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Electron micrograph of gastric mucosa. (A) A magnified part of the chief cell of the gastric mucosa of control negative rat group showing regular, intact nucleus (N), mitochondria (M), free ribosomes (R) and intact rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). (B) An electron miocrograph of surface mucous cell (Sm) of the gastric mucosa of ulcer model rat showing irregular picknotic nucleus (N), fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), and mitochondria (M). (C) An electron micrograph of chief cell (cc) of the gastric mucosa of a Pantoloc Ò treated rat showing regular, rounded, intact nucleus (N), numerous apical zymogen granules (z), well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and lumen of the gastric gland are obviously shown (L). (D) An electron micrograph of the surface mucous cell of the gastric mucosa of a stem cell treated rat showing normal intact nucleus (N) and numerous mucous granules at its apical part (Mg).
Source publication
The current study aimed to assess the antiulcerogenic impact of mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (BMMSCs) against gastric ulcer induced by the use of piroxicam in rats and to compare this effect with the antiulcer drug “Pantoloc ®” proton pump inhibitors. The study included histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural exam...
Contexts in source publication
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... the examination of semi-thin sections ( Fig. 4) and TEM ( Fig. 5), we found that control rat 's stomach stained with toluidine blue showed normal cell appearance (Fig. 4A, B). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric gland revealed normal structure of different cells covering the gastric mucosa and lining the glands. The chief cells showing regular, intact nucleus, normal mitochondria, free ...
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... normal cell appearance (Fig. 4A, B). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric gland revealed normal structure of different cells covering the gastric mucosa and lining the glands. The chief cells showing regular, intact nucleus, normal mitochondria, free ribosomes, intact rough endoplasmic reticulum and apical zymogenic secretory granules (Fig. 5A). Semi-thin section of an ulcer model rat's gastric mucosa showed mild degeneration in surface mucous cells, nearly normal appearance of neck mucous cells with mucous granules at their apex, and isthmus parietal cells are also seen with karyolitic nuclei and karyohexis among some other parietal cells (Fig. 4C, D). The ultrastructure ...
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... mucous granules at their apex, and isthmus parietal cells are also seen with karyolitic nuclei and karyohexis among some other parietal cells (Fig. 4C, D). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric glands revealed slight degeneration in surface mucous cells with irregular picnotic nucleus, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria (Fig. 5B). Semi-thin section of the gastric mucosa of a Pantoloc Ò drug treated rats showed more or less improvement in the surface mucous cells with gastric pits in between and approximately normal neck mucous cells with mucus granules at the apical region and chief cells appeared with zymogen granules at the apex (Fig. 4E, F). The ...
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... mucous cells with mucus granules at the apical region and chief cells appeared with zymogen granules at the apex (Fig. 4E, F). The ultrastructure examination of gastric gland revealed more or less normal chief cells with regular, rounded, intact nucleus, numerous apical zymogen granules and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum is also shown (Fig. 5C). Semi-thin section of the stomach mucosa of rats treated with stem cells revealed normal appearance and intact surface mucosal cells with stomach pits in between and intact parietal cells in the isthmus area (Fig. 4G, H). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric glands revealed intact surface mucous cells with oval nucleus and ...
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... mucosa of rats treated with stem cells revealed normal appearance and intact surface mucosal cells with stomach pits in between and intact parietal cells in the isthmus area (Fig. 4G, H). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric glands revealed intact surface mucous cells with oval nucleus and intensive mucous granules at the apical part (Fig. ...
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... the examination of semi-thin sections ( Fig. 4) and TEM ( Fig. 5), we found that control rat 's stomach stained with toluidine blue showed normal cell appearance (Fig. 4A, B). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric gland revealed normal structure of different cells covering the gastric mucosa and lining the glands. The chief cells showing regular, intact nucleus, normal mitochondria, free ...
