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The authors present the mycocoenological characteristics of selected localities situated near magnesite plants in Central Slovakia. 24 researched plots were situated in the Slovenské rudohorie Mts (Revúcka vrchovina highland) in 4 degradation stages: A – pollution crust slope with almost no vegetation, B – deforested slopes with grassland vegetatio...
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... Teprve další sezóny ukážou, nakolik životaschopnou populace druhu na lokalitě skutečně je. Nicméně pravidelné monitorování stanoviště v době před uve denou rekonstrukcí dokládá, že určitá míra přirozené eutrofizace stojatých vod, které následně stanovištěm protékají, není překážkou pro prosperující populaci vodničky potoční -zdroje uvádějí, že bahnitý sediment na dně nádrže rybníka dosahoval hloubky až 90 cm a zabíral bezmála polovinu objemu nádrže (Správa NP Podyjí 2021a V herbáři PRC je tedy uložen jediný recentní sběr z Čech a naše nálezy pak znamenají vůbec první doložený výskyt druhu na Moravě; na Slovensku byla kornice nejlysejší poprvé sbírána v roce 2013 (Mihál et al. 2015). Druh však může být pře hlížen -jednak pro nevelké rozměry apotecií, která v teplém a suchém období mohou rychle sesychat, ale zejména nelze vyloučit, že se plodnice objevují na ještě připo jených odumřelých větvích vysoko v korunách stojících stromů; ostatně Kotlaba na schedě položky PRM 816786 explicitně uvádí "ad ramos in corona Carpini betuli". ...
Článek představuje první část publikace shrnující nálezová data sběrů a prvonálezů některých vzácnějších, méně známých či pravděpodobně přehlížených druhů vřeckovýtrusých hub v národním parku Podyjí z let 2017 až 2021 a týká se druhů ze skupin voskovičkoplodých (Leotiomycetes) a tvrdohub (Sordariomycetes). Jsou diskutovány ekologické nároky uváděných taxonů a údaje z relevantních literárních a herbářových zdrojů jsou srovnány s vlastními poznatky z terénu. U druhů s ojedinělým výskytem na území ČR – Encoelia glaberrima a Spathularia rufa – a také u druhů, které jsou nacházeny častěji, ale bývají zřídka dokladovány – Sclerencoelia fraxinicola a Illosporiopsis christiansenii – jsou pak prezentovány přehledy exsikátů uložených v nejvýznamnějších veřejných i soukromých herbářích v ČR.
(The paper presents the first part of a publication summarising records of collections and first finds of some rare, less known, or hitherto probably overlooked ascomycetes in the Podyjí National Park in the years 2017–2021, dealing with species of the Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes groups. The ecological requirements of the mentioned taxa are discussed, and information from relevant literary and herbarium sources are compared with knowledge gained during the field research. For species with a rare occurrence in the Czech Republic, i.e. Encoelia glaberrima and Spathularia rufa, and also for species found more often but rarely documented, i.e. Sclerencoelia fraxinicola and Illosporiopsis christiansenii, overviews of exsiccates deposited in the main public and private herbaria in the Czech Republic are presented.)
... Alkaline solutions formed by the reaction of alkaline emissions with air humidity also directly harm the leaves and bark of plants (Machín & Navas 2000). Indirect damage to vegetation includes anthropogenic alkalinisation of soil with alkaline dust fallout, leading to the unavailability of macro-and micro-nutrients (Yang et al., 2012;Wang et al., 2015a) and thus decreased biological activity and diversity (Kautz et al., 2001;Mihál et al., 2015). In closer surroundings of magnesite processing plants, considerable deposition of Mg-rich, alkaline dust has led to the collapse of indigenous plant communities. ...
... Later it was reported again on the same plant host by Fuckel [ 2 ]. In the following years, new records from other localities in the northern hemisphere were published, found on the same or similar trees or shrubs [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], suggesting that this species might be present in Eastern Europe. In the present work, putative findings of Nectria decora from Bulgaria are studied in order to confirm this idea. ...
... The examined specimens represent the easternmost European findings of N. decora growing on M. anomia in twigs of black locust (Fig. 3). Previous records of N. decora growing with M. anomia have been reported only from North America (USA) [ 3 ] and Europe (Austria and Slovakia) [ 9,13 ]. Nectria decora is considered a rare species [ 13 ], for a long time known in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United States, and more recently found in Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Switzerland [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] ]. ...
... Previous records of N. decora growing with M. anomia have been reported only from North America (USA) [ 3 ] and Europe (Austria and Slovakia) [ 9,13 ]. Nectria decora is considered a rare species [ 13 ], for a long time known in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United States, and more recently found in Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Switzerland [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] ]. ...
