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This trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a diet containing solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A mixed liquid culture, containing approximately 5 log cfu/ml Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces cerevi...
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Citations
... Skrede et al. (2003) demonstrated that the BWG of broiler chickens fed fermented barley or wheat was higher than that of birds fed control diets. Likewise, Chiang et al. (2010) found that feeding fermented rapeseed meals to broiler chicks improved BWG and FCR. According to these studies, improving feed ingredient nutritional qualities and digestibility through soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) degradation during fermentation is a crucial factor dictating improved broiler performance (Zhang et al., 2022). ...
Many studies have mentioned the advantages of adding wheat germ to chicken diets, but few were interested in studying the effect of the fermentation process on this addition. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of adding fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) and immunostimulant (IS) to the broiler diet and water, respectively, on growth performance, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, immune status, and carcass characteristics. A total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly and equally assigned into four treatment groups of 5 replicates (9 chicks/replicate) each. The first group (G1) served as a control group with a basal diet and normal drinking water, while the second (G2) and the third (G3) groups were treated with a basal diet supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2% of FWGE, respectively. The fourth group (G4) was treated with one level of immunostimulant (ORGA IMMU ® , 0.2% in drinking water) and served as a positive control. The experiment lasted 35 days. According to the results, adding 0.2% FWGE to the broiler diet (G3) improved (P≤0.05) feed conversion ratio and increased (P≤0.05) live body weight and body weight gain compared to the control group (G1). The G3 also showed improvements (P≤0.05) in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and white blood cell (WBC) counts. Blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were positively affected (P≤0.05) by FWGE and immunostimulant treatments. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers for Newcastle and Avian Influenza viruses, phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and lysozyme activity (LA) were significantly (P≤0.05) improved by FWGE and immunostimulant treatments. Furthermore, carcass traits, such as carcass weight and dressing percentage, were improved (P≤0.05) by adding FWGE and immunostimulant treatments. The inclusion of FWGE in the broiler chicken diet by 0.2% had a considerably positive impact on the birds’ growth performance, health, and carcass quality.
... Strategies like the use of fermented rapeseed meal (FRM) align with One Health principles, concurrently addressing animal health and food safety for comprehensive control measures. Amongst the tested antimicrobial alternatives, 9,[12][13][14] studies have shown that feeding FRM could promote gut health by increasing Lactobacillus spp., organic acids 15 and decreasing Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. in broiler chickens, 16 pigs, 17 rabbits, 18 and minks. 19 The positive effects of FRMs could be linked to the fermentation process typical of their manufacture, which could increase the bioavailability of proteins, promote the synthesis of vitamins and antioxidants, reduce the antinutritive compound content, such as the glucosinolate, phytate, and non-starch polysaccharide content, [20][21][22][23] and help to improve nutrient digestibility, growth, and immune response in turkeys, 22 rabbits, 18 and fish. ...
... The study followed a randomized complete block design. Basal iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic wheat-soyabean meal control diets (Treatment 1, T1, Table 2) were manufactured as one batch for each feeding phasethat is, starter (day 0-13), grower (day [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and finisher (day 20day 35). Treatment 2 (T2) was generated by incorporating 3% and 4% LFRM on top of the base diet of T1 during the grower and finisher phases, respectively. ...
... The growth performance data from the starter (days 0-13), grower (days [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and finisher (days 20-35) phases are presented in Table 3. The growth performance for each treatment group was similar (P > 0.05) during the starter phase, that is, prior to LFRM supplementation. ...
BACKGROUND
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), a widely distributed global foodborne pathogen, primarily linked with contaminated chicken meat, poses a significant health risk. Reducing the abundance of this pathogen in poultry meat is challenging but essential. This study assessed the impact of Lactobacillus‐fermented rapeseed meal (LFRM) on broilers exposed to C. jejuni‐contaminated litter, evaluating growth performance, Campylobacter levels, and metagenomic profile.