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... normal cell appearance (Fig. 4A, B). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric gland revealed normal structure of different cells covering the gastric mucosa and lining the glands. The chief cells showing regular, intact nucleus, normal mitochondria, free ribosomes, intact rough endoplasmic reticulum and apical zymogenic secretory granules (Fig. 5A). Semi-thin section of an ulcer model rat's gastric mucosa showed mild degeneration in surface mucous cells, nearly normal appearance of neck mucous cells with mucous granules at their apex, and isthmus parietal cells are also seen with karyolitic nuclei and karyohexis among some other parietal cells (Fig. 4C, D). The ultrastructure ...
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... mucous granules at their apex, and isthmus parietal cells are also seen with karyolitic nuclei and karyohexis among some other parietal cells (Fig. 4C, D). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric glands revealed slight degeneration in surface mucous cells with irregular picnotic nucleus, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria (Fig. 5B). Semi-thin section of the gastric mucosa of a Pantoloc Ò drug treated rats showed more or less improvement in the surface mucous cells with gastric pits in between and approximately normal neck mucous cells with mucus granules at the apical region and chief cells appeared with zymogen granules at the apex (Fig. 4E, F). The ...
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... mucous cells with mucus granules at the apical region and chief cells appeared with zymogen granules at the apex (Fig. 4E, F). The ultrastructure examination of gastric gland revealed more or less normal chief cells with regular, rounded, intact nucleus, numerous apical zymogen granules and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum is also shown (Fig. 5C). Semi-thin section of the stomach mucosa of rats treated with stem cells revealed normal appearance and intact surface mucosal cells with stomach pits in between and intact parietal cells in the isthmus area (Fig. 4G, H). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric glands revealed intact surface mucous cells with oval nucleus and ...
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... mucosa of rats treated with stem cells revealed normal appearance and intact surface mucosal cells with stomach pits in between and intact parietal cells in the isthmus area (Fig. 4G, H). The ultrastructure examinations of gastric glands revealed intact surface mucous cells with oval nucleus and intensive mucous granules at the apical part (Fig. ...
Citations
... Furthermore, there is evidence supporting the colonization of MSCs at sites of injured gastrointestinal mucosa, actively participating in the process of tissue repair [20,21]. Local injection of MSCs was also found to facilitate the healing of gastric ulcers [22]. MSCs, when administered via the rat tail vein, are capable of circulating through the bloodstream and reaching various organs and tissues. ...
... Tissues were then dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Full-thickness sections (5 µm) were prepared and then stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to evaluate gastric histological damage and stained with periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) to evaluate mucosal glycoprotein production as described previously (2). Sections were photographed using a Nikon Eclipse E200 microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). ...
... H+/K+-ATPase is a key enzyme in gastric acid production and promotes the overproduction of gastric juice and resulting gastric injury directly (38). In this study, alcohol induced an increase in the activity of H+/K+-ATPase (Fig. 2a) and a reduce in Muc1 and Muc6 mRNA expression (Fig. 2b) and mucosal glycoprotein production (Fig. 1d), which was consistent with previous research reports (2,38). Efm pretreatment can protect the stomach from ethanol damage by recovering H+/K+-ATPase activity and Muc1 and Muc6 mRNA expression and mucosal glycoprotein production. ...
Recently, Enterococcus has been shown to have gastric protective functions, and the mechanisms by which Enterococcus modulates gastric function are still being investigated. Herein, we investigated how Enterococcus faecium (Efm) and E. faecium-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (EfmEVs) exert protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury by investigating the effect of EfmEVs on gastric mucosal ulcer scoring, histological lesion, mucosal glycoprotein production, acidity, anti-oxidative function, and inflammatory responses in rat. Pretreatment with Efm showed significant reduction of ethanol-induced gastric injury, as evidenced by the lowering of ulcer index, histological lesion, gastric pH, and inflammatory responses and the enhancement of mucosal glycoprotein production and anti-oxidative function. Further functional studies on three bioactive components [inactivated Efm, EfmEVs (EVs), and EV-free supernatants] of the bacterial culture showed that EVs are mostly responsible for the gastroprotective effect. Moreover, EV secretion is beneficial for the gastroprotective effect of Efm. Hence, EVs mediated the protective effect of Efm against ethanol-induced gastric injury by lowering inflammatory responses and enhancing anti-oxidative function and may be a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative strategy to alleviate hyperinflammatory gastrointestinal tract conditions.
