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Erbium doped heavy metal oxide containing glasses have prominent applications in the field of photonics. In this paper, small concentrations of erbium oxide (Er2O3 = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) mixed bismuth borolead lithium glasses were developed by conventional melt-quenching technique. The extensive structural and optical properties of the...
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... gradually replacing the boron atoms and then the formation of NBOs also increases in the glass system. In addition, it is also detected that the common distance between the Er 3+ ions decreases, this lead to the non-radiative transitions, also which increases the non-radiative (multiphonon relaxation) rates and the luminescence quenching [68]. Fig. 7 shows the energy level diagram of the BiBLPEr glasses are excited at 480 nm, Er 3+ ion from its lower energy level to greater energy level. Owing to the lesser energy gap between 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2, without emitting any radiation, the Er 3+ ion jumps to its lower energy level 4 S 3/2 . Transitions of Er 3+ ions take place from the ...
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... take place from the level 2 H 11/2 to its 4 S 3/2 and 4 F 9/2 are at 547 and 656 nm wavelengths emitting radiations, also lower energy levels respectively. However, the Er 3+ ion concentration, chemical composition, heat treatment and pumping radiation wavelength are different parameters, which gives the probability of transitions of host matrix. Fig. 7 also exhibits as the cross-relaxation channels and resonance energy transfer due to Er 3+ non-radiation transition modes are strong interactions along with the Er 3+ ions decreases when the partition connecting the ions. From Fig. 6, at 547 nm observed that the intensity of the emission band, the transition of 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 is ...
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... Using Eq. (4), the δ RMS deviation values were determined for the Sm 3+ ion-doped ZnP glasses in small quantities. The δ RMS deviation was determined as the quality of the linear fit [33]. ...
... The fit between f emp and f qun depicts the precision of the J-O intensity parameter and the quality of the fit [33]. Table 3 shows that the spectral intensities of the two absorption bands, 6 H 5/2 → 6 F 7/2 and 6 H 5/2 → 6 P 3/2 , are more significant. ...
This work focuses on studying the photoluminescence properties of Sm³⁺ ion-activated zinc phosphate (ZnP) glasses for visible reddish-orange illumination applications. A conventional melt-quenching method was used to synthesize ZnP glasses with (60-x) P2O5–20ZnO–10LiF–10SrO–xSm2O3 compositions, where x = (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous nature of the synthesized glasses, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic phosphate groups. The optical properties were assessed using absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, along with decay-lifetime measurements. Applying the Judd–Ofelt (J–O) theory, the spectral intensities (femp and fqun) and intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6) were derived from the absorption spectra, showing a trend of Ω4 > Ω6 > Ω2. From the obtained J–O parameters, the radiative parameters (AT and τR) were estimated for various excited states. Photoluminescence analysis showed four emission bands corresponding to the ⁴G5/2 → ⁶HP/2 (P = 5, 7, 9, and 11) transitions of Sm³⁺ ions when stimulated at 403 nm, with a strong reddish-orange emission intensity at 599 nm. The stimulated emission cross-sections (σP) were estimated from the emission spectra. Chromaticity color coordinates confirmed that ZnP glasses doped with Sm³⁺ ions show reddish-orange luminescence and are useful for potential reddish-orange lighting applications.
... The value of χ lies in the range between 0.781 and 0.983 whereby 1 mole% of Er +3 for TPBE glass demonstrate maximum value of 0.983, indicating that the TPBE2 can be more promising laser material. The value of χ for the sample TPBE2 is larger than those reported in [52,54,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65] and smaller than those reported in [41,[66][67][68]. The values of intensity parameters Ω=2,3 and 6 and spectroscopic quality factor for Er +3 doped lead bismuth tellurite glasses compared with literature are listed in Table 6. ...
... The strongest PL intensity peak was observed for the transition 4 S3/2 → 4 I15/2. The stimulated emission cross-section of sample TPBE2 for the transition 4 S3/2 → 4 I15/2 is larger than those reported in [19,43,62,65] and smaller than [76]. The obtained results show suggest that the TPBE2 sample is a better candidate for laser transition amongst other TPBE prepared glasses. ...
... Parameters TPBE1 TPBE2 TPBE3 TPBE4 TPBE5 Ref. [19] Ref. [62] Ref. [65] Ref. [ ...