RESULTS
By day 35, the litter contamination successfully colonized broilers with Campylobacter spp., particularly C. jejuni. In the grower phase, LFRM improved (P < 0.05) body weight and daily weight gain, resulting in a 9.2% better feed conversion ratio during the pre‐challenge period (the period before artificial infection; days 13–20). The LFRM also reduced the C. jejuni concentration in the ceca (P < 0.05), without altering alpha and beta diversity. However, metagenomic data analysis revealed LFRM targeted a reduction in the abundance of C. jejuni biosynthetic pathways of l‐tryptophan and l‐histidine and gene families associated with transcription and virulence factors while also possibly leading to selected stress‐induced resistance mechanisms.
CONCLUSION
The study demonstrated that LFRM inclusion improved growth and decreased cecal Campylobacter spp. concentration and the relative abundance of pivotal C. jejuni genes. Performance benefits likely resulted from LFRM metabolites. At the molecular level, LFRM may have reduced C. jejuni colonization, likely by decreasing the abundance of energy transduction and l‐histidine and l‐tryptophan biosynthesis genes otherwise required for bacterial survival and increased virulence. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
... Also, antimicrobial peptides like bacteriocins are produced by probiotic bacteria and may prevent the growth of pathogens in the intestine.Reports also suggests that the ability of some probiotics to adhere to the intestinal mucus may control the passage of different substances like ions, solutes and water by increasing tight junction proteins at the apical membrane of the epithelial cells, subsequently preventing pathogens from having a negative impact on fish.160 Furthermore, probiotic bacteria may stimulate intestinal epithelial cells to release cytokines that alter the activity of immune functional cells like dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, as well as improving the potential of lipopolysaccharides to trigger TNF-α gene transcription in animal model.161 Figure 5illustrates a potential mode of action for the fermented microorganisms improving gut health of fish. ...
Improving feed suitability and bolstering the global upsurge in fish production is a strategic challenge for aquaculture. The utilization of plant and animal derived ingredients in aquafeed for achieving sustainable in finfish aquaculture is affected by various factors, including the presence of antinutritional factors, lowered nutrient bioavailability, indigestible particles and microbial contaminants. Applying fermentation to overcome these problems in aquafeed ingredients has received considerable attention in recent years as fermentation provides health-promoting probiotic benefits to host organisms. Fermentation has also been shown in many studies to improve nutrient availability and bioavailability of feed, increased palatability and digestibility and eliminate anti-nutritional compounds in dietary feed ingredients, making them more easily digestible which eventually improve growth and health performance of fish. Therefore, it is imperative to accelerate the use of fermented feedstuffs as aqua-feed if sustainable aquaculture is to be achieved. This review reported the various methods of fermentation, characteristics of fermented feed ingredients, factors that are considered during fermentation and overall nutritional quality of fermented feed ingredients for aquaculture production. The role of fermented feed ingredients for various farmed species in terms of growth, feed utilization, gut microbiota composition , immunity and disease resistance in fish is thoroughly discussed. The possible drawbacks associated with the fermentation process are also discussed in the article. K E Y W O R D S aquafeed ingredient, antinutritional factors, fermentation, fish health, limitations of fermentation, sustainable aquaculture
... However, the crude protein content was higher in unprocessed RSM (39%) than in unprocessed RSC (32%), which can also determine the changes. Chiang et al. [24] considered these changes to be due to differences in dry matter content, but we recalculated the nutrient content on a DM basis. Soluble protein reduction could be caused by microorganisms using available nitrogen for differentiation and growth, as observed in other works [25]. ...
... Many authors have shown that glucosinolate degradation depends on enzyme type and concentration, temperature, pH, and reaction time [36]. Chiang et al. [24] found that 90% of glucosinolates were reduced after 30 days of fermentation. Therefore, in the current study, the degradation of glucosinolates was satisfactory. ...
Enzymatic solid-state fermentation can improve the nutritional quality of feed materials. The current study aimed to determine the effect of the solid-state fermentation of rapeseed meal (RSM) with carbohydrase/s and phytases in various combinations. RSM was fermented for 24 h at 25 °C with eight commercial preparations and mixtures thereof to prepare eleven products (PHYL—liquid-6-phytase; RON NP—6-phytase; RON HI—6-phytase; RON R—α-amylase; RON WX—β-xylanase; RON VP—β-glucanase; RON A—α-amylase, β-glucanase; RON M—xylanase, β-glucanase; RON NP+M; RON NP+A; RON NP+M+R). Afterward, the enzymes were deactivated at 70 °C within 15 min, and the biomass was dried for 24 h at 55 °C. Carbohydrase and/or phytase additives did not positively affect crude or true protein content or reduce crude fiber (p > 0.05). Among the products after fermentation, a significant reduction in the content of the raffinose family oligosaccharides, glucosinolates, and phytate was found. In the presence of phytase, the phytate reduction was more significant (p < 0.01) than that in the presence of carbohydrases only. The addition of carbohydrases together with phytases did not improve the results in comparison with phytases alone (p > 0.05). The most valuable effect was found for liquid-6-phytase (PHYL).
