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Embryonic, larval, and juvenile development of an Indian cyprinid fish, Chela dadiburjori, is described from laboratory-reared specimens. The eggs, measuring 0.7–0.9mm in diameter, were demersal, almost spherical in shape, transparent and unpigmented, with a pale yellow yolk and no oil globule. Hatching occurred 50–61h after fertilization at ca. 27...
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... cyprinid genus Chela , belonging to the subfamily Danioninae ( ϭ Rasborinae) (sensu Howes, 1991), is characterized by having a strongly compressed body with a keeled ventral margin, no barbels, no symphysial knob on the lower jaw, three teeth rows on the lower pharyngeal bone, and elongated pectoral fins (Silas, 1958; Ba ̆ na ̆ rescu, 1968). The genus includes six species [ Chela cachius (Hamilton), Chela caeruleostigmata (Smith), Chela dadiburjori (Menon), Chela fasciata Silas, Chela laubuca (Hamilton), and Chela maassi (Weber and de Beaufort)], occurring in South and Southeast Asia (Silas, 1958; Ba ̆ na ̆ rescu, 1968). Although members of the genus are well- known aquarium fishes termed “hatchet barbs,” reports on their ontogeny are unknown to date. The object of the present study was to expand the known morphological database of early life stages of the genus Chela . The morphology of eggs, larvae, and juveniles of the Indian species, C. dadiburjori , is described in detail from a series of laboratory-reared specimens. Parental fish and egg collection. — Chela dadiburjori is distributed naturally in Tamil Nadu and Goa, India, inhabiting lowland streams and pools (Kortmulder et al., 1990; Talwar and Jhingran, 1991). The parental fish included 11 females [FRLM 25915, 29164, 29166, 29506–29509, 29511, 29512, 29515, and 29517, 31–37 mm in standard length (SL)] and 10 males (FRLM 26011, 29165, 29220, 29510, 29513, 29514, 29516, and 29518–29520, 29–39 mm SL), bought at a pet shop in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. They were held at the Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University (FRLM), in a 60-l glass aquarium with a thin layer of gravel, an aquatic plant ( Fantinalis sp.) as a spawning substrate, and a bottom filter. Spawning first took place on 30 July 2000, the eggs being collected by a siphon. To measure lengths of newly hatched larvae, the eggs spawned by the same parental fish on 2 August 2000 were collected. Rearing method. —Eggs were transferred into a 60-l glass aquarium containing weakly aerated water, changed at a rate of 3–5 l/day. Artificial food (Fry Feed Kyowa B; Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan) was provided daily to the larvae and juveniles from 3–54 days after hatching. The incubation and rearing temperatures ranged from 25.4° to 27.4°C. Observations and measurements. —Observations and measurements were made on 20 eggs, 128 larvae (FRLM 29001–29003, 29005, 29007–29012, and 29014–29036), and 20 juveniles (FRLM 29004, 29006, 29013, and 29032–29039). All materials, except eggs, were preserved. Larvae and juveniles were sampled periodically from the rearing aquarium, being preserved in 5% buffered formalin solution. Some specimens were stained with alizarin red S to observe fin ray formation and squamation. Identification of developmental stages followed Kendall et al. (1984). Measurement methods followed Leis and Trnski (1989), except for body depth (BD) measured at the anus. Eggs. Demersal, almost spherical in shape, 0.7–0.9 (mean Ϯ SD ϭ 0.80 Ϯ 0.04, n ϭ 20) mm in diameter, with a smooth colorless transparent chorion, a pale yellow yolk, and no oil globule; yolk diameter ca. 74–81% of egg diameter; chorion with weak adhesiveness for ca. 1 min just after fertilization (Fig. 1). Eggs laid on the lower aquatic plant dropped to the bottom, when egg adhesiveness was lost (ca. 1 min after fertilization). Embryonic development is shown in Table 1. Hatching occurred 50–61 h after fertilization at 26.5°–27.4°C. Larvae and juveniles. General morphology. —Body lengths (BL) of larvae and juveniles at each developmental stage are shown in Table 2. Newly hatched larvae [2.4–2.6 (mean Ϯ SD ϭ 2.5 Ϯ 0.1, n ϭ 11) mm BL] characterized by a transparent head and body, with melanophores; yolk sac very large (38–49% BL), pear-shaped, located along venter of head and trunk from snout tip to just before anus in yolk sac larvae (Fig. 2A), becoming smaller with growth ...
