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![Eichhornia crassipes Reproduction is both sexual and vegetative. The showy flowers are pale blue or violet, displaying a yellow central patch in the standard perianth lobe, and are borne in spikes. The Pontederiaceae is one of only two monocotyledonous families that display genetic polymorphism of tristyly, in which all flowers of an individual plant possess one of three distinct corresponding style and stamen length phenotypes[92]. Flowers produce large numbers of longlived seeds that can remain viable for up to 20 years in](profile/Tulika-Tyagi-Phd/publication/325195142/figure/fig2/AS:627363037589506@1526586412247/Eichhornia-crassipes-Reproduction-is-both-sexual-and-vegetative-The-showy-flowers-are.png)
Eichhornia crassipes Reproduction is both sexual and vegetative. The showy flowers are pale blue or violet, displaying a yellow central patch in the standard perianth lobe, and are borne in spikes. The Pontederiaceae is one of only two monocotyledonous families that display genetic polymorphism of tristyly, in which all flowers of an individual plant possess one of three distinct corresponding style and stamen length phenotypes[92]. Flowers produce large numbers of longlived seeds that can remain viable for up to 20 years in
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Pistia stratiotes L. commonly known as water lettuce belongs to Araceae. It has been used in various medicines for the treatment of eczema, leprosy, ulcers, piles, stomach disorder, throat and mouth inflammation, a few to mention. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Waterhyacinth), an aquatic perennial herb present throughout the world, has a myria...
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In this research we report the significant effect of the floating water fern Azolla filiculoides on the elimination of hydrazine (N2H4) from water, which is a remarkable role for an aquatic plant. Hydrazine is a highly toxic compound for human health and biodiversity with wide industrial applications. In search of a practical way for hydrazine remo...
Citations
... ferulic acid being the most common phenolic compound [6]. While Pistia comprises of 92.9% H2O, 1.4% protein, 0.3% fats, 2.6% carbohydrates, 0.9% crude fiber and 1.9% minerals (mostly potassium and phosphorous)and many more bioactive compounds like vitamin A vitamin C stigma steroland phenols etc [7]. The antioxidant activity was demonstarted by DPPH assay, while the anti-inflammatory activity of xylooligosaccharides produced fermentatively was studied by in-vitro method of albumin denaturation inhibition assay and bovine serum albumin denaturation inhibition assay for the first time without sacrificing any animal [8]. ...
The present study aims at production of xylooligosaccharides from lignocellulosic materials like wheat bran and Pistia stratiotes by bacteria Massilia timonae B2YR followed by the study of in vitro antioxidant activity anti-inflammatory activity of xylooligosaccharides. The total phenol content of XOS produced was 1236.914mg/ml of Gallic acid equivalent determined by folinciocalteau method. The antioxidant activity demonstrated by DPPH assay ranged from 15% to 74 % for the concentration 0.2-1mg/ml. The IC50 value for antioxidant activity was 0.6 mg/ml of XOS.The anti-inflammatory studies for xylooligosaccharides showed maximum percent inhibition of denaturation of egg albumin 74.79 % at 400 µg/ml with a IC50 values 238.400 µg /ml. The percent inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation to was 70.67 % at 400 µg/ml concentration with the IC50 value 213.36 µg/ml.
... It is considered to be a rich source of bio-active compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins which are major contributors in anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Leaves of this herb are potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory due to their ability to suppress histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinins etc. 22,23,24 . ...