... An increase in the population of beneficial intestinal bacteria is a possible explanation for improving intestinal morphology. This microbial population can prevent the harmful effects of pathogens, such as coliforms, on the intestinal structure and tissue through the antimicrobial activities mentioned in the previous section (Soumeh et al., 2019;Chiang et al., 2010). ...
The present study investigates the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with either cottonseed meal (CSM) or fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on the productive performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry parameters, gut bacterial population, and small intestinal morphology of laying hens. A total of 648 Hy-Line W36 laying hens aged 40 weeks were randomly assigned to 9 treatments, with 6 replicates each and 12 birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks. The treatments consisted of a control diet based on corn and SBM, as well as 8 experimental diets in which 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30% of the SBM in the control diet was replaced with either CSM or FCSM. Laying hens fed diets with different levels of FCSM had higher egg production and egg mass than those fed with CSM diets at weeks 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). Diets containing FCSM also significantly improved the feed conversion ratio at weeks 40 to 45 and 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). Eggshell strength was significantly greater in birds fed diets containing FCSM than those fed other dietary treatments at 51 weeks of age (P < 0.05). Hens fed diets containing FCSM had higher calcium and lower cholesterol in serum than those on other diets (P < 0.05). Replacing SBM with FCSM decreased the egg yolk cholesterol content (P < 0.05). Additionally, feeding diets containing different levels of FCSM increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Diets containing FCSM also reduced pH and coliform population in the ileum, and ceca and increased lactic acid bacteria count in the crop and ceca (P < 0.05). Overall, the present data showed that including FCSM in the diet of laying hens can positively affect productive performance compared to CSM. Moreover, substituting SBM with FCSM, can improve eggshell quality, promote gut health, and reduce egg yolk cholesterol concentration.
... The increase in the digestibility value of dry matter in this study is thought to be due to a rise in the structure of the small intestine's villi so that the absorption surface is wider. This is supported by [31] opinion that lactic acid bacteria in feed can increase nutrient absorption by increasing intestinal epithelial structure and expanding the absorption surface area. Research by [20] showed that fish waste silage of as much as 3-12% in the ration increased the villi height ratio and broiler chickens' crypt depth. ...
... Research by [20] showed that fish waste silage of as much as 3-12% in the ration increased the villi height ratio and broiler chickens' crypt depth. According to [31], maximum digestion and absorption of food substances occurs when the high villi-to-crypt depth ratio increases. In line with [32], nutrient absorption is more efficient if the abspsy field is more comprehensive. ...
... The zigzag structure of the villi can also cause the feed rate to be slower so that absorption will be maximized. According to [31], the increased structure of intestinal villi can be caused by fermented feed with low pH and high lactic acid bacteria, which can improve intestinal health by balancing intestinal microflora. ...
The study aims to determine the effect of fermented patin fish waste (FPFW) by microbes Lactobacillus paracasei, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LBS) in rations on the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, as well as obtain the level of use that produces the best digestibility of dry matter and protein in local chickens. The study used SNC(SNC) aged 14 weeks, as many as 24 tails, kept for 14 days. The experimental design was randomized, with six treatments and four repeats. Ration treatment is R0 (Lower control ration, protein 15% and EM 2750 kcal/kg, without the use of FPFW); R1 (R0 contains 5% FPFW ); R2 (R0 contains 10% FPFW); R3 (R0 contains 15% FPFW); R4 (R0 contains 20% FPFW); and RS (Upper control ration, protein 18% and EM 2750 kcal/kg, without use of FPFW). The results showed that the use of FPFW by LBS microbes had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the digestibility of dry matter and ration protein. Using 10% FPFW in the ration formula provides the best digestibility value of dry matter and crude protein of the ration on SNC.