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... After hatching, the larvae of S. waltoni and P. retrodorslis in this study were relatively large (total lengths of 10.71 mm and 10.29 mm, respectively) compared to other cyprinids larvae, such as Horadandia atukori [25] (2.3-2.6 mm), Chela dadiburjori [26] (2.4-2.6 mm), Leuciscus leuciscus [27] (an average total length of 7.47 mm), Leuciscus cephalus [28] (an average total length of 6.68 mm), and Gobiocypris rarus [23] (4-5 mm). The study of Scomber scombrus L. showed that temperature had a great impact on the growth and development stage of the larvae [29]. ...
Due to a sharp decline in resources, Schizothorax waltoni Regan and Percocypris retrodorslis have been listed as wildlife under second-class protection in China. Under culture conditions, the early development and allometric growth patterns of S. waltoni and P. retrodorslis were researched from the hatching stage to 60 DPHs (days post-hatching), and a sampling of ten to fifteen larvae was made every day, followed by measurements with Axio Vision 4.8 software (Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany). Morphological indicators included the anal fin length, the body depth, the body depth at the anus level, the caudal fin length, the dorsal fin length, the eye diameter, the head length, the head depth, the pectoral fin length, the tail length, the trunk length, the snout length, the total length, and the ventral fin length. Based on the morphology development of S. waltoni Regan and P. retrodorslis, four periods of larval growth were identified: pre-flexion larvae at 0–14 DPHs and 0–16 DPHs; flexion larvae at 14–23 DPHs and 16–26 DPHs, post-flexion larvae at 23–50 DPHs and 26–52 DPHs, and the juvenile stage. In newly hatched larvae, most organs and body parts were not differentiated, and they successively developed within 26 DPHs. The depletion of the yolk sac was observed at 23 DPHs and 25 DPHs. Allometric growth mainly occurs in the head and tail regions, indicating that body parts related to feeding and swimming behaviors were more important than the other parts. In addition, the growth pattern shows that the development of organs gives priority to the functions of gill respiration, sensation, exogenous feeding, and swimming. The inflection points of body part growth patterns only appeared before 40 DAH, so future studies should concentrate focus on developing the best feeding from the first feeding to 40 DAH. These outcomes were discussed with regard to the ontogeny of the functional morphology in relation to ecology and aquaculture. It is expected that this research can provide valuable perspectives in species conservation.
... Larval development in cyprinid fishes is well documented (Soda and Kimura, 2006). However, the morphological information of G. cambodgiensis, G. fuliginosa and G. notata larvae and juveniles in Thailand has not been reported yet. ...
This study provides new data on the developmental morphology for the identiication of three species of ish found in Thailand, stone-lapping minnows (Garra cambodgiensis), sooty garra (G. fuliginosa), and Tenassarim garra (G. notata). Larval specimens were collected from the artiicial breeding tanks and rearing ponds at the Mae Hong Son and Nan Fisheries Research Stations. The larvae were divided into four developmental stages, i.e., yolk sac, larval, post-larval, and juvenile. Their morphometric and meristic characteristics, including the number of myomere, dorsal-and anal-fin rays, and the chromatophore pigment patterns, were studied and used for the species identiication. For the Garra larvae, the chromatophore pigmentation on the gut, midline, and dorsal and ventral parts of the body were the important characteristics. In addition, the juvenile stage can be distinguished by the chromatophore pigmentation on the gut, midline, and the dorsal and ventral parts of the body
... At this moment, the yolk is absorbed completely and larvae has got outside food completely (exogenous sources). It was slightly different from T. albonubes where mouth opened at 3.4 mm body length (Sado & Kimura 2005b), in C. dadiburjori 3.5 mm body length (Sado & Kimura 2005a), in D. rerio at 4.3 mm (Parichy et al 2009), B. sharpeyi at 4.7-5.5 mm (Mukhaysin & Jawad 2012), Candidia barbata at 7.6 mm (Sado & Kimura 2002). The timing of the first exogenous feeding appears to depend on the quality and quantity of yolk available to the young during endogenous feeding (Heyer et al 2001). ...
