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... The Electronic Product Code (EPC) -designed to provide a unique identifier for each object. As shown in Figure 1, the EPC typically consists of four segments of binary digits identifying: (a) version of the EPC code, (b) manufacturer company, (c) type of the product and (d) serial number of the product. ...
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... A software platform was built for holonic manufacturing systems by agent technology (Cossentino M. et al. 2007). An agent-based control system was suggested to solve industrial cases by using RFID technology in real-time programmable logic controller based manufacturing systems (Vrba P. 2008). ...
In this paper a fuzzy decision-making method is proposed to make local decisions in case of breakdown occurring in a context of product-driven systems. To cope with breakdown uncertainty, three parameters, α, β and γ are created to evaluate the impact of it. Further, a fuzzy rule based on a membership function is designed to switch between centralized and distributed decisions concerning the re-arranging of the remaining parts. Simulation results show that appropriate decisions could be made by the proposed fuzzy decision-making method with certain suitable parameters. This method was applied on an existing industrial case; it can be easily extended to make decision for breakdown events in other contexts.
... As a result of these studies, other applications have been designed using a low standard in dynamic reconfiguration [10, 11], security management [12], and validation of systems [13]. Is that how come a range of intelligent distributed control applications in real time, that manage to involve mechanisms such as motors [14], cooling [15], RFID [16] identification, and holonic military applications [17], among other [7]. ...
The design of Automation and Control Systems shows a consolidated tendency towards what has been called Distributed Intelligence. This concept has proven to be appropriate to meet the current requirements imposed on production systems, aimed at optimizing the agility to respond to disturbances and productive environment; and enhance the reconfigurability of control systems and processes. Within the theoretical conceptions of the emergent Intelligent Automation, such as Agents, the Holonic Systems, Fractal Manufacturing stand above the rest. The theoretical concept should lead to availability of technological tools that enable its implementation. According to the previous idea, the IEC 61499 standard has been established approaches from intelligent distributed components. This comes as standard programming method that will surely pass the current forms of algorithm design for programmable logic controllers, whose languages are normalized by traditional IEC 61131-3. This paper aims to show how the recent standard is compatible with the adoption of new paradigms of automation, and illustrate the concepts of distributed intelligence and autonomy that could be implemented through algorithms with new structures of Function Blocks, compiled on some programmable controllers such as PLC.
... Ils suggèrent aussi les tags à utiliser. [Jakkhupan et al., 2010], [Ko et al., 2011], [Sundaram et al., 2010], [Ilic et al., 2007], [Guo et al., 2009], [Chen et al., 2010], [Vrba et al., 2008] et [Gonzalez et al., 2006] décrivent dans leurs contribution les relations entre les données récoltées par la technologie RFID et les systèmes d'information des entreprises. ...
... [Ilic et al., 2007] introduisent le concept de contrôle d'accès aux données qui sont partagées entre les entreprises. [Guo et al., 2009], [Chen et al., 2010], [Vrba et al., 2008] présentent des méthodes reliant les lecteurs RFID à la base de données d'une entreprise, le stockage des données ainsi que leur transfert. [Gonzalez et al., 2006] décrivent la manipulation et l'interprétation des masses de données présentées par la technologie RFID, ils proposent aussi un modèle pour le stockage et la compression de ces données. ...
... With this work as a basis, IEC 61499 FBs have been used at the device level for dynamic reconfiguration [12], [13], safety management [14], and system validation [15]. This work, and parallel work on the application of MAS has led to range of industrial applications of real-time distributed control [16] such as DaimlerChrysler's holonic control implementation for engine assembly [17], Rockwell Automation's design of a reconfigurable ship-based chilled-water system [18]- [20], the integration of radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems [21], and applications to municipal water systems [22] and military platforms [23], [24]. Despite a considerable amount of recent work on distributed real-time intelligent control systems, some key challenges remain. ...
Distributed intelligent control involves matching the control model more closely with the physical system. This is particularly relevant to industrial control systems that are required to control widely distributed devices in an environment that is prone to disruptions. Although considerable work has been conducted on the application of agent technology to the upper levels of manufacturing control (e.g., scheduling, planning, supply chain management, enterprise integration), the application of these techniques to the physical level of control where real-time constraints are prevalent is relatively new. This paper provides background on the work in this area, discusses key research themes in developing real-time distributed intelligent control systems for industrial applications, and concludes by sharing thoughts about the future prospects in this area.
... With this work as a basis, IEC 61499 function blocks have been used at the device level for dynamic reconfiguration [10; 11], safety management [12], and system validation [13]. This has led to range of industrial applications of real time distributed control such as DaimlerChrysler's holonic control implementation for engine assembly [14], Rockwell Automation's design of a reconfigurable ship-based chilledwater system [15], the integration of RFID (radio frequency identification) systems [16], and recent work on the use of holonic systems for military applications such as sensor management [17]. When agent technology is applied to physical devices, system design and analysis are of utmost concern given real time and safety issues at this level of control. ...
