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Ecological differences between human populations can affect the relative strength of sexual selection, and hence drive gender inequality. Here, we exploit the cultural diversity of southwestern China, where some village sex ratios are female-biased, in part due to a proportion of males entering monastic celibacy, to evaluate the role of sex ratio o...
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... the % of monks in each village varied considerably. We observed a village maximum of 20.49% of male adults (aged between 14 and 50) being monks, with a considerably lower mean and high variance (Mean = 3.91%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 6%, N = 55 villages) ( Figure S3). There were no monks among the Yi or the Han ( Figure S3), hence ASR and OSR are the same value in the Han and Yi sample villages. ...
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... observed a village maximum of 20.49% of male adults (aged between 14 and 50) being monks, with a considerably lower mean and high variance (Mean = 3.91%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 6%, N = 55 villages) ( Figure S3). There were no monks among the Yi or the Han ( Figure S3), hence ASR and OSR are the same value in the Han and Yi sample villages. We examine the direct relationship between the prevalence of monastic celibacy in a village (that is the proportion of males born in the village who leave to become monks) and the individual workload of non-celibates of both sexes. ...
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... = 9383, 95% CI [-42708, À6167], p = 0.0094; Linear multilevel model; Figure S4). The impact of monastic celibacy on women's work burden is more pronounced than its effect on men's workload (Figure 3). Our data indicate that each additional one-tenth of an adult male becoming monks will raise women's workload by 1715.81 step counts and decrease men's workload by 727.98 step counts (Figure 3 & Figure S4). ...
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... impact of monastic celibacy on women's work burden is more pronounced than its effect on men's workload (Figure 3). Our data indicate that each additional one-tenth of an adult male becoming monks will raise women's workload by 1715.81 step counts and decrease men's workload by 727.98 step counts (Figure 3 & Figure S4). ...
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... shaded region indicates a 95% confidence interval. The frequency of male celibates of Yi and Han (not shown in Figure 3) was measured as zero. Orange (zhAmdo), Green (Mosuo), Blue (mqAmdo), Purple (Zhaba iScience Article determine the average labor effort for males and females, respectively. ...