IMPORTANCE
This study indicated that Enterococcus faecium provided a protective effect against rat gastric injury, which involved improvement of the mucosal glycoprotein production, anti-oxidative function, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we confirmed that three bioactive components (inactivated Efm, extracellular vesicles, and EV-free supernatants) of E. faecium culture also contributed to the gastroprotective effect. Importantly, E. faecium-derived EVs showed an effective impact for the gastroprotective effect.
... 3) Group III (PBMC group): Ten rats were injected with PBMC (1×10 7 ) suspended in 0.5 ml PBS once intravenously via tail vein 24 hours after ZON administration as in group II and were sacrificed 2 weeks after PBMC injection [38]. ...
The world has witnessed tremendous advancements in nano-base applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) are widely used in food industry and medicine. Although their application is of important value, they may cause toxicity to body tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proved its efficacy in tissue regeneration especially when it is preconditioned by activated platelet supernatant (APS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ZON on the gastric mucosa and the therapeutic role of the PBMCs preconditioned by APS in rats. Ten rats were donors and fifty rats were recipients. The recipients were divided into; control group, ZON group (10 mg/kg/day orally for five days) and preconditioned PBMCs group (1×107 once intravenously 24 hours after ZON). Gastric specimens were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies. ZON group showed marked structural changes in the gastric mucosa. There was desquamation or deep ulceration of the epithelium. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei were in glandular cells. Reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen and increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha were in epithelial cells. There were significant elevation in malondialdahyde and reduction in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Enhancement in mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-beta and cyclooxygenase-2 was detected. The preconditioned PBMCs group showed significant improvement of all parameters. So, ZON had cytotoxic effects on the gastric mucosa and the preconditioned PBMCs had a therapeutic effect on gastric mucosal damage after ZON.
... To be specific, the secretome from hypoxia-conditioned AD-MSCs could promote the healing of gastric ulcers by enhancing angiogenesis, re-epithelization, and activating the COX2-PGE2 axis through the CCL-20 factor. In another study, bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) were used to assess the antiulcerogenic impact of against gastric ulcers induced by the use of piroxicam in rats [9]. This study suggests that BM-MSCs have the therapeutic ability to cure ulcers because of their high antioxidant activity. ...
Chronic gastric ulcer (CGU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to have beneficial therapeutic effects in many human diseases. Here, a CGU model induced by acetic acid in mice was used to evaluate the repair effects and potential mechanism of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) and hUC-MSCs derived conditioned medium (hUC-MSC-CM). We found that hUC-MSCs and hUC-MSC-CM treatment significantly repaired morphological characteristics of CGU, improved proliferation and decreased apoptosis of gastric cells, and promoted the generation of new blood vessels in granulation tissues. In addition, we could detect the homing of MSCs in gastric tissue, and MSCs may differentiate into Lgr5-positive cells. As well as this, in vitro experiments showed that hUC-MSC-CM could promote cell proliferation, stimulate cell cycle progression, and reduce the incidence of apoptosis. The transcriptome of cells and the iTRAQ proteome of gastric tissues suggest that MSCs may play a therapeutic role by increasing the expression of TRIM29. Additionally, it was found that knocking down TRIM29 significantly decreased the ameliorative effects of hUC-MSC-CM on cell apoptosis. As a result of further molecular experiments, it was found that TRIM29 is capable of phosphorylating Erk/Akt in specific cell type. As a whole, it appears that hUC-MSCs can be an effective therapeutic approach for promoting gastric ulcer healing and may exert therapeutic effects in the form of paracrine and differentiation into gastric cells.