... On D. rerio the caudal fin is the first developed and followed by anal fin, dorsal fin, pectoral and the last pelvic fin (Parichy et al 2009) and C. carasius (Battle 1940) and P. conchonius pectoral fin is well developed before hatching (Bhattacharya et al 2005). The bilih fish pectoral fin primordium appearing at 2.44 mm length (1 dph), fin ray at 3.60 mm length (4 dph), completely growth at 3.90 mm length (6 dph), and ray nodes formed at 3 wph, close resemble to C. dadiborjuri primordium pectoral fin appearing at 2.9 mm total length (Sado & Kimura 2005a), and for D. rerio at 3.4 mm length (Parichy et al 2009). The bilih fish caudal fin primordium appearing at 3.22 mm length (3 dph), rounded at 3.90 mm and attaining full complement at 14.92 mm total length (7 wph), faster than C. dadiburjori caudal fin anlagen appearing at 4.9 mm but slower attaining full complement at 5.9 mm body length and caudal fin rounded immediately after hatching (Sado & Kimura 2005a), D. rerio caudal fin anlagen appearing at 4.3 mm standard length, rounded at 5.0 mm (Parichy et al 2009). ...
... The bilih fish pectoral fin primordium appearing at 2.44 mm length (1 dph), fin ray at 3.60 mm length (4 dph), completely growth at 3.90 mm length (6 dph), and ray nodes formed at 3 wph, close resemble to C. dadiborjuri primordium pectoral fin appearing at 2.9 mm total length (Sado & Kimura 2005a), and for D. rerio at 3.4 mm length (Parichy et al 2009). The bilih fish caudal fin primordium appearing at 3.22 mm length (3 dph), rounded at 3.90 mm and attaining full complement at 14.92 mm total length (7 wph), faster than C. dadiburjori caudal fin anlagen appearing at 4.9 mm but slower attaining full complement at 5.9 mm body length and caudal fin rounded immediately after hatching (Sado & Kimura 2005a), D. rerio caudal fin anlagen appearing at 4.3 mm standard length, rounded at 5.0 mm (Parichy et al 2009). Dorsal fin primordium appearing at 4.69 mm length (2 wph), attaining full compplement at slightly earlier than in C. dadiburjori dorsal fin at 5.8 mm body total length and attaining full complement at 6.6 mm body length (Sado & Kimura 2005a). ...
Larvae developmental stages was studied in the endemic bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker, 1852) from Singkarak Lake, West Sumatera, Indonesia. We obtained the study material by artificial insemination. The fertilized eggs were incubated in dechlorinated tap water under temperature 26-28°C. Ten to twenty larvae were collected everyday on the first week and then weekly till juvenile. Larvae development stages was assigned using dissecting microscope, determined and named by body total length and morphological features. The result showed that the early juvenile reached at 11.1 mm (5 week post hatching, wph) and scale juvenile at 35.36 mm total length (16 wph) through stages are total length 2.44 mm (pectoral fin bud), 2.85 mm (gill vesicle), 3.24 mm (caudal fin development biginning), 3.60 mm (pectoral fin ray), 3.75 mm (jaw has formed completely), 3.9 mm (caudal fin primordia rounded), 4.12 mm (beginning of notochord flexi), 4.69 mm (dorsal and anal fin development), 6.18 mm (primordia hypural bone), 11.1 mm (skin finfold has disappeared), 14.92 mm (caudal fin completely developed), 16.85 mm (primordia scale developed), 18.32 mm (scale pattern pigmented area has reached lateral line).
... Though there has been studies related to the life-history and bionomics of Chela phulo (Alikunhi and Chaudhuri, 1953) on the Oxygaster (Syn. Chela) bacaila (Parameswaran et al., 1969) and developmental morphology of Chela dadiburjori (Sado and Kimura, 2005), but there has been no report related to Chela clupeoides maturity cycle so far. Since maturation is influenced by temperature this investigation was conducted to study the effect of temperature on its maturity. ...
An experiment to assess the effect of temperature on ovarian development and serum levels of vitellogenin in
Chela clupeiodes was conducted at aquaculture division of Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai
for a period of 60 days from the month of January to February. Results showed that raising temperature to 30°C significantly enhanced GSI (6.11±0.55 – 14.7±0.42) but beyond that temperature the GSI increment was less (3.5±0.4 - 6.4±0.41). Histological examination revealed better maturity with higher percentage of mature oocytes (24.753±1.366) in treatment T3 (30°C). Elevated temperature exposure beyond 30°C showed poor maturation with lower percentage of mature oocytes (3.486±0.633). Estimation of serum vitellogenin level showed elevated temperature above 30°C resulted in reduction of their capacity to be sequestered into growing oocytes. After 60 days of rearing serum level of vitellogenin attained its peak at treatment T3 (30°C). By the present investigation it can be concluded that elevated temperature may increase ovarian maturation in Chela clupeiodes
but up to a certain threshold limit beyond that it has a negative impact on gonadal development and vitellogenin level in serum.