... Although the nutrient digestibility was not investigated in this study, fermented canola meal elevated the dry matter, crude protein, and lipid digestibility by increased lipase and amylase activity and improved the BW gain and FCR of broiler chickens compared with the unfermented canola meal (Elbaz et al., 2023). Similarly, Chiang et al. (2010) noted that rapeseed meal increased the BW gain of broiler chickens by improving the apparent dry matter digestibility. ...
Solid‐state fermentation is a useful method for the utilization of the agri‐industrial residues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tomato pomace (TP) and Aspergillus niger ‐fermented tomato pomace (FTP) on the growth performance, some carcass traits, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross 308 one‐day‐old male chicks were allocated to one of four treatment groups consisting of five replicates of seven chicks each. Chicks were fed ad libitum with the corn‐soybean based basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidant, 10 g/kg TP or 10 g/kg FTP for 42 days. Dietary TP increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but did not affect the growth performance. Dietary inclusion of FTP improved the feed conversion ratio and raised serum GPx and SOD. Carcass traits, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of breast meat and cecal microflora were not affected by dietary treatments. The results of the study showed that TP can be used as a natural antioxidant in broiler diets without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary FTP can be suggested as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity.
... Besides methionine, the levels of other amino acids also increased post-fermentation. Moreover, fiber degradation improved, corroborating previous research findings [24,25]. The enhancement of nutritional components in FFSM is potentially due to the role of microorganisms during the metabolic process. ...
Flaxseed meal (FSM) is a byproduct of flaxseed oil extraction which has rich nutritional value and can be used as a high-quality new protein ingredient. However, the anti-nutrient factor (ANF) in FSM restricts its potential application in feed. The strategy of microbial fermentation is a highly effective approach to reducing ANF in FSM and enhancing its feeding value. However, evaluation of the nutritional value of fermented flaxseed meal (FFSM) in growing pigs has not yet been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of FFSM in growing pigs and comparison of the effect of fermentation treatment on improving the nutritional value of FSM. Two experiments were conducted to determine the available energy value, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and standard ileal digestibility of amino acids of FSM and FFSM in growing pigs. The results showed as follows: (1) Fermentation treatment increased the levels of crude protein (CP), Ca and P in FSM by 2.86%, 9.54% and 4.56%, while decreasing the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 34.09% and 12.71%, respectively (p < 0.05); The degradation rate of CGs in FSM was 54.09% (p < 0.05); (2) The digestible energy (DE) and metabolic energy (ME) of FSM and FFSM were 14.54 MJ/kg, 16.68 MJ/kg and 12.85 MJ/kg, 15.24 MJ/kg, respectively; (3) Compared with FSM, dietary FFSM supplementation significantly increased the apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, ADF, Ca, and P of growing pigs (p < 0.05) and significantly increased the standard ileal digestibility of methionine (p < 0.05). These results indicate that fermentation treatment could effectively enhance the nutritional value of FSM and provide basic theoretical data for the application of FFSM in pig production.
... Probiotics have a positive effect in improving digestion and absorption, increasing digestion and increasing intestinal efficiency as a result of the availability of nutrition Measurements of weight gain have also shown variable results as a known dose-dependent response has been detected in broilers receiving probiotic powder by different researchers [26]. These results were consistent with the findings of [27] that there was a significant improvement in the weight and relative length of the small intestine and in the jejunum and ileum in broilers that ate feed containing probiotics from one day old compared to the control treatment, but these results differed with what It was noted by researcher [28]. that there were no significant differences in the weight and relative length of the small intestine and its parts in broilers fed with feed containing probiotics compared to the control. ...