Nature has rewarded the human beings with uncountable nutritious and medicinal plants. These medicinal plants are a nature’s gift to us so that we can live a healthy and disease free life. Aquatic plants are those natural herbs that usually grow in or near water/aquatic environment and are considered as one of the most ancient source of food and medicine used by the human beings. These aquatic plants are unique in their nutritional composition and therapeutic potential and are widely used in traditional medicinal system in treatment of different unhealthy conditions. This review is designed to discuss some aquatic plants with established anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities along with their possible mechanism of action and part responsible to possess this action. The recently updated information was collected from scientific journals, books, and globally accepted scientific databases via a library and electronic search such as PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library. All of the full-text articles and abstracts were screened. The most important and relevant articles were carefully chosen for study in this review. This review will help the researchers, traditional medical practitioners and marine pharmacologists to explore these aquatic plants in future to evaluate their true role and efficacy in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
... The system constructed wetland is a system that utilizes plants as indicators of heavy metal absorbers, where in this system plants can be used as phytoremediation agents of acid mine drainage, this is because the plant has a high tolerance to metals, a root system that is resistant to pollutants, and has large biomass [9]. Some studies of aquatic plant species that have the potential to be hyperaccumulators in acid mine drainage because they can absorb contaminants are Eichornia sp, Cyperus odoratus, Hydrilla Vercilata, Ipomea aquatic, dan Pistia Strarariotes and Eichhornia crassipes [10], Eichhornia crassipes, Eleocharis dulcis [11] [12][13] [14], Typha angustifolia and Fungi mikoriza arbuscular [15]. ...
Indonesia is one of the world's largest coal-producing countries. Most coal mining activities are conducted using the open-pit method. A classic problem caused by mining activities is acid mine drainage (AMD). Various conventional methods have been developed to increase the pH of the water and remove heavy metals such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in acid mine drainage, including chemical precipitation, coagulation, flocculation, microorganisms, adsorption, and passive treatment methods. In this study, a passive treatment method using constructed wetlands with phytoremediation techniques using L. articulate plants was employed. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the L. articulate plant in increasing the acidity of water and reducing the levels of Fe and Mn metals dissolved in acid mine drainage. The results of the initial sample analysis of acid mine drainage showed a pH of 2.8. The initial values of Fe met-al concentrations were 0.09 mg/L and Mn 8.10 mg/L. After the phytoremediation process, it was found that L. articulate plants were effective in increasing the pH value and reducing the concentrations of dissolved Fe and Mn metals in acid mine drainage within 20 days. The percentage reduction was 93.33% in the organic reactor and 55.56% in the inorganic reactor for Fe metal concentrations. For Mn metal reduction, the percentages were 38.02% in the organic reactor and 25.80% in the inorganic reactor.
... In vivo relieves dementia (Kokwaro, 1976;Tyagi Tulika, 2015) Peltophorum africanum ...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological ailment that primarily affects the elderly and necessitates an efficient treatment regimen backed up by extensive care. Despite advancement in the in vivo imaging techniques focussing on early diagnosis of reliable biomarkers using novel MRI and PET scans, AD remains largely unexplained and effective preventative and treatment strategies are still lacking. Consequently, research groups are constantly attempting to improve its early detection, using both invasive and non-invasive techniques with established core markers like Aβ and Tau (t-tau and p-tau) proteins. Unfortunately, African American and other black races are facing an increasing burden of closely associated risk factors, and only a few attempts have been made to find effective complementary and alternative therapies for AD cure and management. A greater epidemiology and natural product research are required to deal with the concurrent rise of dementia among quickly ageing African population, which so far have largely been ignored in addition to a disparity in the AD risk factors. We have tried to bring attention to the issue by reviewing up on this predisposition while generating a perspective on how race may affect AD risk and expression. This article also puts emphasis on finding new research leads from African phytodiversity while presenting several of the important species along with their biological agents found helpful in dementia related symptoms.
... Hasil tersebut menunjukkan perbedaan antara kadar flavonoid pada sampel ekstrak etanol, fraksi air, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksan herba eceng gondok. Kadar flavonoid ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan penelitian sebelumnya yang juga melakukan pengukuran kadar flavonoid pada eceng gondok yang tumbuh di tempat yang berbeda [2]. Penggunaan kuersetin sebagai pembanding untuk pengukuran kadar flavonoid dikarenakan kuersetin memiliki daya antioksidan yang lebih baik dibandingkan senyawa flavonoid lain seperti rutin [27]. ...