... Positive phototaxis was weak in postflexion larvae and juveniles (>7.1 mm BL).Table 3. Although the eggs of I. auropurpureus resembled those of C. dadiburjori, Danio rerio, and Devario malabaricus in having an almost spherical shape and colorless chorion, as well as in embryonic development, the former differed from those of Danio rerio and Devario malabaricus in having a narrower perivitelline space (Jones, 1938; Hisaoka and Battle, 1958; Kimmel et al., 1995; Sado and Kimura, 2005a). The morphology of larval and juvenile I. auropurpureus was similar to that of C. dadiburjori, Danio albolineatus, Danio kerri, Danio rerio, Devario malabaricus, and Devario sp. ...
... (cf. D. aequipinnatus) in overall appearance, fin ray formation , and pigmentation patterns (Jones, 1938; Kimmel et al., 1995; McClure, 1999; Sado and Kimura, 2005a). Inlecypris auropurpureus shared possession of a cement organ on the forehead in yolk-sac and preflexion larvae with C. dadiburjori and Devario malabaricus, a melanophore on the lower margin of the eye in newly hatched larvae with C. dadiburjori, and a dark marking just posterior to the head [cleithral spot, sensu Fang (2003)] in the juvenile stage with Devario malabaricus and Devario sp. ...
... (cf. D. aequipinnatus) (Jones, 1938; Sado and Kimura, 2005a ). These features indicate a close relationship among the genera Inlecypris, Chela, and Devario (Howes, 1981; Fang, 2003). ...
Abstract Embryonic, larval, and juvenile development of a Myanmarese cyprinid fish, Inlecypris
auropurpureus, is described from laboratory-reared specimens. The eggs, measuring 0.9–1.0mm in
diameter, were demersal, almost spherical in shape, transparent and unpigmented, with a pale yellow
yolk without oil globules. Hatching occurred 49–56h after fertilization at 26.2°–27.3°C. The newly
hatched larvae, measuring 2.9–3.1 mm in body length (BL) with 17 + 19–20 = 36–37 myomeres, had
melanophores on the head and body. A cement organ on the forehead for adhering to objects during
the yolk sac and early preflexion larval stages was distinctive. The yolk was completely absorbed at 3.6–
4.0mm BL. Notochord flexion was initiated at 5.1–5.6mm BL and finished at 7.1mm BL. Aggregate
numbers of all fin rays were completed at 14 mm BL. Squamation was initiated midlaterally on the
anterior trunk at 14mm BL and completed at 27mm BL. Although the eggs of I. auropurpureus
resembled those of the closely related species Chela dadiburjori, Danio rerio, and Devario malabaricus,
they differed from those of Danio rerio and Devario malabaricus in having a narrower perivitelline
space. The larvae and juveniles of I. auropurpureus were also similar to those of C. dadiburjori, Danio
rerio, and Devario malabaricus in general morphology, but they differed from the latter three species
in having a series of dark blotches laterally on the body in the juvenile stage. Moreover, I.
auropurpureus differed from C. dadiburjori in having more myomeres and a near-single row of
melanophores on the body along the dorsal midline from the yolk-sac to early postflexion larval stages,
from Danio rerio in having a cement organ on the forehead during the yolk-sac and early preflexion
larvae, and a single melanophore on the lower eye margin in the early yolk-sac larvae, and from
Devario malabaricus in having a single melanophore on the lower eye margin in the early yolk-sac
larvae. The presence of a cement organ on the forehead indicates a close relationship among the genera
Inlecypris, Chela, and Devario.