... Pyknosis and vacuolation were observed within the parietal cells of the isthmus region of the gastric mucosa layer during the study. The findings presented here are consistent with prior histology research documented by (Alazzouni, et al., 2020;Beck, et al., 2000). (Adhikary, et al., 2011). ...
Introduction: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a well-known fruit that grows in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In this study, we wanted to find out how pomegranate juice (POMJ) affected rats with gastric ulcers caused by standard drugs. Indomethacin is the most common drug causes gastric ulcer also, most of the NSAID drugs have harmful side effects, so studies have focused on finding an alternative natural solution. Methods: In this study, 25 male albino rats were used and were split into four groups of five rats each. These groups were called control, pomegranate, indomethacin, and standard. The examination took one week to complete. Indomethacin saline suspension (100 mg/kg rat weight) caused gastric ulcers. Pomegranate peel juice (5-10%) reduced stomach ulcer area and ulcer index, gastric juice volume, and acidity. Pomegranate juice restores stomach mucus content and tissue at the histological level. Results: Rats that were given indomethacin and then given pomegranate juice were significantly less likely to get a gastric ulcer. It also lowered the ulcer index to 0.7093±0.36 showing that 52.25 % prevention. Conclusion: The study's macroscopical and microscopical results showed that pomegranate juice might be able to reduce the ulceration caused by indomethacin in a rat model. Pomegranate as a protective food supplement against gastric ulcers.
... The ability of MSCs to stimulate tissue regeneration and suppress inflammatory processes gives hope for their successful therapeutic use in gastric ulcer disease, which is one of the most pressing gastroenterological problems due to its widespread prevalence and incurability. It has been shown that MSC transplantation to experimental animals with ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa improves healing of the defect by reducing inflammatory infiltration and enhancing re-epithelialization and neovascularization (Hayashi et al., 2008;Xia et al., 2019;Alazzouni et al., 2020). A similar effect is exerted by the introduction of MSC conditioned medium into the damaged area . ...
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising resource for cell therapy of different organs and systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Therapeutic effect of MSC transplantation in GIT diseases may be partly due to their differentiation into various cellular components of the digestive tube. However, more significant is regulatory influence of MSCs on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of the gastric and intestinal epithelial cells, as well as their immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic and antifibrotic effects. Data from experiments on animals and clinical trials indicate prospect of using MSCs in various diseases affecting any parts of GIT. However, effective and safe clinical use of MSCs requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms of their therapeutic effect, the development of optimal methods of administration, and risk assessment of adverse effects. This review analyzes MSC participation in regeneration of GIT and systematizes data on the potential of using MSCs in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases.
... The expression of COX-2 was up-regulated in the indomethacintreated mice, but down-regulated in the EGb 761-treated and pre-treated groups. This strong immunoreactivity to COX-2 in the ulcer model group was consistent with other studies [78,79]. EGb 761 therapy was found to suppress COX-2 expression in several studies, which were linked to its anti-inflammatory activity [80][81][82]. ...
... Increased expression of PCNA in the stomach occurred in samples of indomethacininduced gastric ulcerations, while its expression declined markedly in the EGb 761 pretreated and treated groups. Gastric ulcers generated in the stomachs of rats by piroxicam administration demonstrated the degeneration of surface mucous cells as well as intense immunoreactivity to COX-2 and PCNA [79]. The PCNA expression was substantially higher in cases of gastritis and helicobacter pylori infection [14]. ...
... Regarding the impact of EGb 761 on PCNA expression, Chao and Chu [55] found that G. biloba extract can significantly suppress PCNA expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The mild to moderate immunoreactivity to PCNA on EGb761 administration could be explained by EGb 761's capacity to regenerate damaged tissues and normalise the proliferative process following re-epithelialization, differentiation, and effectiveness in healing gastric ulcers [79,86]. ...