Water hyacinth is a very fast growing aquatic weed. It contains active compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, anthocyanins, tannins, phenolics, anthraquinones and quinones. These compounds can be used as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, anticancer, anticoronary and antiinflammatory agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of phenolic and flavonoid in water hyacinth plant extracts and fractions and the IC50 value which describes the level of antioxidant effectiveness. The extract was obtained by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. Fractionation of water hyacinth ethanol extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water as solvents. Antioxidant test used DPPH method. Total flavonoid on the ethanol extract were 0.023±0.0015gEQ/g, the ethyl acetate fraction 0.028±0.0015gEQ/g, the n-hexane fraction 0.008±0.0005gEQ/g, and the water fraction 0.002±0.0005gEQ/g. Total phenolic of water hyacinth herb in ethanol extract were 5.403±0.910mgGAE/g, ethyl acetate fraction was 1.810±0.225mgGAE/g, n-hexane fraction was 0.457±0.290mgGAE/g and water fraction was 0.147±0.151mgGAE/g. The IC50 value for the ethanol extract was 48.64mg/L, the ethyl acetate fraction was 223.27mg/L, the water fraction was 451.86mg/L, and the n-hexane fraction was 845.00mg/L.
... Under shallow water conditions, it decreases oxygen levels and reduces pH, damaging rice crops and causing invasive roots to grow and compete with the crops. Ponds and other water reservoirs are replaced instead of native hydrophytes (Tulika and Mala, 2015). In spite of the negative impacts, recent studies showed their potential application in industrial, biomedicine and environmental sectors. ...
The combination of nanotechnology principles and membrane technology has gained more attention in waste water remediation owing to the high efficiency of toxicants removal, unique physico chemical properties and biodegradability. This current work offers a wide and accurate overview of nanocellulose acetate membrane
technology for waste water treatment efficacy. In this review, we described nanocellulose acetate membrane synthesis through electrospinning process and its potential role in waste water remediation. In particular, extraction of cellulose from lignocellulosic invasive aquatic weeds biomass wastes, conversion of extracted
cellulose into cellulose acetate followed by fabrication with bio active metallic nanoparticles via electrospinning process were discussed. Most significantly, the factors influencing the electrospinng process, efficacy testing methods and the role of water treatment process were described. The present study suggests the sustainable approach of managing hazardous invasive aquatic weeds into composite membrane utilizing green nanotechnology principles with waste water treatment efficacy. In future, the nanocellulose composite that synthesised by the above described green nanotechnology principles can be used in waste water treatment process by showing higher separation or removal of organic and inorganic contaminants with eco-friendly and low operation costs.
... Furthermore, E. crassipes and P. stratiotes are plants with several benefits in terms of further utilization. A study in India has reported that P. stratiotes may have pharmaceutical potential, indicating that this plant could be used due to its anti-inflammatory activities [40]. This plant has been used in Ghana for curing ophthalmic disease and iritis. ...
Environmental pollution due to industrial activities has been reported since 1760, dating back to the first industrial revolution. One industrial activity that has led to major environmental degradation is coal mining, which can pollute surface and underground water due to acid mine drainage (AMD). Phytoremediation is low-cost, applicable, environmental, and does not generate other waste materials. In this research, we analyze the utilization of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes for AMD treatment. The results indicated that the AMD initially contained Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, and Mg. E. crassipes successfully reduced these contents by up to 69%, while P. stratiotes removed up to 62%. A cost analysis for phytoremediation of AMD is designed in terms of two schemes, with 4298 USD for the first scheme and no cost in the second scheme. The post-harvest potential, future research directions, and bibliometric analysis are also discussed. Overall, the results of this study indicate that P. stratiotes and E. crassipes are plants with great potential for AMD phytoremediation.
... The plant also has the potential to produce bioelectricity (Mohan & al. 2011), accumulate heavy metals from waste water (Mohanty & al., 2006;Xia & Ma, 2006;Odjegba & Fasidi, 2007;Tiwari & al., 2007;Alvarado & al. 2008;Junior & al. 2008;Saraswat & Rai 2010;Rahman & Hasegawa, 2011;Saleh, 2011;Jaikumar 2012;Yapoga & al., 2013;Rezania & al., 2015), waste water treatment/sewage purification (Alade & Ojoawo, 2009;Jafari, 2010). Water hyacinth is reported to have antimicrobial (Daniel & al., 2012), antiageing (Lalitha & Jayanthi, 2014), antitumor & wound healing (Tulika & Mala, 2015), anticancer (Lenora & al., 2015) properties. ...