... Macromycetes are considered to be significant bioindicators of alkaline emissions, as their diversity decreases with the increasing pollution gradient. Values of the ectomycorrhizal potential rapidly decreased in the areas most polluted by magnesite dust (Cicák et al. 1999(Cicák et al. , 2011Mihál et al. 2015). Ectomycorrhizal fungi are sensitive to soil pH. ...
... Alkaline dust deposition leads to the damage of mycorrhizae in soil (Haapala et al. 1996(Haapala et al. , 2001. The values of ectomycorrhizal potential in a research area has been reported by Mihál et al. (2015). An increase of ectomycorrhizal potential values from 0.0 in stage A (without any symbiotic macromycetes), 0.08 in stage B (only one symbiotic species) to 0.45 in stage C and 0.56 in stage D documents the increase in frequency of ectomycorrhizal species from stages A to D. The most frequently occuring ectomycorrhizal species in the area were Cortinarius orellanus, Inocybe asterospora, I. erubescens, I. rimosa, Paxillus involutus, Russula amoenolens, Tricholoma pardalotum, T. scalpturatum. ...
... An increase of macromycete species richness in the emission stages C and D can be associated mainly with high levels of tree cover (low amount of transmitted direct solar radiation), and in this context with trees as ectomycorrhizal partners for ectomycorrhizal fungal species. There was a trend of increasing of woody species from A to D stages (as seen in the discussion of vascular plants below), as well as with the amount of litter and optimal humification process in the soil (for fungal saprotrophs), which in the case of magnesite factories in Lubeník and Jelšava was confirmed by Cicák et al. (1999) and Mihál et al. (2015). ...
We aimed to identify how the alkaline dust fallout from magnesite factories (Slovenské rudohorie Mts, Western Carpathians) affects biodiversity and species composition of oak-hornbeam forests, and to compare sensitivity of local biodiversity represented by vascular plants (including flowering plants and ferns) and cryptogams (cyanobacteria, macromycetes, slime molds, lichens, bryophytes). Altogether 24 plots were sampled along four degradation stages during the vegetation seasons 2011–2016: A – poorly developed vegetation on the magnesite crust, B – dense grassland vegetation almost without a tree-layer, C – degraded woodland with opened canopy, and D – visually unaffected original closed-canopy woodland. For each plot we sampled phytocoenological relevés including vascular plants and terrestrial cryptogams (cyanobacteria, lichens and bryophytes), and presence records for epiphytic lichens, epiphytic bryophytes, sporocarps of macromycetes (terrestrial, saprotrophic, parasitic and ectomycorrizal) and sporocarps of slime molds. We also analyzed concentrations of C, Ca, Mg, S, N, P, K in the soil, light conditions, bark pH and the distance from two emission sources (ES). Increased alkaline dust, corresponding to a smaller distance from the emission source correlated with higher concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, S, C/N in soil samples. Regressive succession converted oak-hornbeam woodland to degraded woodland with opened canopy, further to ruderal grasslands, then to halophilous procoenoses of Agrostis stolonifera and Puccinellia distans on degraded soils with eroded magnesite crust and biocrusts (formed by cyanobacteria Microcoleus steenstrupii, Nostoc microscopicum and Schizothrix arenaria; bryophytes Desmatodon cernuus, Didymodon tophaceus; pioneer terrestrial lichen Thelidium zwackhii) and finally into habitat with no vegetation. This is the first report on early successional stages with halophilous procoenoses in the Western Carpathians. We also recorded significant differences in species richness and the species pools in all organism groups along the gradient. Overall species diversity decreased. The degradation stages are characterized by low representation of symbiotic macromycetes and by a high proportion of saprotrophic macromycetes. The highest species richness of vascular plants was recorded in degradation stages B and C, the highest herb-layer cover in stage B. The highest species richness of terrestrial bryophytes is also found in dense grassland vegetation in stage B. Occurrence of nitrophilous epiphytic lichens differentiates unaffected oak-hornbeam woodlands from the plots close to the emission source.
... Aluminium ions (Al 3+ ) play a significant role in biogeocenosis, where acid fluorine pollutants are concentrated, such as the soils around the aluminium plant. From our previous work at Žiar locality [36] and other works [37], it is known that Al 3+ chelates, which are especially toxic to mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi, were released from the soil in the forests near the aluminium plant. Low representation of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests under the impact of magnesite-type immissions was also found in Slovakia [37,38]. ...
... From our previous work at Žiar locality [36] and other works [37], it is known that Al 3+ chelates, which are especially toxic to mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi, were released from the soil in the forests near the aluminium plant. Low representation of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests under the impact of magnesite-type immissions was also found in Slovakia [37,38]. Only one ectomycorrhizal species was found in the worst degradation zone A, and 23 species of ones were found in the least attacked degradation zone D. The ectomycorrhizal potential values ranged from 0.0 in stage A to 0.56 in stage D [37,38]. ...