Er + 3 doped lead-bismuth tellurite glasses with the composition (75-x) TeO 2 − 15 PbO – 10 Bi 2 O 3 - xEr 2 O 3 where (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mole%) were synthesized by using melt quenching technique. The influence of Er ³⁺ doping was evaluated through physical and optical properties. The non-crystalline nature of the samples was analyzed by XRD. The density of the samples was increased from 6.387 to 6.528 g.cm − 3 . The absorption spectra show eight transition bands corresponding to the transitions from ⁴ I 15/2 to ⁴ I 13/2, ⁴ I 11/2, ⁴ I 9/2, ⁴ F 9/2, ⁴ S 3/2, ⁴ H 11/2, ⁴ F 7/2 and ⁴ F 5/2, respectively. The experimental and calculated oscillator strengths were calculated based on the Judd-Ofelt theory. The intensity parameters follow the trend Ω 2 > Ω 6 > Ω 4 . Three emission bands were observed from the fluorescence spectra. The green transition ⁴ S 3/2 → ⁴ I 15/2 is the strongest among other transitions. The color coordinates were determined by using CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The highest quantum efficiency was 95.11% for the transition ⁴ S 3/2 → ⁴ I 15/2 . The results suggest that the TPBE2 glass is a great promising candidate for photonic applications and fabrication of laser optical devices.
... Rare earth (RE)-doped phosphor materials today find immense usage in various imaging and optoelectronic applications like white-lightemitting diodes (w-LEDs), solid-state lighting (SSL), solar cells, display devices, cathode ray tubes, lasers, and scintillators. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Although RE materials give sharp luminescence, the w-LEDs built on such phosphor-based platforms have major disadvantages like a low color rendering index (CRI) and excessively correlated color temperatures (CCT > 4500 K). 7,[20][21][22] Near ultraviolet (UV) LED chips integrated with RGB phosphors have been used to construct w-LEDs. [23][24][25] RE ions like Eu 3+ and Ce 3+ are widely used with various host lattices to achieve a tunable emission in the desired wavelength region. ...
This research presents the outcomes of diverse morphological and photoluminescence (PL) studies performed on Bi³⁺ ion–doped Ba3MoTiO8 phosphors prepared via the conventional solid‐state reaction method. Phase assessment was carried out via the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Field emission scanning microscopy (FE‐SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) have been used to study the surface morphology anda elemental composition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) was used to study the character and vibrational frequencies of bonds in the phosphor lattice. Room‐temperature PL was performed under 275 and 386 nm excitations, displaying a broad band in the blue region corresponding to the ³P1 → ¹S0 transition of Bi³⁺ ions. The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates and correlated color temperature values show that the as‐prepared phosphors emit in the blue vicinity. The decay curves under both excitation wavelengths show a single exponential behavior. Temperature‐dependent PL studies confirmed the high thermal stability of the phosphor. We want to endorse these phosphors as a blue‐emitting component in white light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs) and solid‐state lighting (SSL) applications.
... Rare earth (RE) ion doped glassy materials are being developed and researched for their immense utility in solid state lighting and w-LED applications [9][10][11]. RE doped glasses find usage in various applications like 3D display devices, optical fibres, temperature dependent sensors, solid state lasers, optical waveguides, Q-switched devices etc. [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Different shades of white light can be generated by tuning the red, green and blue (RGB) emissions from the luminescent materials. ...
Dy3+ doped calcium aluminum borosilicate (CABS) glasses have been synthesized via quick melt quench technique. CABS: xDy3+ glasses (x = 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mol%) were subjected to various morphological and photoluminescence studies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were conducted to study the structural and bonding nature of the undoped glass. The excitation spectra of Dy3+ doped CABS glasses under 574 nm emission show many sharp peaks amongst which the transition from 6H15/2 → 6P7/2 (351 nm) had the highest intensity. Under 351 nm excitation, glasses exhibit sharp peaks in the blue, yellow and red regions corresponding to the transitions 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 6H13/2, 6H11/2 and 6H9/2 respectively. The dipole-dipole nature of the interaction between the Dy3+ ions is confirmed via Dexter theory and Inokuti-Hirayama (I-H) model. CIE coordinates estimated from the emission profiles of these glasses under 351 nm excitation fall in the white region. Considering that these glasses exhibit sharp visible emission under UV excitation, have stable yellow to blue (Y/B) ratios and fast decays with intense energy transfers, we propose to utilise these glasses for white light generation and other white light LED (w-LED) and solid-state lighting (SSL) applications.