Economic uses of a wetland weed Eichhornia crassipes
(Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae) in West Bengal, India
... Water lettuce leaves and stems contain water (92.9%), carbohydrates (2.6%), protein (1.4%), fat (0.3%), crude fibre (0.9%), and minerals (1.9%), especially phosphorus and potassium (Tulika and Mala, 2015). Vitamins, stigmasterol, and palmitic acid are also found in the leaves of this plant (Khare, 2005;Liu et al., 2008 Recently research on these plant extracts has shown the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenols and tannins that can be extracted by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol (Tulika and Mala, 2015;Sudirman, Herpandi, Nopianti et al., 2017). ...
... carbohydrates (2.6%), protein (1.4%), fat (0.3%), crude fibre (0.9%), and minerals (1.9%), especially phosphorus and potassium (Tulika and Mala, 2015). Vitamins, stigmasterol, and palmitic acid are also found in the leaves of this plant (Khare, 2005;Liu et al., 2008 Recently research on these plant extracts has shown the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenols and tannins that can be extracted by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol (Tulika and Mala, 2015;Sudirman, Herpandi, Nopianti et al., 2017). A recent study reported that methanol fractions of this plant extract exhibited great antioxidant activity (Herpandi et al., 2021). ...
Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are involved in the development of various chronic diseases. Under oxidative stress conditions, the human body needs more antioxidants that can be externally obtained from foods or supplements. This study aimed to investigate the total polyphenol content and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol and water extracts of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). The dried water lettuce was extracted by maceration. The yield of total polyphenol content of 70% ethanol extract (238.36±28.51 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry sample) was higher than water extract (70.66±29.43 mg GEA/g of dry sample). The 70% ethanol extract (209.65±7.71 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g of dry sample) also possesses a higher level of flavonoid content compared to water extract (140.98±1.68 mg QE/g of dry sample). As analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, 70% ethanol extract exhibited more powerful antioxidant activities compared to water extract. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 70% ethanol and water extracts were about 459.08±25.38 µg/mL and 1086.44±186.53 µg/mL, respectively and the ferric reduction power was about 118.43±2.17 mM Fe2+ equivalent/g of dry sample and 71.76±0.45 mM Fe2+ equivalent/g of dry sample, respectively. Based on these results, it is understood that 70% ethanol extract is the potential source of an antioxidant agent.
... The chemical composition of water hyacinth showed the existence of some important phytochemicals, including fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids, polyphenols, proteins, and some other metabolites [16,23,24]. The GC-mass analysis of E. crassipes fractionated extracts (AcF and EtF) indicated that there are many biologically active components. ...
Eichhornia crassipes were evaluated in order to investigate the insecticidal activity towards Aphis craccivora adults. The LC50 values were promising and reflected the bio-efficacy of the tested extracts (39 and 42 mg/L), respectively, and reduced the fecundity markedly. Using GC/MS analysis, the major components were n-hexadecanoic, linolenic, hexadecenoic, myristic, stearic acids, linolelaidic acid, methyl ester and some terpenoids, alkaloids, and hydrocarbons. A safety assessment of non-target organisms is essential for the development of new pesticides. In order to guide the rational use of the most potential insecticidal extracts AcF and EtF, the effect of these extracts on body weight, hematological indices, biochemical indicators, and histopathology of some relevant organs of albino rats (as a model for mammals) was investigated. The research outcomes revealed that the LC50 of AcF and EtF extracts had gradually raised body weight for 14 days (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no remarkable alternations in the complete blood count (CBC); only a slight decrease in the monocytes count (612 ± 159.80 × 103 µL) in the EtF-treated group. There was a notable increase in alanine transferase (ALT) activity (36.73 ± 1.44 IU/L) in the AcF-treated group. No destructive changes were noted with the remaining biochemical parameters. Cholesterol and triglycerides non-significantly increased in the EtF group, whereas, cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the AcF group. In addition, histopathological examination reflected minor changes in AcF and EtF groups in the form of mild inflammation in the lungs and mild vacuolar degeneration in the kidneys, while no lesions were detected in the heart and liver in the same groups. Thus, the present research suggested that AcF and EtF extracts of E. crassipes are safe green insecticides for insect control strategies.