The main bioactive constituents in the standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) are the terpene lactones and flavonoid glycosides. EGb 761’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have previously been demonstrated. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers have a multifactorial etiology and represent a major restriction to its therapeutic utility. The underlying ulcerogenic process involves oxidative and inflammatory biomolecular insults. This study was performed to explore the curative and preventative benefits of EGb 761 in experimentally-induced ulcers. To develop gastric ulcers in mice, indomethacin (40 mg/kg) was administered orally. EGb 761 (200 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days before (preventative) and after (therapeutic) indomethacin administration. The histological alterations and macroscopic mucosal lesions were assessed. In gastric tissue homogenates, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytokines, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the stomach mucosa were also investigated. The ulcer index, histological alterations, gastric oxidants, and inflammatory biomarkers were all significantly increased by indomethacin. In stomach specimens, it increased COX-2 and PCNA expression. EGb 761 treatments, both prophylactic and therapeutic, resulted in significant reductions in ulcer lesions, nitrosative and oxidative damage, and inflammatory markers, along with the lowering of COX-2 and PCNA expressions. Furthermore, in the fight against stomach ulcers, EGb 761 treatment was found to be more efficient than prevention.
... Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is featured by haemorrhagic lesions on the gastric mucosa and also in deeper tissue layers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), resulting in the manifestation of clinical symptoms such as gastric ache and heartburning, that could develop into serious gastric bleeding and perforation (Najm 2011). PUD is commonly treated with drugs, including PG analogs, antacids, H 2 -receptor antagonists, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce and/or neutralise gastric acid (Alazzouni et al. 2020). Lipophilic and neutrally charged PPIs are administrated in an "inactive" form that will be activated upon existing in an acidic gastric environment and subsequently bind irreversibly to the proton pump (PP), resulting in its deactivation (Alazzouni et al. 2020). ...
... PUD is commonly treated with drugs, including PG analogs, antacids, H 2 -receptor antagonists, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce and/or neutralise gastric acid (Alazzouni et al. 2020). Lipophilic and neutrally charged PPIs are administrated in an "inactive" form that will be activated upon existing in an acidic gastric environment and subsequently bind irreversibly to the proton pump (PP), resulting in its deactivation (Alazzouni et al. 2020). Because of their potential to target the final step in gastric acid formation, PPIs are regarded as more effective therapeutic agents; for example, Pantoloc® (pentaprazole) targets the gastric PP to decrease or inhibit the acid formation and secretion into the gastric lumen (Van Rensburg & Cheer 2012;Alazzouni et al. 2020). ...
... Lipophilic and neutrally charged PPIs are administrated in an "inactive" form that will be activated upon existing in an acidic gastric environment and subsequently bind irreversibly to the proton pump (PP), resulting in its deactivation (Alazzouni et al. 2020). Because of their potential to target the final step in gastric acid formation, PPIs are regarded as more effective therapeutic agents; for example, Pantoloc® (pentaprazole) targets the gastric PP to decrease or inhibit the acid formation and secretion into the gastric lumen (Van Rensburg & Cheer 2012;Alazzouni et al. 2020). However, long-term use of PPIs might elaborate acute conditions, such as a high rate of gastric ulcer recurrence or intractability and hypergastrinemia (Kangwan et al. 2014); indicating that those therapeutic agents lack complete efficiency. ...
Introduction:
Fruits of Ammi majus, commonly called bishop's weed, contain a significant amount of furanocoumarins. Alloimperatorin (Allo, 6) was isolated from the free coumarin fraction of fruits, beside 8-hydroxypsoralen (1), methoxsalen (2), heraclin (3), isoimperatorin (4), imperatorin (5), isoheraclenin (7) and heraclenin hydrate (8). Piroxicam (Px) is a widely used pain-relieving drug that demonstrated side effects, including gastric ulceration and hepatorenal toxicity.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the protective potential of Alloimperatorin against Px-induced gastric ulceration and hepatorenal toxicity.