This study aimed to assess intestinal length in broiler chickens and ascertain the impact of plant extracts, represented by Digestarome, on various anatomical parameters for the digestive system, in comparison to microorganisms. The research used 450 one-day-old broiler chicks, which were reared for five weeks. The results showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in feed consumption each week (5-1) for both treatments (T5 and T6) during the course of the trial when compared to the control treatment (T1). Overall treatments, there was a significant improvement in the feed conversion factor at the P < 0.05 level. Furthermore, the mixture treatment's average live body weight varied every week until it reached the fifth treatment (T5). The rates of live body weight in the two treatments (T2 and T3) significantly declined in the week (2-4), whereas the rates of weight gain in all weeks significantly increased in the treatments (T5 and T6) Additionally, a notable improvement was noted in support of the therapy. (T4, T5, and T6), as they recorded a significant superiority in the rate of weight gain for all weeks. Clearing with significant differences between the treatments about carcass cuts for the treatments (T5 and T6) the highest value was recorded. As for the weight and length of the intestines, all of the additional treatments outperformed the control treatment (T1) about the weight of the intestines. As for the intestine length, the sixth treatment (T6) outperformed significantly. (P<0.05) on the control treatment (T1) and did not differ significantly from the other addition treatments.
... FF is gaining increased attention due to their ability to improve the nutrients in feed (probiotics, vitamins, organic acids, amino acids, peptides, enzymes and growth factors, etc.), thus enhancing the growth performance of animals (26,27). Indeed, Similarly, Zhu et al. (27) reported that the addition of FF in diets led to significantly increased ADG and significantly decreased FCR of 35-day-old laying hens. ...
... Villus height, crypt depth and the ratio of villus to crypt are important indicators to measure the normal function of intestinal mucosa. Specifically, the higher the villous height, the larger the surface area of the intestine and the stronger the absorption capacity of nutrients; whereas the crypt depth reflects the maturation rate of intestinal epithelial cells and the shallower the crypt depth, the increased number of mature cells; finally the villi/crypt ratio reflects the normal morphology and function of the intestine (26,36,51). Ding et al. (52) reported that the addition of solid-state fermented sesame meal in diets led to significantly increased villous height and the villi/crypt ratio in jejunum of 21-day-old meat duck. ...
... Ding et al. (52) reported that the addition of solid-state fermented sesame meal in diets led to significantly increased villous height and the villi/crypt ratio in jejunum of 21-day-old meat duck. Similarly, Chiang et al. (26) demonstrated that the addition of solidstate fermented rapeseed meal in diets led to significantly increased villous height and villi/crypt ratio in the jejunum and ileum of 21-dayold broilers. Guo et al. (8) reported that the addition of FF in diets led to significantly increased villous height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of laying hens, which could be attributed to the inhibition of Campylobacter and other pathogens by Lactobacillus, thereby reducing damage to the intestinal mucosal epithelium. ...
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fermented feed on growth performance, antioxidant indexes and intestinal health in lion-head goslings.
Methods
288 male lion-head goslings (one-day-old) were randomly divided into four groups (6 replicates per group, 12 samples per replicate): control group (basal diet) and fermented feed (FF) groups (basal diet supplemented with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% FF, respectively). The experimental period lasted 28 days.
Results
The results showed that 5.0 and 7.5% FF groups decreased feed conversion rate (FCR) when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The 5.0% FF group reduced the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum; while the 7.5% FF group decreased the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), ALP and LDH activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the 7.5% FF group significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum (p < 0.05); 2.5% and 5.0% FF groups significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum (p < 0.05); all FF groups increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum (p < 0.05). For intestinal health, the villous height and villi/crypt ratio in jejunum were increased in all FF groups, but crypt depth was decreased (p < 0.05); The 5.0% FF groups enhanced T-AOC activity in jejunum (p < 0.05); The 2.5% and 5.0% FF groups enhanced GSH-Px activity (p < 0.05) in jejunum; All FF groups reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level in jejunum (p < 0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the cecum microbiota was significantly dominant in the 2.5% FF group compared to the control group including Firmicutes, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella; the flora that were significantly dominant in the 5.0% FF group compared to the control group included Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, Megamonas, and Prevotella; and the groups that were significantly dominant in the 7.5% FF group compared to the control group included Bacteroidota, Bacteroides, Bacteroidaceae, and Ruminococcaceae.
Discussion
In summary, dietary FF supplementation improved growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity of lion-head goslings, as well as improved jejunal tissue morphology and optimized intestinal flora structure. In particular, the FF addition at a dose of 7.5% was relatively more effective for lion- head goslings.
