern Europe. Morphologically, P. (P.) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov. is closely related to two cave-dwelling species: Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) glabra Condé, 1984 and Plusiocampa (P.) chiosensis Sendra & Gasparo, 2020. The new species can be distinguished by the presence of lateral anterior macrosetae on metanotum, more uneven claws, and the presence of 2+2 lateral anterior macrosetae on middle urotergites. The five species currently known for the Black Sea region inhabit caves located at low altitude but with no influence from former glacial or permafrost processes
Article
A new genus of Plusiocampinae (Diplura, Campodeidae), Anatoliacampa diclensis Sendra, Tusun & Satar gen. et sp. nov., is described from specimens found in the Southeastern Anatolian Peninsula in Dicle cave (Bozaba village, Dicle district, Diyarbakır province, Turkey). Based on its morphological characteristics and molecular analysis, the new taxon undoubtedly belongs to the well-established subfamily Plusiocampinae and occupies, like most species of the subfamily, cave habitats. Anatoliacampa diclensis has two important features: its unique pretarsus and the abundant distribution of urosternal macrosetae. The finding of this new taxon is of high palaeogeographic interest, as it provides new evidence for establishing Anatolia as a land bridge for the colonization of the Euro-Mediterranean lands by cave-adapted Plusiocampinae and their few soil-dwelling relatives.
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