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Electrical characterization of the as-produced catalyst-free SWCNTs. Two terminal IV characteristics of (a) semiconducting and (b) metallic SWCNTs. IV characteristic dependence on the gate voltage for (c) semiconducting and (d) metallic SWCNTs.
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All-carbon single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were successfully synthesized, nucleated using a fullerene derivative. A systematic investigation into the initial preparation of C60 fullerenes as growth nucleators for the SWCNTs was conducted. Enhancement in the yield of the produced SWCNT has been achieved with exploring different dispersing me...
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Thermal treatment is reported to convert finely dispersed diamond powder to multiwall carbon nanocapsules containing fullerenes such as C60. We investigate the internal dynamics of a related model system, consisting of a K@C+60 endohedral complex enclosed in a C480 nanocapsule. We show this to be a tunable two-level system, where transitions betwee...
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... CNTs can be incorporated in any form; they can take the form of a bundle, vertical or horizontal alignment, or even a completely random network [194,195]. In the end, the device's performance is impacted by these architectures. ...
... CNTs are able to assume various structures like bundle, forest, vertical and horizontal alignments and random network [144][145][146][147]. These structures display a noticeable effect on the performance of the final device. ...
Efficiency, stability, and cost-effectiveness are the prime challenges in research of materials for solar cells. Technologically as well as scientifically, attention gained by dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) stems from their low material and fabrication costs as well as high efficiency projections. The aim of this study is to explore the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based counter electrode (CE) materials for DSSCs and to reconnoiter the suitable alternative materials in place of noble metals such as Platinum (Pt), and Gold (Au).. Various classes of CE materials based on CNTs including pure single walled, double walled, and multiwalled CNTs, doped CNTs and their hybrid composites with various polymers, and transition metal compounds are discussed comprehensively in light of the research work started since the inspection of DSSCs and CNTs.The properties associated with such materials, including surface morphology, structural determination, thermal stability, and electrochemical activity, are also thoroughly analyzed and compared. This work provides a thorough insight into the possibility of exploiting CNTs as alternative CE materials. In addition to the above, this study also includes the working and brief overview of materials for other components of DSSCs such as photoanode, electrolyte, and sensitizer..
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present unique properties determined by their chiral structure. The main hurdle towards the wide applications is the difficulty to control the structure of CNTs and their hybrids that determines the properties. Precise synthesis with well‐defined templates is a promising approach to control the identical structure of carbon nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize main achievements on controlled synthesis of CNTs and hybrids on two aspects: chirality‐specific growth of CNTs from well‐defined catalysts and nanocarbon templates, atomically precise synthesis of one‐dimensional (1D) materials with the templates of CNTs. In the chirality‐controlled growth part, we focus on the design of structural templates and growth mechanism. In the synthesis of CNT hybrids part, we organize the existing strategies based on types of 1D hybrids templated by CNTs, including confined nanotubes, linear carbon chains, nanowires, quasi‐1D van der‐Waals materials. The main advantages, challenges, and perspectives in further development are discussed.
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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
Ein langfristiges Ziel der organischen Synthesechemie und der Nanokohlenstoffchemie ist die selektive und vorhersagbare Synthese von strukturell gleichförmigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (CNTs). Dieser Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf synthetische Arbeiten, die dieses Ziel einer gesteuerten Synthese von chiralen CNTs durch die organische Synthese von CNT-Segmenten und mithilfe eines durch organische Template vermittelten CNT-Wachstums in Reichweite bringen.
The selective and predictable synthesis of structurally uniform carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represents a long-standing goal in both nanocarbon science and synthetic organic chemistry. This Review focuses on synthetic studies toward the controlled synthesis of CNTs with single chirality through the organic synthesis of CNT segments and the organic template assisted growth of CNTs. The selective and predictable synthesis of structurally uniform carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represents a long-standing goal in both nanocarbon science and synthetic organic chemistry. This Review focuses on the studies toward controlled synthesis of CNTs with single chirality through the organic synthesis of CNT segments and the organic template-assisted growth of CNTs.
The discovery of graphene and carbon nanotubes (rolled-up graphene) has excited the world because their extraordinary properties promise tremendous developments in many areas. Like any materials with application potential, it needs to be fabricated in an economically viable manner and at the same time provides the necessary quality for relevant applications. Graphene and carbon nanotubes are no exception to this. In both cases, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as the dominant synthesis route since it is already a well-established process both in industry and laboratories. In this work, we review the CVD fabrication of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Initially, we briefly introduce the materials and the CVD process. We then discuss pretreatment steps prior to the CVD reaction. The discussion then switches to the CVD process, provides comparative data for thermal CVD and plasma-enhanced CVD, and includes coverage of kinetics, thermodynamics, catalyst choice, and other aspects of growth as well as post production treatments. Finally, conclusions are drawn and presented.