... [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Moreover, the significant progress in modern information technology and capacity in optoelectronics demands searching for new optical fiber amplifiers with broad and efficient gain bandwidth in the telecommunication windows. [8][9][10] Therefore, inorganic materials doped with RE 3+ ions, such as trivalent praseodymium (Pr 3+ ) and thulium (Tm 3+ ) ions, have been paid attention owing to their unique spectroscopic properties. In view of broadband NIR emission covering a wide region of the optical telecommunication window (1.3-1.7 μm), the systems doped with Pr 3+ ions have been widely investigated as potential materials for optical amplification. ...
Near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence of Pr³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions in titanate‐germanate glasses has been studied for laser and fiber amplifier applications. The effect of the molar ratio GeO2:TiO2 (from 5:1 to 1:5) on spectroscopic properties of glass systems was studied by absorption, luminescence measurements, and theoretical calculations using the Judd–Ofelt theory. It was found that independent of the TiO2 concentration, intense NIR emissions at 1.5 and 1.8 μm were observed for glasses doped with Pr³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions, respectively. Moreover, several spectroscopic and NIR laser parameters for Pr³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions, such as emission bandwidth, stimulated emission cross‐section, quantum efficiency, gain bandwidth, and figure of merit, were determined. The results were discussed in detail and compared to the different laser glasses. Systematic investigations indicate that Pr³⁺‐doped system with GeO2:TiO2 = 2:1 and Tm³⁺‐doped glass with GeO2:TiO2 = 1:2 present profit laser parameters and could be successfully applied to NIR lasers and broadband optical amplifiers.
... Erbium-doped materials, for example, have a wide gain spectrum in fiber optics [1][2][3]. Owing to the clear potential for multiple transitions at various frequencies, due to their f-f energy states, these optical materials are widely used in visible to infrared solid-state lasers [4,5]. Furthermore, several practical optoelectronic applications have triggered tremendous scientists' interests because of the special dielectric and photoluminescence properties of such rare earth oxides [6][7][8][9]. ...
Erbium-doped silica films were synthesized using a two-step sol–gel methodology that involved acid and base catalysts, with erbium concentration ranging from 0.2% to 6% and annealing temperatures varying from 500 °C to 900 °C. The photoluminescence spectra showed that the samples exhibiting efficient emission were annealed at 800 °C and 900 °C and doped with 3% and 6% erbium. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the internal structure of the films was influenced by the different annealing temperatures and the doping concentrations. Samples with dominant 4f transitions were modelled. The results suggest that the proposed method is a promising approach for the synthesis of erbium-doped silica films with potential applications in optical devices.
... Lanthanide-based light emitters acquired substantial interest for their long luminescence lifetimes and large Stokes shifts, making them prospective candidates for the development of optical devices and light conversion materials [9,10]. As a result, numerous application fields utilize lanthanide-based light emitters, including medical diagnostics [11], biological imaging [12], and optical amplifiers [13]. The most commonly utilized lanthanides are Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ , and Tm 3+ , with red, green, orange, and blue light emissions in the visible range, respectively. ...
Ladder-type polysilsesquioxanes (LPSQs) containing phenyl as a high refractive index unit and cyclic epoxy as a curable unit were found to be excellent candidates for a transparent color conversion layer for displays due to being miscible with organic solvents and amenable to transparent film formation. Therefore, the LPSQs were combined with luminescent lanthanide metals, europium Eu(III), and terbium Tb(III), to fabricate transparent films with various emission colors, including red, orange, yellow, and green. The high luminescence and transmittance properties of the LPSQs–lanthanide composite films after thermal curing were attributed to chelating properties of hydroxyl and polyether side chains of LPSQs to lanthanide ions, as well as a light sensitizing effect of phenyl side chains of the LPSQs. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nanoindentation tests indicated that the addition of the nanoparticles to the LPSQs moderately enhanced the epoxy conversion rate and substantially improved the wear resistance, including hardness, adhesion, and insusceptibility to atmospheric corrosion in a saline environment. Thus, the achieved LPGSG–lanthanide hybrid organic–inorganic material could effectively serve as a color conversion layer for displays.
