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Studies on renewable energy are essential topics that help find new energy sources to replace fossil sources and promote environment friendliness. Hydrogen is the most practical alternative energy carrier source that meets the mentioned purposes. The mass of hydrogen element in the Earth's water was calculated and found to be about 2.1×1020 kg, whi...
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... researchers and policy-makers should seriously consider hydrogen as a promising energy carrier and other renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels in many energy sectors. Table 2 includes the energy density (MJ/kg) for different types of fossil fuels and hydrogen. ...Similar publications
Energy has been a human need since ancient times which has been an indicator of prosperity. However, that doesn't mean there won't be problems. The longer the petroleum reserves are getting depleted, so sooner or later humans must make more use of non-fossil alternative energy. An example is solar energy whose availability will never run out. There...
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... The Sun is a tremendous renewable clean and free source of energy as long as there are non-fused hydrogen ions ready for nuclear fusion in its core [1]. This source of energy can be easily utilized for electricity generation via photovoltaic systems, industrial and domestic solar heating systems, concentrating solar plants using high temperature water evaporation at approximately 600-700 °C, and production of green hydrogen [2]. Every day that humankind does not use the available solar energy worldwide causes damage to the environment and thus, potentially harms everyone on the planet. ...
... The parameters of Equation(2). ...
Humans are increasingly required to harvest green solar energy in order to reduce energy bills and save the environment from the excessive use of fossil resources. In this article, the microstructures of both commercial non‑colored anodized Al and commercial blackened anodized Al were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy in order to interpret the results of their use as solar absorbing surfaces. Microscopic examination showed that the thickness of the anodization layers of the non-colored anodized Al and the blackened anodized Al were approximately 11 µm and 14 µm, respectively, and they were perfectly adhered to the mother Al. The corrosion rate of all studied Al surfaces was investigated using the potentiodynamic polarization technique in 3.5% NaCl as the corrosive medium. The blackened anodized Al surface exhibited the highest corrosion resistance, which made it the best surface for solar heating systems. Moreover, raw Al, matte black painted Al, and blackened anodized Al were tested as selective surfaces for solar radiation in different weather conditions. Our results demonstrated the superiority of the blackened anodized Al in terms of the ability to absorb solar radiation, in addition to its higher corrosion resistance properties. In experimental testing, temperature values higher than 90 °C were reached several times. A gain of an extra 5 °C was achieved when using a double-glazed cover in comparison with a single-glazed setup. In conclusion, we highly recommend using a commercial blackened anodized Al surface to manufacture solar absorbing heaters, owing to its similarity in solar radiation absorptivity with the commercial matte black painted Al, excellent corrosion resistance, superior endurance upon long-term exposure to solar radiation, light weight, low price, and availability. Additionally, the light reflectance % test demonstrated the characteristics of the used solar selective surfaces.