... Yolk sac larvae ca. 3 mm BL began to move upward, but still occupied a low layer in the aquarium, at organ on stage of gas on lower margin dark lateral on dorsal melanophores on eyes at diameter hatching forehead in bladder division of eye at streaks on surface of on ventral hatching yolk-sac hatching head between body between surface of larval stage preflexion and preflexion and throat and belly postflexion postflexion in (1988) picking up artificial food from the bottom. Postflexion larvae 4.4 mm BL gradually ascended to the mid-to surface layer, showing weakly positive phototaxis., 1958; Nakamura, 1969; Hosoya, 1988; Kimmel et al., 1995; McClure, 1999; Sado and Kimura, 2005). Although possession of a melanophore on the lower margin of the eye in newly hatched larval Horadandia atukorali was shared with C. dadiburjori (Sado and Kimura, 2005 ), some differences existed in the shape of the yolk sac, the period of gas bladder division, the cement organ on the forehead, and pigmentation on the head and body. ...
... Postflexion larvae 4.4 mm BL gradually ascended to the mid-to surface layer, showing weakly positive phototaxis., 1958; Nakamura, 1969; Hosoya, 1988; Kimmel et al., 1995; McClure, 1999; Sado and Kimura, 2005). Although possession of a melanophore on the lower margin of the eye in newly hatched larval Horadandia atukorali was shared with C. dadiburjori (Sado and Kimura, 2005 ), some differences existed in the shape of the yolk sac, the period of gas bladder division, the cement organ on the forehead, and pigmentation on the head and body. In particular, early life stages of Horadandia atukorali can be distinguished from the sympatric species, C. dadiburjori, in lacking 2 melanophore bands on the ventral surface of the trunk at hatching, dense pigmentation around the mouth from the preflexion to early postflexion larval stages, a dark lateral streak or band in the postflexion larval and juvenile stages, and three or four dark lateral spots on the body and pectoral fin elongation in the juvenile stage (Sado and Kimura, 2005), in addition to the characters listed inTable 3. Ecological considerations. ...
... Although possession of a melanophore on the lower margin of the eye in newly hatched larval Horadandia atukorali was shared with C. dadiburjori (Sado and Kimura, 2005 ), some differences existed in the shape of the yolk sac, the period of gas bladder division, the cement organ on the forehead, and pigmentation on the head and body. In particular, early life stages of Horadandia atukorali can be distinguished from the sympatric species, C. dadiburjori, in lacking 2 melanophore bands on the ventral surface of the trunk at hatching, dense pigmentation around the mouth from the preflexion to early postflexion larval stages, a dark lateral streak or band in the postflexion larval and juvenile stages, and three or four dark lateral spots on the body and pectoral fin elongation in the juvenile stage (Sado and Kimura, 2005), in addition to the characters listed inTable 3. Ecological considerations. Information on early life stage ecology is available for three species related to Horadandia atukorali, viz. A. chinensis, C. dadiburjori, and Hemigrammocypris rasborella (Nakamura, 1969; Sado and Kimura, 2005). ...
Embryonic, larval, and juvenile development of a small Indian cyprinid, Horadandia
atukorali, is described from laboratory-reared specimens. The eggs, measuring 0.7–0.8 mm in diameter,
were demersal, almost spherical in shape, transparent and unpigmented, with a pale yellow yolk
without oil globules. Hatching occurred 47–54 h after fertilization at 26.3–27.5°C. The newly hatched
larvae, measuring 2.3–2.6 mm in body length (BL) with 16 � 13 � 29 myomeres, had no melanophores,
except on the eye, a single melanophore occurring on the lower margin, and xanthophores surrounding
the pupil. The yolk was completely absorbed at 3.0mm BL. Notochord flexion was initiated at 4.0mm
BL and finished at 4.4mm BL. Aggregate numbers of all fin rays were completed at 8.0mm BL.
Squamation was initiated at 6.4 mm BL and completed at 9.5mm BL. Although the eggs of Horadandia
atukorali resembled those of other small danionin species, including Aphyocypris chinensis, Chela
dadiburjori, Danio rerio, Devario malabaricus, and Hemigrammocypris rasborella, they differed from
those of Danio rerio and Devario malabaricus in having a narrower perivitelline space. The larvae and
juveniles of Horadandia atukorali were also similar to those of the latter five species in general
morphology, especially in the presence of a melanophore on the lower margin of the eye at hatching,
as in C. dadiburjori. However, the early life stage morphology of Horadandia atukorali differed from
the other danionin species in having a conical yolk sac at hatching, no cement organ on the forehead
in the yolk-sac larval stage, a divided gas bladder in the flexion larval stage, two dark lateral streaks on
the head and chevron-like melanophores on the ventral body surface from the preflexion to postflexion
larval stages, and xanthophores on the eyes at hatching.