... The resulting value was less than 1, indicating a hard glass [7,23] used in the application of a fiber amplifier with high emission intensity ( 2 H 11/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) [12,15,24] in comparison to the literature [12,[25][26][27][28]. The glass composition doped with rare earth causes a wavelength shift, named the nephelauxetic effect. ...
... The glass composition doped with rare earth causes a wavelength shift, named the nephelauxetic effect. The nephelauxetic effect parameter was determined using the relation [23]: ...
... Table 3 shows that the sample without Er has a higher E opt value. The value of E opt decreases with the increase in Er 3+ , which indicates an increase in NBOs (non-bridging oxygen) [23,30]. ...
Glass samples with the composition 40 Bi2O3-60 GeO2-x Er2O3 are prepared using the melt quenching procedure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Ultraviolet/Visible/Near-infrared (UV/Vis–NIR) absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to characterize the glass and glass–ceramic materials. The glass transition and crystallization temperatures are determined. Crystallization kinetics was studied in non-isothermal conditions. The oscillator strengths and Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) for reported Er3+ absorption transitions are estimated, and they follow the trend Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4 for observed Er3+ absorption transitions. The iconicity of glass samples was unaffected by an increase in Er3+ ions. XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of the Bi4Ge3O12 phase after heat treatment of glass samples at the crystallization temperature. The CIE chromaticity diagram computes the CIE chromatic coordinates. The values for all glass and crystal samples are close to bright blue and green. Glass and glass ceramic samples are suitable for green and blue optoelectronics device applications.
... To achieve the above-mentioned applications, the host glasses must have low phonon energy along with certain distinct features that include good thermal stability, high RE 3? ion solubility, mechanical and chemical stability, etc. Highly radiative transitions are more probable in low phonon energy host materials, which help in enhancing the fluorescence efficiency of RE 3? ions with no cluster formation and reduced non-radiative decay rates. This also helps to cover extended fluorescence lifetimes and quantum efficiencies to yield suitable luminescence materials [14][15][16][17]. In general, oxide-based glass systems are chemically stable. ...
Abstra
Thermally stable erbium-doped barium tellurite [60TeO2–20ZnO–4BaF2–(16 − x)BaCO3–xEr2O3, 0 ≥ x ≤ 2] glasses have been investigated for their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Significant concentration-dependent effects of erbium have been observed in most of the properties. Structural changes have been related to the formation of non-bridging oxygen atoms. Non-monotonic changes in physical and optical properties around 0.75 mol% doping indicated the network breaking and void filling ability of rare earth ions. Radiative lifetime of ⁴I13/2 level increased with erbium concentration to 2.64 ms for x = 2, while the luminescence intensity for 1.5 μm emission corresponding to ⁴I13/2 → ⁴I15/2 transition decreased beyond 0.75 mol% indicating the concentration quenching effect in the sample. This indicates the need for suitable compositional tunability to achieve the maximum output at suitable doping levels of erbium. Samples showed reverse saturable absorption phenomena owing to two-photon absorption. Significant higher optical nonlinearity led to lower optical limiting thresholds with values between 2.749 and 3.930 × 10¹² W/m², indicating their effectiveness as good optical limiting materials along with their lasing ability.
... In 2020, Fan et al. [10] prepared Bismuth-doped tellurite glass by a high-temperature melting process, tested the light absorption and stimulated emission performance, showing that Bismuth-doped tellurite glass is a good 2μm laser glass. In 2021, Bhemarajam et al. [11]developed a boron lead Bismuth-lithium glass system doped with different Er3+ ions and studied its optical properties. Through systematic spectral analysis, it is concluded that can use a glass to make a potential luminescent material in the fiber amplifier. ...
At present, the main communication window of fiber amplifier is in C-band ( ), and the amplification technology in O-band ( ) needs to be improved. The optical fiber amplification technology of band is studied in this paper. Based on three different Bismuth-doped glass materials, the design modeling and numerical simulation are carried out, and the corresponding amplification bands are , and . The rate equation and transmission equation of the three-level transition model in steady state were established. The gain, the power of pump, the power of signal and ASE signal power of the three bands were simulated by MATLAB, and the material with the best performance was further analyzed. The results show that signal light has the best amplification effect, and the maximum gain is when the fiber length is . It is also found that the optical fiber length required to achieve the optical signal optical gain with the pump power is positive correlation, and with the doping concentration is negative correlation, which are complementary to each other. This conclusion has important significance for the design of bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier.