... Low representation of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests under the impact of magnesite-type immissions was also found in Slovakia [37,38]. Only one ectomycorrhizal species was found in the worst degradation zone A, and 23 species of ones were found in the least attacked degradation zone D. The ectomycorrhizal potential values ranged from 0.0 in stage A to 0.56 in stage D [37,38]. ...
The potential impact of acidic fluorine type of pollutants on the dynamics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stem bark and crown disease was investigated between 2004 (2007) and 2014 in three mature beech stands in Central Europe. The localities were 1.5 km, 7 km and 18 km from the pollution source: an aluminium plant. A decrease of necrotic disease with the increasing distance from the pollution source was revealed. Necrotization was highest nearest to the pollution source. The significance of the impact of necrotic disease was confirmed for the 2nd and 3rd tree classes. Necrotization was quantified using the indices of stem necrotization (ISN), crown necrotization (ICN) and necrotization of whole tree (IWTN). Over the period 2004 (2007)–2014, the values of ISN, ICN and IWTN decreased at all three localities. Significant positive relationships were found between the necrotization of the crown and stem of the same tree at all localities (Spearman’s correlation analyses R = 0.764; 0.597 and 0.755, P = 0.001; 0.01 and 0.001). Accordingly, the trees suffered from the necrotic damage at all parts in relation to their current health state.
... Later it was reported again on the same plant host by Fuckel [ 2 ]. In the following years, new records from other localities in the northern hemisphere were published, found on the same or similar trees or shrubs [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], suggesting that this species might be present in Eastern Europe. In the present work, putative findings of Nectria decora from Bulgaria are studied in order to confirm this idea. ...
... The examined specimens represent the easternmost European findings of N. decora growing on M. anomia in twigs of black locust (Fig. 3). Previous records of N. decora growing with M. anomia have been reported only from North America (USA) [ 3 ] and Europe (Austria and Slovakia) [ 9,13 ]. Nectria decora is considered a rare species [ 13 ], for a long time known in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United States, and more recently found in Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Switzerland [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] ]. ...
... Previous records of N. decora growing with M. anomia have been reported only from North America (USA) [ 3 ] and Europe (Austria and Slovakia) [ 9,13 ]. Nectria decora is considered a rare species [ 13 ], for a long time known in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United States, and more recently found in Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Switzerland [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] ]. ...
New records of Nectria decora from the Forebalkan region, associated with Massaria anomia on dead twigs of Robinia pseudoacacia, are reported. A biological connection between N. decora and Fusarium lateritium is reported, supported by the morphologic, cultural and genetic characterization of F. lateritium isolates.
Over the past 90 years, anthropogenic degradation of soil caused by alkaline, magnesium‐rich dust deposit has presented a serious problem near magnesite processing factories in Jelšava and in Lubeník (Slovakia). The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and biological soil properties in 14 sampling sites at different distances from factories, and based on the results, to propose further use of affected land. Results revealed that the available Mg 3–68 fold exceeded very high content for medium‐textured soils at all grassland sampling sites, and areas close factory contained up to 14,366–17,394 mg kg‐1. Higher excess of available Mg caused significant increase of soil pH (up to 9.39) and worsened the conditions for the growth of vegetation. As a result, lower stock of labile soil organic carbon (501–961 mg kg‐1) with consequently weaker enzymatic activity occurred. Therefore, enrichment by organic matter provides a measure to support the biological activity of soil. The content of monitored heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni) was not related to Mg and did not influence the enzymatic activity of soil. Because alkaline emissions have decreased by 99.8% since 1970, the application of classical measures (mechanical removal of the Mg‐rich crust, incorporation of gypsum and manure to the soil), or newer methods (growing of Mg hyper‐accumulating plants) can offer more lasting positive effects than those of 50 years ago. This study concluded alkaline dust as main factor affecting soil degradation. Nevertheless, natural origin of Mg from Mg‐parent rocks should be accounted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Numerous factors have caused a high degree of biodiversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Amongst them are different climate effects, complex orography, complex geological substrate, and the mosaic of soils. The first factor for the diversity of mountain meadows in our country is the diversity of rocks which causes different pH value of the soil on their habitats. The second factor for the differentiation of mountain meadows is their position on the vertical profile, what divides them into the alpine and the sub-Alpine meadows. The third factor for the diversity is the biogeographical affiliation within a certain group of Dinaric Alps in Bosnia-Herzegovina on the horizontal profile. The diversity of Eco climate has supported high and still well-preserved diversity of genetic resources contained in fruits. High diversity of genetic resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina is contained in a great number of original animal breeds and plants