The model zebrafish (Danio rerio) belongs to the Danioninae subfamily with a range of informative phenotypes. However, the craniofacial diversity across the subfamily is not fully described. To better understand craniofacial phenotypes across Danioninae we used microCT and 3D geometric morphometrics to capture skull shapes from nine species. The Danio species examined showed largely similar skull shapes, although D. aesculapii, the sister species to D. rerio showed a unique morphology. Two non-Danio species examined, Chela dadiburjori and Devario aequipinnatus showed distinct skull morphologies unique from those of other species examined. Thyroid hormone regulates skeletal development and remodeling, and we asked if changes in developmental thyroid hormone metabolism could underlie some of the craniofacial diversity across Danioninae. We reared two Danio species under altered thyroid profiles, finding that hypothyroid individuals from both species showed corresponding morphological shifts in skull shape. Hypothyroid Danios showed skull morphologies closer to that of Chela and unlike any of the examined wild-type Danio species. We provide an examination of the evolved craniofacial diversity across Danioninae, and demonstrate that alterations to thyroid hormone have the capacity to create unique skull phenotypes.
The early development of the endemic cyprinid, Bunni Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874) larvae has been determined according to morphological changes and total length, standard length, head length, thickness of larvae, eye diameter and snout length measurements. The results showed that the initial period of Bunni larval life can be divided into two phases: early stages dependent upon endogenous nutrient sources, and a second phase of stages dependent upon exogenous food sources. In the first three days of larvae development there was a gradual yolk sac reduction after which there was a switch to exogenous feeding. From the fourth to eleventh day, the final development of heart, gill, air bladder, fins and intestine were observed. The newly hatched larvae and the fifteen day old larvae were 6.26±0.14 and 8.35±0.17 mm in mean total length (TL), respectively. The mouth opened 2-4 days after hatching (DAH). The larvae started to swim actively within 2-3 days and the yolk sac had been totally absorbed at 4-5 DAH. Notochord flexion began at 11 DAH. Compare to other cyprinids, the larval development of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi is similar to other Meso pota-michthys species.
O estudo e o conhecimento dos primeiros dias de vida dos peixes sao de extrema importância, especialmente para especies selvagens e nativas, potencialmente viaveis para a piscicultura. Desta forma o trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar o desenvolvimento embrionario da Hypophthalmichthys molitrix . A temperatura media da agua apresentou pequena variacao durante a realizacao do trabalho de 24,07 ± 0,23°C, ja os outros parâmetros como: pH, Alcalinidade, Dureza e Amonia, permaneceram constantes. A primeira segmentacao foi observada com 22 minutos. A formacao da blastula ocorreu com 2 horas e 27 minutos, com 9 horas e 12 minutos observou-se a gastrula com 90% de formacao, o fechamento do blastoporo se deu com 9 horas e 49 minutos e a diferenciacao do embriao com 12 horas e 56 minutos. A eclosao ocorreu com 20 horas e 3 minutos apos a fertilizacao, totalizando desta forma 482,6 horas/graus. O desenvolvimento embrionario da carpa prateada Hypophthalmichthys molitrix o corre dentro do periodo normal, como observado para as de mais especies de peixes de agua doce de regioes tropicais, mas muito ainda tem que ser estudado na area de embriologia de peixes, a fim de buscar maior conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento destes animais.
We describe the larval and juvenile development of Pike Gudgeon, Pseudogobio esocinus, using laboratory-reared specimens. Newly hatched larvae with a 4.2-4.6 mm body length (BL) and 22-23 + 16 = 38-39 myomeres had melanophores on their head and body. The yolk sac was completely absorbed at 5.0 mm BL. Notochord flexion was initiated at 5.0-6.0 mm BL and completed at 7.3 mm BL. The aggregate number of all fin rays was completed at 11 mm BL. Several rod-like cupulae were observed on the head and lateral side of the body at 4.2-11.0 mm BL and were completely distinguished at 11.0-14.0 mm BL. Squamation was initiated on the caudal body at approximately 11.0 mm BL and completed at 11.0-14.0 mm BL. The newly hatched larvae had well-developed eyes and large pectoral fins.