The current trend in automation and control research has been toward "intelligent" systems that are intended to adapt quickly to change while providing extensibility through a modular, distributed design. The key to integration of these systems lies in their control software; however the main barrier to flexibility lies in the difficulties associated with the development of this software. In this paper, we look at the basic requirements for this next generation of automation and control systems and introduce a new software tool that is based on the IEC 61499 standard that is intended to address the issue of software development.
Urban traffic congestion has become a global problem and has garnered special importance in recent years in the transportation sector, especially in taxi markets. To unlock the potential of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it was vital to make efficiency measurements. In this study, Distance Formula was built to calculate distances by GPS data based on mathematical equations, and Motorcade-Sharing (MS) Model was proposed to improve the efficiency of collaborative vehicles. The experimental data of 2191 GPS-equipped taxis in Sanya of China was adopted to make comparisons between original results and modelled results. Measurement results showed that MS Model had 10.54% more leisure taxis, reduced 5 overdriving taxis, and saved 33.73% running distance in total compared to the original. This indicated that the application of MS Model could not only alleviate urban traffic congestion but also optimize urban taxi markets, and it has a bright future in the field of taxi and other collaborative vehicles. Future directions could be improving MS Model and expanding data.
Industry 4.0 describes future workpieces would be smart. They can control the individual stages of their production semiautonomously through negotiation with production resources. To this end, RFID is introduced into machining processes. The current applications of radio frequency identification mainly include two approaches: one is data-on-network approach which centrally stores workpiece-related data on network; another is data-on-tag approach, which stores the data on RFID tag. Data-on-network approach cannot adapt to flexible automated production lines, which require decentralized control system for flexible process and rapid response, and data-on-tag approach makes RFID tag store large amounts of data, which would result in slow data reading and writing problems. For solving this problem, a hybrid-data-on-tag approach is proposed. The on-tag data contains the basic machining information and the index of further machining information which is stored in the backend database. Based on the hybrid-data-on-tag approach, the control node model of decentralized control system and the corresponding cyber-physical systems architecture of flexible manufacturing shop floors are presented. Furthermore, a multi-agent-based decentralized control system is used to describe the communication of smart workpieces with production resources during their production procedures. Finally, a small-scale flexible automated production line is taken as an example to illustrate the utility of hybrid-data-on-tag approach.
The main objective of this chapter is to highlight some new productdriven system issues. Several effective options have been proposed that allow products or objects to react to environmental modifications, especially in the manufacturing and logistics contexts considered in the current study. At present, bio-inspired approaches are particularly promising. These new methods allow products to respond to the information that they collect. This is why techniques that facilitate the exploitation and organization of data are necessary. The main objective of this chapter is addressed in the second section, where we highlight why learning machines may be viewed as a new way of transforming data into useful knowledge.
This paper presents an on-line radio frequency identification (RFID)-based facility performance monitoring (ORFPM) system. This system supports the implementation of Lean production in a small manufacturing facility. This system uses wireless monitoring via RFID to automatically generate a real-time value stream map (VSM) using computer-aided programming. Creating the VSM automatically saves time, reduces errors, and makes the VSM more visible to supervisors at any time. This up-to-date information allows supervisors to make more accurate, real-time shop floor decisions. The results of this study indicate that the ORFPM system can successfully track performance variations when production has low time consumption requirements and is labor intensive. Several Lean improvement suggestions are also proposed based on the collected data from the ORFPM system.
RÉSUMÉ. L'objectif essentiel de cet article est de présenter, dans un premier temps, assez largement les nouvelles avancées dans le domaine des systèmes contrôlés par les produits. En effet diverses voies sont désormais ouvertes qui montrent l'avantage de donner aux objets (en particulier pour ce travail, dans le contexte de systèmes de production et de logistique) des capacités de réaction face aux modifications de leur environnement. Les approches bio-inspirées se sont montrées à ce jour, prometteuses pour régir le comportement de ceux-ci. Toutes les voies ouvertes conduisent à mettre les produits, les objets, en action en fonction des informations qu'ils perçoivent. Les données extraites du système physique dans lequel ces produits évoluent sont donc plus que jamais importantes. Les techniques permettant d'exploiter ces données brutes pour mettre à disposition des informations organisées et contextualisées sont donc nécessaires. Nous montrons alors, dans une deuxième partie, en quoi les machines d'apprentissage, dans ce contexte, ont trouvé un rôle nouveau. ABSTRACT. The main objective of this paper is to highlight, in a first time, all the new works relative to Product Driven Systems. Effectively, several possibilities have today proposed to give to products or objects capacities to react to environment modifications (especially in manufacturing and logistics context here). Bio-inspired approaches are now promising. All these new perspectives, lead putting products in action, according to information received. Data coming from physical system are then extremely important. That's why all technics leading to exploit and organize them are necessary. We highlight, in a second part, why learning machines can have a new role for that. MOTS-CLÉS : Systèmes contrôlés par les produits, systèmes vivants, machines d'apprentissage.