Material & methods:
Rats were divided into four groups: Negative control, Px-induced rats, Allo + Px co-treated group, and Pc + Px co-treated group. Allo (25 mg/kg body weight) and Pc (25 mg/kg body weight) treatments were received 5 days before and 4 days after Px intoxication for 4 days (50 mg/kg body weight). Serum prostaglandin E2 (PG-E2) and liver and kidney functions were measured. Oxidative stress markers were evaluated in the three tissues. Histopathological features and caspase-3 immunoexpression were monitored.
Results & discussion:
Px triggered gastric ulceration, increased indices of liver and kidney functions, decreased PG-E2 levels, provoked oxidative stress, and activated caspase-3 immunoexpression. Co-treatment with Allo demonstrated protective activities.
Conclusion:
Alloimperatorin exhibited anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.
... In a study by Alazzouni et al., the antiinflammatory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on piroxicam-induced gastric ulcers in rats was compared with anti-inflammatory drugs such as Pantoloc, which is a proton pump inhibitor. This study showed that BM-MSCs have a therapeutic capacity as anti-ulcers due to high antioxidant activity [98]. In another research, ADMSCs were used in aspirin-induced gastric ulcers. ...
Peptic ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract disorders worldwide, associated with challenges such as refractory morbidity, bleeding, interference with use of anticoagulants, and potential side effects associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors. A peptic ulcer is a defect in gastric or duodenal mucosa extending from muscularis mucosa to deeper layers of the stomach wall. In most cases, ulcers respond to standard treatments. However, in some people, peptic ulcer becomes resistant to conventional treatment or recurs after initially successful therapy. Therefore, new and safe treatments, including the use of stem cells, are highly favored for these patients. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are readily available in large quantities with minimal invasive intervention, and isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASC) produces large amounts of stem cells, which are essential for cell-based and restorative therapies. These cells have high flexibility and can differentiate into several types of cells in vitro. This article will investigate the effects and possible mechanisms and signaling pathways of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with refractory peptic ulcers.
... The examination exhibited pyknosis and vacuolation among parietal cells in the isthmus region of the gastric mucosa layer. These results agree with previous histological ndings reported by(Alazzouni et al. 2020),Avila et al. (1996a),(Sabiu et al. 2015). The NSAIDs induce histological changes in the gastric tissue by inhibiting prostaglandin production, which leads to increased acid levels(Beck et al. 2000). ...
... This result indicated proliferations in the gastric tissue following Brexin application(Polo et al. 2012). A similar result has been reported byAlazzouni et al. (2020), who reported an intensive immunoreactivity to PCNA in rat stomach tissue following Brexin application Pantolo as NSAIDs drug. ...
Background: Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) is known to possess bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, considered among the more potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory sources.
Aims: This study was designed to evaluate PPE activity's protective effect as a natural therapeutic against peptic ulcers induced by Brexin.
Methods: 40 rats were divided into four groups: Control group: ten rats received normal saline treatment; Brexit group: ten rats received a single oral dose of Brexit to induce the stomach ulcer; Antodine group: ten rats received Antodine (50 mg/kg) as a commercial drug for the peptic ulcer treatment once for two weeks following a peptic ulcer; Pomegranate group: ten rats of the group received PPE (43 mg/kg) treatments. Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect histopathological damages in stomach rats in all groups.
Results: The histopathological results showed that PPE treatments following Brexin-induced peptic ulcer ameliorated histological degenerative changes in the gastric glandular. Chief and surface mucous cells that are lining gastric mucosa were regained when compared with the other groups. The histochemical results showed that PPE treatment following ulcer provided an improvement in the secretion and distribution of the polysaccharides in the epithelial cells when compared with the other groups. Also, immunohistochemical results indicated a significant decrease in immunoreactivity of cytokeratin-20, cyclooxygenase-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in epithelial cells of rats in ulcer-model when compared with the other groups.
Conclusion: PPE revealed its antiulcer activity and is recommended as a natural remedy against gastric mucosal injury induced by Brexin.
